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FUn‰¿
[ΩNmcn hnthIcXv\
{XncXv\ {KŸame
\mK]q¿
_p≤hμ\ kq‡ßƒ
Buddha Vandana Sookthanagal(Pali-Malayalam)Marathi Edition 1984Hindi Edition 1994Malayalam Edition 2008EditorDhammachari VivekaratnaTranslated byShyamala.D(Bsc,Hindi Praveen)Published byThriratna GrandhamalaTrailokya Bouddha Maha Sangha Sahayak GanNagapur
_p≤aX BN-cW coXn-Iƒ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ “_p≤
hμ\ kq‡-߃” F∂ Cu {KŸw BZy-ambn {]Im-i\w sNø-
s∏- Xv admTn-bn-em-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬, 30 h¿jw apºv ss{XtemIy
_u≤ alm-kwLv klm-bIv KWns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ alm-cm-
jv{S-bnse ]qs\-bn-em-Wv [Ω {]N-c-W-Øn\v Bcw`w Ipdn-°-
s∏-´-Xv. C∂v, C¥y-bn¬ 18 kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ ss{XtemIy
_u≤ alm-kwLv klm-bIv KWns‚ [Ω{]N-cWw hym]n-®n-
´p-≠v. {]tXy-In-®v, \Kv]q-¿ Bÿm-\-am°n {]h¿Øn-°p∂
\mKm¿÷p\m s{Sbn-\nMv C≥Ãn‰yq´v a‰v kwkv-Ym-\-ß-fn¬
[Ωw {]N-cn -∏n -°p -∂-Xn¬ apJy -]¶v hln -°p -∂p -≠v .
\mKm¿÷p\m s{Sbn-\nMv C≥Ãyq‰q´n¬ \n∂pw ]cn-io-e\w
e`n®v ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-´p≈ [Ωan{X-Iƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS kwÿm-\-
ß-fn¬ [Ω {]N-cWw \S-Øn-h-cp-I-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ [Ωm-
\p-k-cWw Pohn-°p∂ _u≤sc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw, Ah-
cpsS am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb k¥p-jvSn-tbm-sSm-∏w, {Xnc-
Xv\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ (_p-≤w, [Ωw, kwLw) hnizmkw ZrV-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠nbpw Cu ]pkvXIw hf-scb-[nIw {]tbm-P\w
sNøpw.
{]km-[-I Ip-dn∏v
km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ lnμp-aXw Dt]-£n-®mWv _p≤-aXw
kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v, _u≤-k-aq-l-Øn-\p-th≠n BNm-
cm-\p-jvT-\-߃ {Iao-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Imcyw hf-sc-b-[nIw
{i≤n-t°-≠-Xp≠vv. Fs¥-∂m¬, aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w sNbvX _u≤
hy‡n-Iƒ _p≤s\ lnμp-a-X-Ønse BNm-cm-\p-jvSm-\-߃°-
\p-k-cn®v ]qPn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw _u≤ ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn®p≈
am\- n-Im-hÿ hnI-kn-∏n-s®Sp°p≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.
CXv Ht∂m ct≠m Znh-kw-sIm≠v km≤y-a-√-Xm\pw. ]c-º-cm-K-
X-amb _u≤ BNm-c- coXn-I-fn¬ am‰w hcp-Øm-sX, B[p-\nI
kaq-l-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ ]qPbpw kwkvIm-c-hn-
[n-Ifpw cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xp≠v. AXn-t\m-sSm∏w Xs∂, Po¿Æn-
®-Xpw, Dt]-£n-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb ]pc-Xm\ sslμh kwkvIm-c-ß-
fpsS PU-ßsf ho≠pw \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ Xncn®v hcm-Xn-cn-°p-
hm≥ ]q¿Æ-ambn {i≤n-°-pIbpw thWw.
`K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ D]-tZiw A\p-k-cn®v \Ωƒ \ΩpsS
kz¥w mj-bn¬ [Ωw A`y-kn-°p-I-bpw, BN-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-
Ww. ]qPbv°pw a‰v BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°pw \n¿t±-in-°-s]-´n-´p≈
]men kp‡-߃ Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ kp‡-ßfpsS
]cn-`mj Ah-c-h-cpsS `mj-bn¬ sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. AXp-t]mse
Xs∂ hnhn-[-cmPyßfnse _u≤-P-\X H∂n®p IqSp-tºmƒ,
]men kq‡-ßfpw KmY-Ifpw sNm√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-eqsS
Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ sFIy-hpw, ]c-kv]c kvt\lhpw h¿≤n°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Nne kq‡-ß-fn¬ tZh, `qX XpS-
ßnb i_vZ-߃ {]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Hs∂¶n¬ Ahbv°v DNn-X-
amb _u≤-i_vZ-߃ sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v ]q¿Æ-ambn am‰-Ww.
AX-s√-¶n¬ icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ iv_Zß-fpsS A¿∞w kv]j-
S-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. F∂m¬, C∂p-hsc DNn-X-amb iv_Z߃ e`n-
°mØXpaqew R߃ B iv_Zßsf Aßs\ Xs∂ D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Cu i_vZßfpsS A¿∞hpw, kv]jvS-amb
hymJym-\hpw ka-bm-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ {]`m-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw a‰pw
\¬I-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.
]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§w “]cn{Xm¨ ]mTns\” (_p-≤aX ]qPm-
co-Xn-) lnμp°fpsS kXy-\m-cm-bW ]qP-bv°-\p-k-cn®v
am‰nXo¿Øn-´p-≠v. Cßs\ ]cn-{XmWv ]mTv sNm√p-I-bpw,
tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hy‡n-Iƒ CXns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w
a\- n-em-°n-b√ sNøp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-h¿§w CXn-
eqsS Hcp kaq-lnI AwKn-Imcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. P\-ßsf
{]_p-≤-cm-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\mbn ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw
sNtø≠h¿ Ahsc A‘-hn-iz-k-Ønepw Zpjn® am\-kn-I-h-
ÿ-bn-ep-am°n em`-ap-≠m°n h©n-°p-I-bm-sW∂v tIƒ°m≥
CS-bm-bn-´p-≠v.
aqe-admTn ]qPm-]p-kvX-Ihpw AXns‚ lnμn X¿÷abpw
H∂n-®p-tN¿Øp-sIm≠v Cu ]pkvXIw Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-
≠n, tIc-f-Øn¬ [Ω {]Nm-cWw \S-Øp∂ [¿Ω-an-{X-Iƒ, hnti-
jn®v [Ωan{X _nt\mPv _m_p [ΩNmcn hnth-I -c-Xv\°v F√m-
hn[ klm-b-ßfpw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.
Cu {KŸw A\p-k-cn-®-pam{Xta F√m _u≤cpw _u≤m-
Nm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ ]n≥Xp-Sm-cmhp F∂p R߃ \¿_-‘n-°p-∂n-√.
Cu {KŸw ]q¿Æ-cq-]-Øn¬ B[n-Im-cnI {KŸ-ambn AwKo-I-
cn-°-W-sa∂v R߃ ]d-bp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ CXv _u≤m-Nm-c-co-
Xn-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p-th≠n-bp≈ Hcp Ffnb klmb-
am-bn-cn°pw. tIc-f-Ønse P\-߃°v _p≤-aX BNm-c-
ßsf°pdn-®p≈ Adnhv FØn-°pI F∂p≈ sNdnsbmcp {ia-
amWv. CXn-eqsS R߃ \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ hnh-
cn-®n-cn-°p∂ Bi-b-tØmSv GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ hntbm-Pn-
∏p-s≠-¶n¬ Xm¶-fpsS B A`n-{]mbw Rßsf [cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-
sW-¶n¬ AXv [ΩØns‚ hnIm-k-Øn\v DX-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂v
R߃°v hy‡-am-bm¬ Cu {KŸ-Øns‚ ASpØ {]Imi\
ka-bØv Dƒs]Sp-Øp-hm≥ km[n-°pw. Cu {KŸØn¬ {]Zn-
]m-Xn-®n-cn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ PohnXw \bn-°p∂ GsXmcp
_u≤cpw icn-bmb _u≤ ]mc-º-cyØn¬ \n∂pw Hcn-°epw
AI-∂p-t]m-Ip -I-bn√ F∂-Xn¬ R߃°v ]q¿Æ-abn
hnizmkap≠v.
Xmbvhm\nep≈ (R. O. C) _p≤ FUyq-t°-j≥
^ut≠-j≥ apJm-¥cw A®-Sn® ]pkvX-I-߃ tIc-f-Øn¬
kuP-\y -ambn hnX-cWw sNøp -hm≥ klm-bn -® - B
A`ypZmbImw£n-Isf hsc A`n-\-μn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm-∏w, `mc-
X-Øn¬ [Ω {]NcWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v _p≤ FUyq-t°-j≥
^ut≠-j≥ \¬Inb F√m-k-lm-b-Øn\pw ]pWym\p-tam-Z\w
A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
[ΩNmcn temIan{X
BapJw
“_p≤- hμ\ kq‡-߃” F∂ Cu ae-bmf _p≤-a-
X-{KŸw \nß-fpsS ssII-fn¬ FØn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xn¬ F\n°v
AXn-bmb kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. Cu {KŸw ae-bm-fn-I-fmb _u≤¿°v
hf-sc-b-[nIw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.
[Ωm-N-c-W-Øn¬ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°v AXn-t‚-Xmb {]m[m\yw
\¬tI-≠-Xp≠.v AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ [Ωm-N-c-
W-Øns‚ `mK-am-°n am-‰-Ww. BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ _u≤ P\-X-
bpsS kmwkvIm-cn-I-hpw, kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn°v A\p-
kr-X-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v Cu BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°v [m¿Ωn-
I-X-tb-°mƒ D]cn kmaq-ln-I-amb al-Xz-am-Wp-≈-Xv.
Cuiz-c-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ [¿Ω-ß-
fn¬ F{]-Im-c-amtWm ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ°v {]m[m\yw Iev]n-°p-
s∏´n-´p≈Xv, AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp {]m[m-\yhpw _u≤-]m-c-º-
cy-Øn¬ C√. AXp-sIm-≠v, _u≤-[Ω-Øn¬ I¿a-Im-
WvUØn\v bmsXm-cp-{]-k-‡n-bp-an-√. BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°v Aan-
X-amb alXzw Iev]n-®v, AXp-Xs∂ e£y-am-bn-°-cp-Xn-s°m-
≠v, _u≤-[Ω-Øn¬ I¿Ω-ImWvUw krjvSn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥
\Ωƒ {i≤m-ep-hm-bn-cn-°-Ww. AY-hm, GXp hn[n Bcv sN-ø-
Ww, Fß-s\-sN-øWw B¿°p-th-≠n-sN-ø-Ww, Ft∏mƒ
sNøWw Fs∂ms° a‰v aXßfnset∏mse Btem-Nn®v
_u≤[Ωw BN-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw \Ωƒ AI∂v t]mIcpXv.
_u≤ Pohn-X-Øn¬ BNm-c-hn-[n-I-sf-°mƒ {]m[m\yw [Ωm-
N-c-W-Øn-\mWv \¬tI-≠-Xv.
F{]-Im-c-am-tWm, kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI∂p
\n¬°p∂ Hcp hy‡n°v [Ω-Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√m-ØXv, A{]-
Imcw Abmƒ°v BNm-c-hn-[n-I-fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-an-√m-Xm-bn-h-
cp-∂p. Bb-Xn-\m¬ \ma-I-c-Ww, hnhm-lw, ]pWym-\p-tam-Z\w
XpS-ßnb NS-ßp-Iƒ hy‡nsb kw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬
t]mepw, kmaq-lnI NS-ßp-I-fm-bn-´mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. aXm-]n-Xm-
°ƒ°v BNm-c-hn-[n-I-fpsS klm-b-an-√msX Xs∂ Xß-fpsS
Ip´n-Iƒ°v t]cn-Sm≥ Ignbpw AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ ]ptcm-ln-XcpsS
klm-b-an-√msX {]mb-]q¿Øn-bm-b-h¿°v cPn-ÿ hnhmlw
sNøm\pw km[n-°pw. CXp-sIm-≠¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv, [Ω-Øns‚
\ne-\n¬∏n-\p-th≠n ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ sNø-W-sa-∂-Im-gvN-∏mSv
_p≤-[-Ω-Øn-en-√. F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.
hnhn[ {]tZ-i-ß-fnse P\-߃ Ah-cpsS BZchpw
_lp-am-\hpw {]I-S-am-°p-∂Xv hyXy-kvXhpw kzX-{¥hpw Bb
Ah-c-h-cpsS ssien-I-fnepsSbpw coXn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpam-Wv. Cu
Imcy-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn-emWv \ΩpsS BZ¿i-amb _u≤ K-
hmt\bpw At±-l-Øns‚ imk-\-I-sfbpw kvacn -°p-∂-
Xn\pth≠n Cu ]pkvXIw Xøm-dm-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm-
≠v , \ΩpsS BZ¿i-ß-sf {]Xn \ap -°p≈ kvacW
kw£n]vXambnt´m, hnim-e-ambnt´m {]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bpw.
Bb-Xn-\m¬, BN-c-W-hn-[n-I-fn¬ At\Iw kq‡-ß-fpsS
k©bw D≠m-h-W-sa∂pw _p≤-[Ωw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂n-√. Cu
ImgvN-∏m-Sn-emWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ cN\ \n¿Δ-ln-°-s∏-´n-
´p-f-f-Xv. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ aqe]meo kq‡-ß-tfm-sSm∏w
AXns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`m-jbpw sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. B-Xpt]mse-
Xs∂ _u≤-P-\XbpsS F√m kmaq-lnI NS-ßp-Ifpw Fßs\
sNø-W-sa-∂p≈ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßfpw Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-
Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. tIc-f-Øn¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ [Ω {]N-c-W-
Øns‚ ]ptcm-KXn a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≠v, \mKm¿Pp\ s{Sbn-\nwKv
C≥Ãn‰yq- n¬ \n∂pw ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n- p≈ tIc-f-Ønse [Ω
an{X-I-fpsS B{K-l-{]-Imcw Cu ]pkvXIw hfsc thK-Øn¬
\nß-fpsS ssII-fn¬ FØn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n- p≠v F∂p Rm≥
hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-߃°p-tijw Nne-am-‰-߃
hcp-tØ-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-ambn ht∂°mw
Cu{KŸw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂
am\y-hy-‡n-Iƒ \njv]-£-ambpw kq£-a-ambpw ]Tn®v [Ω-
Øns‚ D÷z-e-amb `mhn-°mbn A\p-tbm-Py-amb am¿§-\n¿t±-
i-߃ Xcp-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Cu {KŸw
`mhn-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ FØn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-w.
Cu {KŸw \nß-fpsS ssII-fn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn\v
eoKkn ^≠v IΩ‰n Cw•≠pw (Legacy Fund Committee),tIm¿∏-td-‰v t_mUn Hm^v _p≤ FPyq-t°-j≥ ^ut≠-j≥
Xmbvhm\pw (R.O.C) alXz ]q¿Æ-amb klm-b-߃ \¬In-bn-
´p-≠v. AXp-t]m-se, Cu {KŸw lnμnbn¬ \n∂pw ae-bm-f-Øn-
te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ipamcn iyma-f Un. Xs‚ ZuXyw
hfsc hy‡-ambpw `wKn-bmbpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ipamcn iyma-f
Un., [Ωan{X _nt\mPv _m_p, a‰p [Ω-an-{X-I-ƒ Ch-
cpsSsb√mw klmbkl-I-c-W-߃°v Fs‚ lrZbw \nd™
\μn-tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
[Ω-Nmcn hnth-I-cXv\
D≈S°w
`mKw H∂v : kq‡ßƒ `mKw c≠vv : BNmchn[nIƒ
]qPbpsS alXzw 14
hμ\ 22
kcWØbM 22
]©knem\n 24
22 {]Xn⁄Iƒ 26
_p≤]qPm 28
{XncXv\ hμ\ 30
almawKekpØv 36
IcWnbsaØ kpØv 40
cXv\ kpØv 42
PbawKe AjvSKmY 50
k√ kpØv 54
[Ω]me≥ KmY 60
\maIcWw 66
[ΩZo£m kamtcmlWw 68
hnhmlw 72
Zml-I¿Ωw AYhm A¥y-hn[n 77
]pWym\ptamZ\w 80
Krl{]thiw 82
ka¿∏W hn[n 84
ipt`—m 86
Dr.B.R.Awt_Zv°dpsS IØv 88
\nXy]mTw 90
14 15
]qP-bpsS alXzw
AXn-{]-mNo\ Imew apX¬ Xs∂ {]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp∂
F√m-a-Xßfnepw Xßfp-tS-Xmb A`n-{]mbw AYhm XmXv]cyw
A\p-k-cn®v ap‡n-Zm-Xm-°ƒ°v As√-¶¬ am¿§-Z¿in-
Iƒ°v{]tXyIam-b -]q-P-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.
]qP F∂Xv B{K-l-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p--∂-Xn-\p-th≠n,
As√-¶n¬ B{K-l-߃ km[yamIp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n AXp-a-
s√¶n¬ a\- ns‚ ]cnip≤n°p-th≠n Ah-c-h-cp-tS-Xmb Cuiz-
cm-cm-[-\-bpsS hy‡am-°-em-Wv. Cuiz-cm-[n-jvTnXamb {][m-\-
a-X-ß-fn¬ Cu ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ, _nw_-X¿∏Ww, Ah¿ AwK-I-
cn-°p∂ aX-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnse Imhy߃s°m≠v tZh˛tZ-hn-Isf
kvXpXn-°pI, As√-¶n¬ kz¿§-{]m-]vXn-°p-th≠n ]e-X-c-Øn-
ep-ff _en\¬IpI Ch-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Nne¿ imcocnI ]oT-\-ß-tfmSp IqSnb ITn\ X]- p-
Iƒ sNøp-Ibpw A{Xbpw Xs∂ Xo{h{h-X-ß-fnepw tZim-S-\-
ß-fnepw apgp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
_p≤-a-X-Øn¬ ]qPbv°v F¥mWv ÿm\w? _p≤-a-
X-Øn¬ Cuiz-c≥ AXm-bXv GtXm A¤p-X-ambmhn, k¿Δ-
hym]n,k¿Δi‡n-imen, `mKy]nXmhv, k¿Δ-{_-“m-fi-ß-fp-
tSbpw krjvSmhv XpS-ßnb AXnam\pj i‡n-bpsS AkvXnXzw
Xs∂ C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. F¶n¬ ]qP B¿°p-f-f-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]m-
se-Xs∂ Hcp ]s£ Nne aX߃ ]dbp∂ Cuiz-c≥ AZr-
iyambn Cu uXnI-icocØn-ep-ff, ac-W-Øn-\-Xo-X-amb Hmtcm
Ah-b-h-Øn¬ IpSn-sIm-f-fp-Ibpw AXn-t‚-Xmb ]©- q-X-ß-fn¬
ebn-°p-Ibpw tijn-°p-∂h \in-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
F¶nepw Xncn-®p-h-chv GXn-t‚-Xm-Wv ? AXp-t]mse ]qP Bcp-
tS-XmWv ? AXy¥w Zp¿{Km-lyamb tNmZy߃ C∂sØ Cu
imkv{XobbpK-Øn-ep-ff _p≤n-hm-Zn-I-fpsS a\kn¬ Np‰n-°-d-
ßp-Ibpw AXv ]pXnb kn≤m-¥-hm-Z-Øn-te°v FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw
sNøm-dp≠v. F∂m¬ PohnXw ap-gp-h\pw a\p-jycpsS bYm¿∞
sFiz-cyØns‚ Pohn-X-t{km-X pw AXns‚ ]hn-{X-Xbpw, Icp-
Wbpw AXn¬\n∂p e`n-°p∂ kam-[m-\hpw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-I-
bm-sW-¶n¬, adp-h-iØv A‘-Xbv°v hi-s∏-´- G-sX-¶nepw
]ptcm-ln-X≥ shdpw _nw_m-cm-[-\bpw, {KŸ-]m-cm-b-Whpw,
at{¥m-—m-c-Whpw Iq´n-t®¿Øv CXmWv ap‡n-am¿§-sa∂v
shdptX]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
BZ-c-Wob\mb D¿§-bn≥kwL-c-£nXv [ym\Øn-eq-
sSbpw, AXp-t]mse bp‡n-]-c-amb Nn¥-Ifmepw aq∂p
bm\ßfpsS, (lo-\-bm-\w, alm-bm-\w, h{P-bm-\w) ]T-
\߃sIm≠pw, ‘[Ωm\pk-cnXv,’ ‘{i≤m\pk-cnXv’ Ch-bn-ep-ff
a\-\wsIm≠pw At±lw hfsc hy‡-amb \nK-a-\-Øn¬ FØn-
t®¿∂p. “[Ωm-\p-k-cn\pw {i≤m-\p-k-cn-\pw” CS-bn¬ bmsXmcp
hn`-P-\hpw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂n√ F∂p ka¿∞n-®p. am{X-a-√,
BZcWob\mb D¿§nb≥kwLc-£nXvv ]d-bp-∂p, Bflob
Pohn-X-Øn-te°v Cd-ßn-Øn-cn® Hcp kn≤m-¥-hmZn, _p≤-aX
XXz-ßsf _p≤n-hm-Zn-bpsS am{Xw ImgvN-∏m-Sn-eqsS ImWp-tºmƒv
Abmƒ H∂nepw {i≤-bq-∂mØ Hcm-fm-bn-Øo-cp-I-bmWvsNøp-
∂-Xv . _p≤n -Nn -¥-bpsS A[nIyØn¬ F∂-t]mse,
A[ymfloIX-bpsS {i≤-bn-√m-bvabnte°pw Ch¿ \new]-Xn-°p-∂p.
aX-]-c-amb A\pjvTm-\-߃ shdpw {KŸ ]mcm-b-W-w
am{Xamb¬ B[ymXvanI-X-bpsS {i≤-bn-√m-bva-bn-te°v FØn-
t®-cp-w AXp-t]mse Xs‚ kz¥-amb hnizm-k-Øn¬ A`n-am-\n-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Hcp B[ymXvanIKpcp-hns‚ km∂n-[yØn¬
\n∂pw bYm-hn-[n-tbm-sS, hn\-b-tØmSp IqSn ]Tn-°p-∂Xnepw,
Ncn-°p-∂-Xnepw {i≤n-°msX Xs‚ am{Xw [mΩnI, _u≤nI
Z¿i-\-Øn¬ At\z-jWw \S-Øns°m≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
F∂m¬ ‘{i≤m-\p-k-cn≥’ A\p-k-cn®v Hcp hy‡n
_u≤[Ω-Øn¬ Kl-\-am-bXpw, Bg-Øn-ep-apf-f-Xp-amb Z¿i-
\-ß-fn¬ IS-°p-∂-Xn\v, Abmƒ/ Ahƒ ]q¿Æ B[ymflnI
t_m[-tØm-sSm∏w, ka¿∏nX `mh-tØm-Sp -IqSn Xs‚
B[ymflnI Kpcp-hns‚ Imev]m-Sp-Isf ]n≥XpS¿∂v Kpcp-hns‚
\n¿t±-i-ß-fn¬ Ncn®v Xs‚ aXw (-I¿Ø-hyw) a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw
Xs‚ Pohn-XsØ [Ω-a-b-am°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
_p≤s‚ aq∂m -asØ Hcp hnin -jvS -in -
jy\mbncp∂p ‘Imb-k-Jn’ At±lw ITn-\-amb tbmKm-\p-jvTm-
\-ß-fn¬°qSn Xs‚ Xs∂ `uXnI ico-c-Øn¬\n∂v th¿s]´v
\n¬°p∂ Hcp D∂-X-amb B≤ymflnIhpw AXp-t]mse
temtIm-Ø-chpw, AeuInIhpw, Akm-[m-c-Whpw, ]c-a-kpJw
{]]n-°p∂Xpamb Ah-ÿbn-se-Ønbncp-∂p. C{]-Imcw aq∂p
Xc-Øn-ep-ff injy D]m-k-I¿ _p≤aX-Øn-te°v ka¿∏-Ww -
sN-øp-Ibpw Xß-fp-tS-Xmb coXn-bn¬ ⁄m\hpw AXp-t]mse
A\p-`-hhpw t\Sn {Xnc-Xv\-ß-fn¬ icWw {]]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
F∂m¬, Ft∏m-gmtWm kwL-Ønse Hcp km[m-cW D]m-k-
I≥ ]q¿Æ hnI-kn-X-\mb/hnI-kn-Xbmb ⁄m\n˛[my\n, Bk-
‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h≥/ Bk-‡n-bn-√m-Ø-ƒ, Ah-km-\-k-XyØns‚
At\z-jI¿, \n¿Δm-W-{]m-]v-X≥/{]m]vX Bbn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv, AXp-
t]mse am¿§-Zm-Xm-hn-t\mSv tN¿∂v Ncy XpS-cp-Ibpw, am¿§-Zm-
Xm-°ƒ Ft∏m-gmtWm Ncy-]-c-ambn KuXa -_p-≤-\m-Ip-∂Xv
AXp-hsc Abmƒ/Ahƒ \mev BcykXyßfn-te-°p-ff At\z-
jWw XpS-tc-≠-Xp≠v. XpS¿∂v _lp-P≥ln-X-mb, _lp-
P≥kpJmb AYhm _lp-P\ sFiz-cyØn\p-ff am¿§w
hnkvXr-X-am-°p-Ibpw AXns‚^e-ambn AØ-c-Øn-ep-ff
BZ¿ialXvhy‡nIƒ°v ap-∂n¬ IrX-⁄-Xm-]q¿Æ-amb BZ-
c-hmWv ]qPbpsS cq]-Øn¬ {]I-S-am-°p-∂Xv.
AXm-bXv, kmcmwiw Fs¥-∂m¬ temI-Ønse D∂-
X-\mb BZ¿i -K-hm≥ _p≤\pw, At±l-Øns‚ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw,
aXhpw B D∂X BZ¿i-߃ {]Ncn∏n -°p∂ D∂X
A[ymflnIhy‡nI-fpw Ipe-kw-L-ßfpw Cu {XncXv\-ßsf
{]Xn PmK-cq-I-cm°n {i≤m- m-h-tØmsS, ]q¿Æka¿∏-W-tØmsS
\ne-\n¿Øn- h∂n-cp-∂p. AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv Cu ka¿∏-Ww.
Cu {Xnc-Xv\-ßfpsS al-Ø-c-amb BZ¿ißsf Xß-
fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ kzbw A\p- -h-th-Zy-am-°p∂-Xn-\v Cu B≤ym-
flnI A\p- -h-ß-fn¬\n-∂p≈ kpJ-{]m-]vXn-bpsS A\p- qXn e`n-
°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv \Ωƒ Cu al-flm°-fm¬ As√-¶n¬
AXp-t]mse hninjvS alm-\p-`m-h-≥am-cm¬ BI¿jn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂Xv. AXn-eqsS Hcmƒ°v Cu D∂X B[ymflnIA\p- hw e`n-
°p-Ibpw ]c-a-amb kam-[m\-tØmsSm∏w, \n¿Δm-W-Øns‚
B\μw e`n-°p-Ibpw Cu temI-Øn-ep-ff Aim-¥nbpw AXp-
t]mse A⁄m-\hpw A‘-Im-chpw Zpco-I-cn®v, kXysØ Xncn-
®-dn-bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
AXm-bX,v \Ωƒ _p≤w, [Ωw, kwLw XpS-ßnb
D∂X Z¿i-\-ß-tfmSv IrX-⁄-X-bp-ffhcm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw, \Ω-
16 17
ƒ B¥-cn-Ihpw, _mlyhpamb kt¥m-j-ß-ƒ krjvSn-®v AXn-
\mbn kzbw {]b-Xv\n-°p-Ibpw thWw. Fs¥∂m¬ GsXm-
cmƒ°pw B D∂X BZ¿i-ß-fn¬ Pohn®v _p≤Xzw {]m]n-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bpw.
F√m-hn[ BNm-c-hn-[n-Ifpw ]qP-Ifpw AXn-a-t\m-l-c-
ambn Ae-¶-cn® ]qPm-ÿm-\-Øns‚ ap∂n-emWv \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xv. B apdn-bpsS A\p-tbm-Py-amb Hcp ÿm\Øv kpμ-chpw
BI¿j-I-hp-amb Hcp ]qPm-ÿm\w D≠m-°p-Ibpw. B ]qPm-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ cq]-Øn\p Ipd®p Xmsg-bmbn
t_m[n-kzXz _m_m kmtl_v tUm. _n.-B¿. Awt_-ZvI-dp-
tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ t_m[n-k-Xz-cpsS cq]߃IqSn hbv°mhp∂-
XpamWv.
]q°ƒ, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn, km{ºm-Wn-Øn-cn, ame, \qev XpS-
ßnb A¿∏-W-h-kvXp-°ƒ ]qPm-ÿm\-Øp {i≤-]q¿Δw hbv°p-
Ibpw, ]qPm-ÿm\w hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn Ae-¶-cn-t°-≠-Xpam-
Wv. ]qPm-ÿm\-tØ°v IS-∂p-h-cp∂ Hcp hy‡n°v sshIm-cn-
Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw kuμ-cym-fl-I-hp-amb A\p-`qXn CXv Df-
hm-°p-∂p. Xs‚ BZ¿i-tØm-Sp≈ {i≤m-`m-h\ DbcpIbpw
{Inbm-fl-Ihpw mh-\m-]q¿Æ-hp-amb am\-kn-Im-hÿ hf-cp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. IqSm-sX, kq‡-ßfpw KmY-Ifpw hfsc GIm-{K-X-
tbmSpw CuW-tØmSpw sNm√p-∂-tXmsS kXv`m-h\ IqSp-X¬
IqSp-X¬ D®-h-ÿ-bn-te°v FØp∂p. _u≤ ]qPm-k-a-bØv
Cu aq∂p ]c-º-cm-KX hkvXp-°ƒ al-Xz-]q¿Whpw Bh-iy-
hp-am-Ip-∂p ˛ ]pjv]w, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn, km{ºm-Wn-Øn-cn.
]qPmkabØv ImgvNhkvXp°fmbn h®n´p≈ Cu
A¿∏W hkvXp°ƒ tIhew Ae¶mcØn\pth≠n am{Xa√
CXn\v AXnt‚Xmb alXzap≠v. ]q°ƒ AkvYncXbpsS
{]XoIamWv. AXmbXv Cu temIØn¬ F¥pXs∂ Bbmepw
AXv ÿnca√. As√¶n¬ \nXya√. D≠mbm¬ \in°pI
AhbpsS kz`mhamWv. C∂sØ Ahÿ
C∂setØXpt]mseb√, ]cnhn¿Ø\hnt[bamWv. AXmbXv
am‰w {]IrXnbpsS AewLyamb \nbaamWv. C∂v hnS¿∂
kpμc]pjv]߃ \msf hmtS≠hbmWv.
sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-bpsS {]Im-i-Pzme Np‰p-]mSpw ]c-°p-Ibpw
Ccp-´ns\ AI-‰n {]Im-i-Øn-s‚- kXyw ({]⁄)- A‘-Im-c-
cq-]n-bmb A⁄m-\sØ C√m-Xm-°p-∂p. Nμ-\-Øncn A¿∞-
am-°p-∂Xv kpK‘wsIm≠v apgp-h≥ ]qP-tbbpw AXp-t]m-se-
Xs∂ [ym\N-cybpsS (km-[\-bpsS) apdn-I-sfbpw \nd-bv°p-∂p.
A{]-Imcw kpio-e-\mb/ kpio-ebmb hy‡nbpsS Pohn-XsØ
temI-Øn¬ BZ-c-Wo-b-am°n, Xs‚ inem-N-c-Ww-sIm≠v
kpK‘w ]cØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
]qPm ÿm\tØ°v {]th-in-°p∂ ka-bØv Htcm
D]m-kI/D]m-knI¿ ]©mw-K-{]--Wma-tØmsS (c≠p ssIIfpw,
Xebpw, c≠p Imep-Iƒ) - `K-hm≥ _p≤-s‚bpw, t_m[n-kz-Xz-
cp-tSbpw ap∂n¬ \{ainc-kvI-cmbn {]Wm-aw sNø-Ww. As√-
¶n¬ icocw apgp-\pw sIm≠v InS∂v BZ-chv {]I-Sn-∏n-°pI-bp-
amhmw.. [ym\km[\, [Ω-h§v, ]qPm-k-am]vXn Ch Ign™v
]pdØv t]mIp-∂-Xn-\v ap-ºmbn Hcp {]mh-iyw IqSn _p≤-s‚bpw,
t_m[n-kz-Xz-cp-sSbpw, cq]-ß-fpsS ap∂n¬ Xe-Ip-\n®p {]Wm-
aw sNø-Ww.
`K-hm≥_p-≤-t\bpw AXp-t]m-se- t_m[n-kz-Xzt-cbpw
Ah-cpsS apgp-h≥ cq]-ß--tf-bpw -\-a-kvImcw sNøpI. \-a-
kvIcn°pI F∂Xv Hcp {]Im-c-Øn-ep-ff BZ-chv {]Xn-\n-[m\w
sNøp-∂p. CXn-eqsS al-Øc-amb BZ¿i-ß-fpsS t\sc-bmWv
BZ-chv P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- CXv A‘-hn-izm-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´
Imcyßf√. t\tc-a-dn®v Cu BZ-chv B≤ymflnI ]c-º-c-bpsS18 19
{]Xo-I-cq-]-amWv. CXv \ΩpsS a\- n¬ (A¥:Ic-Ww) Db¿Øp-
∂-Xmb kt¥m-j-Øns‚ AYhm {]oXn-bpsS, D’mlXcw-K-
ß-fpsS {]-I-S-\-am-Wv. Hcn-°epw CXv AXymZc-thm, A‘hnizm-
ktam A√. t\scadn®v kºq¿Æ-amb t_m[w e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
th≠n-bp≈ Ncyam{X-am-Wv.
Xß-fpsS Df-fn¬ _p≤-Xz- _oPw- -sam´p-hn-cn®v ]q¿Æ-
t_m-[n-hr-£-ambn hnI-kn-°p-∂nSwhsc Xß-fpsS ap≥Km-an-I-
fmb _p≤≥, t_m[n-kXz¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS BZ¿i-ß-fn≥ta¬
BZ-chv \¬Ip-I-bmWv ]qPm-kq-NI {]Xo-I-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬
sNøp∂Xv. CXv shdpw {]Z¿i\w am{X-a√, adn®v kIm-c-mflI
`mh\ AYhm kIm-c-mflIamb Ipi¬ `mh\ hnI-kn-°p-∂-
Xn\v th≠n-bp-ff \ΩpsS ]cn-io-e-\hpw Hcp hninjvS
NcybpamWv.
\Ωƒ `K-hm≥ _p≤\pw, t_m[n-k-Xz¿°pw ap≥]v
kqNn-∏n-®-Xmb D]-lm-c-߃ A¿∏n-°p-∂Xp IqSmsX _lp-
am\]q¿Δ-amb BZ-chv k¬-°m-c-kz-cq-]-amb At±-lØns‚ al-
Ømb KpW-ß-tfmsSbp≈ kvXpXn ]men- `m-j-bn¬ h¿Æn-
°p∂ kq‡-ßsf H∂n®v Htc kzc-eb-tØm-Sp-IqSn D—m-cWw
sNøp-∂p. Cu ka-b-Øp-ff B[ymflnI A¥-co-£-Øn-¬ D∂-
Xm-h-kvX-bn-ep-ff Bg-ta-dnb `mh-\-\n-d-bp-∂p. {i≤bpw, a\-\-
tØm-Sp-ap-ff hμ\w \ap°v Hcp {]XyIX-c-Ø-ep-ff al-Xzhpw
B\-μhpw {]Zm\w sNøp-∂p.
C{]-Imcw _p≤w, [Ωw, kwLw- Xp-S-ßnb kzcq-] -
{Xn-c-Xv\-߃ _u≤[Ω-Øn-s‚ lrZ-b-am-Wv. `K-hm≥ _p≤≥
a\p-jys‚ kºq¿Æ hnIm-k-Øns‚ am¿§sØ {]Zm\w
sNøp∂ Kpcp am{X-a√, `K-hm≥ _p≤≥ kzbw kºq¿Æ-\mb
kw_p-≤-\m-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ kz\p- hsØ
B[m-c-am°n icn-bmb am¿§w˛(-Acnbm) AjvSmwK am¿§hpw,
AXns\ B[m-c-am°n \S-°p-∂-Xmb _p≤- n-£p-°-fpsS kwLw
(-Acnb) kwLhpamIp∂p.
Cu {Xnc-Xv\-ßfpsS t\sc-bp-ff \ΩpsS bYm¿∞
BZ-chv sIm≠v \ap°v temtIm-Ø-c-amb D∂--XnbpsS A\p`hw
e`n-°p-Ibpw, Cu BZ-chv, BZ-c-Wo-b-`m-h-Øn-ep-ff ]qP-bn¬
hy‡X D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
20 21
Suggested picture of Shrine
22 23
hμ\Ac-lMv kΩm-kw _pt≤m `K-hm, _p≤Mv `K-h-μMv A`n-hm-
tXao.
kzmKtXm `K-htXm [tΩm, [ΩMv \a- man.
kp∏-Sn-]-t∂m `KhtXm kmh-I-kw-MvtLm, kwLMv \am-an.
hμ\\tam X `K-htXm Ac-ltXm kΩmkw _p≤-
\tam X `K-htXm Ac-ltXm kΩmkw _p≤-
\tam X `K-htXm Ac-ltXm kΩmkw _p≤-
kc-W-Ø-bMv_p≤Mv kc-WMvv K—m-an.
[ΩMv kc-WMvv K—m-an.
kwLMv kc-WMvvK—m-an.
ZpXn-bav]n _p≤Mv kc-WMvv K—man.
ZpXn-bav]n [ΩMv kc-WMvv K—man.
ZpXn-bav]n kwLMv kc-WMvv K—man.
XXn-b-av]n _p≤Mv kc-WMvv K—m-an.
XXn-b-av]n [ΩMv kc-WMvv K—m-an.
XXn-b-av]n kwLMv kc-WMvvK—m-an.
hμ\Ac-lμv, kayIv kav_p≤v, K-hm≥, Cß-s\-bp-≈Xmb _p≤-
`-K-hms\ Rm≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. B `K-hm-\m¬ kzbw D]-tZ-
in-°-s∏-´-Xmb [ΩsØ Rm≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. kXvam¿K-
Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-X-amb `K-hms‚ "kmhI kwLsØ' Rm≥
\a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. (Hmtcm hμ-\m-k-a-bØpw ]©mwK {]Wmaw
sNøpI)
hμ\`Khm≥ Aclμv kayIv kav_p≤v Bb `Khms\
\akvIcn°p∂p.
`Khm≥ Aclμv kayIv kav_p≤v Bb `Khms\
\akvIcn°p∂p.
`Khm≥ Aclμv kayIv kav_p≤v Bb `Khms\
\akvIcn°p∂p.
{Xn icWwRm≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
Rm≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
Rm≥ kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
c≠maXpw Rm≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
c≠maXpw Rm≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
c≠maXpw Rm≥ kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
aq∂maXpw Rm≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
aq∂maXpw Rm≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
aq∂maXpw Rm≥ kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
24 25
]©kn-em\n]mWmXn]mXm thc-aWn, knIvJm]XMv kam-Z-n-bm-an.
AZn-∂m-Zm\m thc-aWn, knIvJm]XMv kam-Z-n-bm-an.
Imtakp anOm-Nmcm thcaWn, knIvJm]XMv kam-Z-n-bm-an.
apkm-hmXm thc-aWn, knIvJm]XMv ka-mZn-bm-an.
kpcm-˛-ta-c-bv-˛-a÷v ]am-Z-TvTmWm thc-a-Wn,. knIvJm ]XMv
kam-Zn-bm-an.
km[p, km[p, km[p,
kIm-cmflI ]©ioew1. ssa{Xn ]q¿Æamb I¿ΩØm¬ Rm≥ Fs‚ icocsØ
ip≤am°p∂p.
2. Xpd∂ a\t msS Zm\w sNbvXpsIm≠v Rm≥ Fs‚
icocsØ ip≤am°p∂p.
3. im¥nbpw kam[m\hpw k¥pjvSnbpw ]pe¿Øns°m≠v
Rm≥ Fs‚ icocsØ ip≤am°p∂p.
4. kXyk‘amb kwkmcØneqsS Rms\s‚ hm°pIsf
ip≤am°p∂p.
5. Pm{KXbpw hy‡Xbpw hnIkn∏n®psIm≠v Rms\s‚
a\ ns\ ip≤am°p∂p.
]©ioewRm≥ {]mWn-lnw-k-bn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥
Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.
Rm≥ tamj-W-kz-`m-h-Øn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥
Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.
Rm≥ ssewKnI Zp¿hm-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-
hm≥ Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.
Rm≥ AkXyw ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥
Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.
Rm≥ F√m-hn[ am[I-h-kvXp-°-fpsS D]-tbm-K-Øn¬\n∂pw
AI-∂p-\n¬°p-hm≥ Adnhp{Kln-°p-∂p.
1956 HIvtSm_¿ 14-\v [ΩZn£ kabØv t_m[nkXz
tUm. _n.B¿. Awt_ZvI¿ \Ωƒ°v ]d™pX∂
Ccp]Ønc≠v {]Xn⁄Iƒ.
1. Rm≥ {_“mhv, hnjvWp, atlizc≥ Chsc Cuizc\mbn
AwKoIcn°pItbm ]qPn°pItbm sNøpIbn√.
2. Rm≥ cmat\bpw IrjvWt\bpw Cuizc\mbn
AwKoIcn°pItbm ]qPn°pItbm sNøpIbn√.
3. Rm≥ Kucn KW]Xn CØcØn¬ lnμp [¿ΩØnse Hcp
tZhn tZh∑mscbpw Cuizc\mbn AwKoIcn°pItbm
]qPn°pItbm sNøpIbn√.
4. Cuiz -c≥ Ah-Xm -c -sa -SpØp F∂p-≈Xn¬ Rm≥
hnizkn°p∂n√.
5. `Khm≥ _p≤≥ hnjvWphns‚ AhXmcamsW∂Xv
\pWbpw _p≤nlo\amb {]NcWhpamsW∂pw Rm≥ a\-
knem°p∂p.
6. Rm≥ {im≤w sNøpItbm ]nWvUZm\w \¬IpItbm
sNøpIbn√.
7. Rm≥ _p≤ [¿ΩØn\v hncp≤ambn Hcp A]{]NcWhpw
sNøpIbn√.
8. Rm≥ Hcp XcØnep≈ I¿Ωßfpw {_“Ws‚
ssIIfm¬ sNøn°pIbn√.
9. F√m a\pjycpw ka∑mcmsW∂v Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p.
10. Rm≥ kaXzw ÿm]n°p∂Xn\pth≠n ]cn{ian°pw.
11. Rm≥ `Khm≥ _p≤≥ D]tZin® Bcy AjvSmwKam¿Kw
Fs‚ PohnXØn¬ ]n¥pScpw.
12. Rm≥ Khm≥ _p≤≥ D]tZin® ]Øp ]mcanXIƒ Fs‚
PohnXØn¬ ]n¥pScpw.
13. Rm≥ F√m PohnItfmSpw Zbm\p`qXnbpw IcpWbpw
D≈h\mbncn°pw.
14. Rm≥ tamjvSn°pIbn√.
15. Rm≥ \pW ]dbpIbn√.
16. Rm≥ hy`nNmcw sNøpIbn√.
17. Rm≥ aZy]n°pIbn√.
18. {]⁄, io¬, IcpW, _p≤ [ΩØnse Cu aq∂p
XXzßsf B[mcam°nbmbncn°pw Fs‚ \nXyhpap≈
PohnXw.
19. Rm≥ a\pjys‚ Db¿®bv°v lm\nIcambn \n¬°p∂Xpw
a\pjykaqlsØ kam\ambn ImWmXncn°pIbpw
sNøp∂ lnμp [¿ΩsØ Dt]£n°pIbpw _p≤
[¿ΩsØ kzoIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
20. _p≤ [ΩamWv bYm¿∞ [Ωsa∂v Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p.
21. C∂v F\n°v ]pXpP∑w e`n®ncn°p∂p. Aßs\ Rm≥
hnizkn°p∂p.
22. C\napX¬ `Khm≥ _p≤≥ D]tZin® [ΩØns‚
XØz߃ A\pkcn®v PohnXw \bn°psa∂v {]Xn⁄
FSp°p∂p.
26 27
_p≤-]qPmhÆ˛-K\v‘ KptWm-t]-XMv
GXMv Ipkp-a-k¥Xn
]qP-bman ap\n\vZ kncn-]mZ ktcm-cqtl(1)
]qtPan _p≤Mv Ipkp-ta\ t\\,
]ptø\ tatØ\ e`man tamIv-JMv.
]p^Mv anem-bXn bYm C[-Mvta,
Imtbm XYm- bmXn hn\m-k-`m-hMv (2)
L\-km-c-∏-Zn-tØ-\, Zot]\ [aZwkn-\m.
XntemI Zn]Mv kwav_p-≤-Mv ]qP-bman
Xtam-\p-ZMv (3)
kpK‘n Imb hZ-\-Mv, A\\vX ˛Kp-W-˛-K-‘n-\m.
kpK‘n-\m, lMv Kt‘-\, ]qP-bman XYm-K-XMv (4)
_p≤Mv [ΩMv N kwLMv kpK-X-X-\p-`hm
[mXthm [mXp-K-_vt`.
eMvImbMv Pav_p-Zot] XnZ-k-]p-c-htc
\mK-temtI N Yqt] (5)
k_vt_ _p≤ _navt∫
kI-e-Z-k-Zntk tIk-tem-am-Zn-[mXpMv htμ.
k_vt_]n _p≤Mv Zk-_-e-X-\p-PMv
t_m[n tNØn-bMv \aman (6)
hμman tNXn-bMv k_v_Mv k_v_Õm-t\kp
]Xn-´n-XMv
kmcn-coI ˛ [mXp alm-t_m[n
_p≤-cq-]Mv kI-eMv kZm (7)
_p≤ ˛ ]qP1. \ndßfmepw kpK‘Ømepw tNtXmlcamb
]pjv]߃sIm≠v tIm¿Ø ameIfm¬ Rm≥ `Khm≥
_p≤s‚ ]flkam\amb ]mZßsf ]qPn°p∂p.
2. Cu ]phIƒsIm≠v Rm≥ _p≤s\ ]qPn-°p-∂p. Cu
kXvI¿Ωw-sIm≠v F\n°v \n¿ΔmWw e`n°pw. Cu
]qhpIƒ F{]Imcw hmSnt∏mIp∂pthm A{]Imcw Fs‚
icochpw hn\miØn\v {]m]vXamIpw.
3. A‘ImcsØ C√mXm°ns°m≠v Pzen®p\n¬°p∂
Zo]sØt∏mse aq∂p temIßfnsebpw A⁄m\amhp∂
A‘ImcsØ C√mXm°p∂ Zo]Xpeyamb `Khm≥
_p≤s\ Rm≥ ]qPn°p∂p.
4. kpK‘bp‡amb icochpw apJhpap≈h\mb A\¥
KWßfmIp∂ kpK‘wsIm≠v (kp-K-‘-Øns‚ K‘w)
XYmKXs\ Rm≥ ]qP sNøp∂p.
5. _p≤w, [Ωw, kwLw F∂nhtbbpw {ioe¶, P_pZzo]v,
\mKtemIv , XnZk]pcw F∂nhnSßfn¬
ÿnXnsNøp∂Xmb kXvkvXq]ßfn¬ Khm≥ _p≤s‚
GsX√mw icocmhinjvS߃ ÿm]n®ncn°p∂pthm
Ahsb√mw Rm≥ {]Wan°p∂p.
6. ]Øv Zn°pIfnepw hym]n®ncn°p∂Xmb Khm≥ _p≤s‚
tIi˛temaw XpSßnb AhinjnSßfn¬ GsX√mw
cq]ßfpt≠m Ahtbbpw, F√m _u≤tcbpw Zi_e
X\pP≥amtcbpw, t_m[nNnØsØbpw Rm≥
\akvIcn°p∂p.
7. F√m ÿeßfnepw {]XnjvTn®ncn°p∂Xmb ssNXy,
_ p ≤ i c o c Ø n s ‚ A h i n j v S ß t f b p w
almt_m[nhr£tØbpw _p≤ {]XnaItfbpw Rm≥
kZm hμn°p∂p.
28 29
{XncXv\ hμ\m
_p≤- h-μ\mCXn ]n tkm `Khm Ac-l-Mv,
kΩm-k-aw-_p-t≤m,
hn÷mNcWkwav]-t∂m, kpKtXm
temIhn[p, A\p-Øtcm,
]pcn-k-[-Ω-km-c-Yn, kXv[m tZh˛
a\p- m-\Mv, _pt≤m `K-hmXn
_p≤Mv PohnX ]cy-¥Mv kc-WMv KOman (1)
tb N _p≤m -A-Xn-Xm -N, tb N _p≤m A\m-KXm
N®p-]-∂m N tb _p≤m, AlMv hμman k_v_Zm (2)
\Xv[n ta kc-WMv AøMv, _pt≤mta
kc-WMv hcMv
GtX\ k®-h-t÷\ tlmXp ta Pb-aw-K-fMv (3)
DØ-a-MvtK\ htμ- lMv ]mZ-]wkp hcq-Ø-aMv
_pt≤ tbm JentXm tZmtkm,
_pt≤m JaXp Xavva-aMv (4)
[Ω hμ\kzmIv-JmtXm `K-hXm [tΩm
kμn-SvTntIm AIm-entIm
Gln-]- ntIm H]-\m-øntIm
]®-XMvv thZn-Xt_m hnøq-ln Xn
{XncXv\ hμ\m_p≤ hμ\
`Khm≥ Acl¥v BIp∂p. kway°vkw _p≤\mWv. F√m
kZvhnZyIfmepw kZmNmcßfmepw bp‡\mWv. kZvKXnbv°v
{]m]vX\mWv. kIe temIßsf°pdn®pw Adnhp≈h\mWv.
k¿Δ t{ijvT\mWv. (hgnbdnbmsX Dgep∂ IpXncIsft∏mse)
Dgep∂ BfpIsf icnbmb am¿KØn¬ sIm≠phcp∂
ka¿∞\mb kmcYnbmWv. tZh≥amcptSbpw a\pjycptSbpw
BNmcy\pamWv.
1. Rm≥ PohnXw apgph≥ _p≤s\ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
2. `qXImeØv GXv _p≤≥ D≠mbncp∂pthm, hcpwImeØv
GXv _p≤≥ D≠mIptam AX√ h¿Øam\ImeØv GXv
_p≤≥ \nehnept≠m Rm≥ Ahscsb√mw F√mbvt∏mgpw
{]Wan°p∂p.
3. _p≤≥ F∂ DØa icWa√msX as‰mcp icWw
F\n°n√. Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw
D≠mIs´.
4. Rm≥ _p≤`Khms‚ k¿thmØaamb NcW [qfnIsf
inc m \an°p∂p. GsX¶nepw Adnhn√mbvasIm≠v
_p≤s\ {]Xn F∂n¬\n∂v Fs¥¶nepw sX‰ps≠¶n¬
`Khm≥ _p≤≥ Ft∂mSv £an°q.
[Ω hμ\`Khm≥ _p≤s‚ [Ω߃ icnbmb D]tZin®n´p≈XmWv.
AXv icnbmb ImgvN∏mSv {]Zm\wsNøp∂p. DS≥Xs∂ ^ew
\¬Ip∂hbpamWv. ÿe-Im-e-߃°v AXo-X-am-Wv. hcn-Ibpw
ImWp-Ibpw sNøp-I. Chsb ]co£n®dnbpI F∂v
]dbp∂Xn\p tbmKyamWv. CXv \n¿ΔmWw hscFØn°p∂Xpw hnZzm≥amcm¬ Adnbp∂Xn\v tbmKyhpamWv.
30 31
[Ωßv PohnX ]cy-¥Mv kc-WMv KOman (1)
tbN [Ωm AXnXm N tb N [Ωm A\m-KXm
]®p-∏∂m N tb [Ωm,
AlMv hμman k∫Zm (2)
\XvYn ta kc-WMv Aøav
[tΩm ta kc-WMv hcMv
GtX\ k®-h-t÷\ tlmXp ta Pb-aw-K-fMv (3)
DØ-aw-PvtK\ h\vtZ lMv, [Ω-N- Zp-hn-[Mv hcMv
[tΩ tbm JentXm tZmtkm,
[tΩm JaXp Xavva-aMv (4)
kwL hμ\mkp∏-Sn-]t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kw-MvtLm,
DPp-]-Sn-∏t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kwMvtLm,
Rbm-∏-Sn-]t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kwMvtLm,
kman-Nn-∏-Sn-]t∂m `K-htXm kmh-I-kwMvtLm,
bZn-ZMv NØmcn ]pcn-k-bp-Km\n ASvT]pcnk ]p§em
Gk `K-htXm kmhI kwMvtLm,
Blp-t\-tøm, ]mlp-t\tøm, ZIvJn-tWtbm
ARvP-en-I-c-Wn-tbm, A\p-ØcMv
]pø-tJ-XMv temI- m Xn
1. Rm≥ PohnXw apgph≥ [ΩsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
2. `qXImeØv GXv [Ωw D≠mbncp∂pthm, hcpwImeØv
GXp [Ωw D≠mIptam AX√ h¿Øam\ImeØv GXv
[Ωw \nehnept≠m Rm≥ Ahsbsb√mw F√mbvt∏mgpw
{]Wan°p∂p.
3. [Ωw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°p as‰mcp icWan√.
Cu kXy-h-N-\-Øn¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw D≠mIs´.
4. Rm≥ c≠pXcØnep≈ (hyhlmcncIhpw
]cam¿∞nIhpamb) t{ijvT [¿Ωßsf inc m \an°p∂p.
Fs¥¶nepw Adnhn√mbvasIm≠v [ΩsØ {]Xn
F∂n¬\n∂v Fs¥¶nepw sX‰ps≠¶n¬ [Ωw Ft∂mSv
£an°q.
kwL hμ\m`Khms‚ kmhI kwLw (injykwLw) DØa am¿KØn¬
{]XnjvTnXambXmWv. `Khms‚ kmhI kwLw
kcfam¿Kßfn¬ {]XnjvTnXamWv. `Khms‚ {imhI kwLw
\ymbam¿KØn¬ Db¿Øs∏´XmWv. Khms‚ {imhIv kwLw
DNnXamb am¿KØn¬ Db¿Øs∏´XmWv.
`Khms‚ Cu {imhIv kwLw \mev {]ImcØn¬
FØnt®cp∂Xmb bpKvaßfmepw F v {]ImcØnep≈ t{ijvT
]pcpjcmepw hn`qjnXamWv.
Ch¿ £Wn°s∏Sp∂Xn\v tbmKyamWv. Ah¿ BXnYy
kXvImc߃°v tbmKyamWv. Ch¿°v Zm\w \¬Ip∂Xn\v
tbmKyamWv. CXv temIØns‚ \∑bpsS k¿tΔmØa ]pWy-
I¿Ω-ß-fpsS t{imX pw k¿Δ P\ßfpsSbpw bYm¿∞
kplrØpamWv.
32 33
kwLMv Pohn-XMv ]cy-¥Mv ic-WMv KOman (1)
tb N kwLm- A-Xn-Xm -N tb N kwLm A\m-KXm
]®p-∏∂m N tb kwMvLm, AlMv hμman k∫vZm (2)
\XvZn ta kc-WMv AøavMv,
kwtLm ta kc-WMv hcMv
GtX\ k®-h-t÷\ tlmXp ta PbawK-fMv (3)
DØ-aw-tK\, h\-tZ -lMv
kwLMv Xnhn[p-Ø-aMv
kwtL tbm JentXm tZmt m,
kwtLm JaXp XMva-aMv (4)
1. Rm≥ PohnXw apgph\pw kwLsØ icWw {]m]n°p∂p.
`qXImeØpw, `mhnImeØnepw
h¿Øam\ImeØnepap≈ F√m kwLßtfbpw Rm≥
hμn°p∂p.
2. `qXImeØv GXv kwLw D≠mbcp∂pthm, hcpwImeØv
GXp kwLw D≠mIptam AX√ h¿Øam\ImeØv GXv
kwLw \nehnept≠m Rm≥ Ahsbsb√mw F√mbvt]mgpw
{]Wan°p∂p.
3. kwLw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°v as‰mcp
icWan√. Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw
D≠mIs´.
4. aq∂p {]ImcØm¬ (ico-cw, hN- v, a\ v) DØahpw
]hn{Xhpamb kwLsØ Rm≥ inc m \an°p∂p.
Fs¥¶nepw Adnhn√mbvasIm≠v kwLØns‚ t]cn¬
F∂n¬\n∂v Fs¥¶nepw sX‰ps≠¶n¬ kwLw Ft∂mSv
£an°q.
* kmhI kwLØnse tPmSnIƒ: t{imXm]∂ am¿Khpw
^e{]m]vXnbpw kIrZKman am¿Khpw ^e{]m]vXnbpw A\mKman
am¿Khpw ^e{]m]vXnbpw _p≤ am¿Khpw ^e{]m]vXnbpw
* kmhI kwLØnse F´v cq]߃ (IΩ߃)
(1) kvt{XmX]∂ am¿Kv {]m]vXn (2) kvt{XmX]∂ e{]m]vXn
(3) kIrXKman am¿Kv {]m]vXn (4)kIrXKman ^e{]m]vXnv
(5) A\Kman am¿K{]m]vXn (6) A\Kman {]m]vXn
(7) _p≤ am¿Kv {]m]vXn (8) _p≤ ^e{]m]vXn
34 35
alm-aw-Ke kpØv_lp tZhm a\p- m N aMvvK-em\n ANn≥-X-bpMv
BI-MvJ-am\m tkmXv[m-\Mv {_qln awMvvKeapX-aMv (1)
Atk-h-\m N _me-\Mv ]fin-Xm-\N tkh\m
]qPm N ]qP-\n-bm\vMv GXMv aMvKewapX-aMv (2)
]Xn-cp-]-tZkhmtkm N, ]p_vt_ N I-X-]p-øXm
AØ-k-Ωm-]-Wn-[n N FXvMv aMvKeapX-aMv (3)
_mlp-kNMv N kn∏Mv N
hn\tbm N kp-kn-IvJntXm
kp`m-kn-XmN bm hmNm GXMv aMvKeapX-aMv (4)
amXm ˛ ]nXp D]-Sv-Tm-\Mv ]pØ-Zm-c kMvvKtlm
A\m-Ipem N IΩ-¥m GXMv aMvvKe -ap-X-aMv (5)
Zm\-¨N [Ω-N-cnbm N RmX-Im-\Mv N kwLtlm
A\-h-÷m\n IΩm\n GXMv aMvKe -ap-X-aMv (6)
BcXn hncXn ]m] a÷-]m\m N køtam
A∏-amtZm N [tΩkp GXMv aMvKe-ap-X-aMv (7)
almawKf kq‡w1. awKfImcy߃ sNøp∂Xnep≈ B{KltØmSpIqSn
tZh≥amcpw a\pjycpw awKfImcyßsf∏‰n hfscb[nIw
BtemNn°p∂p. DØaamb awKfImcy߃
F¥m√mamsW∂v Xm¶ƒ ]d™pX∂mepw (XYmKX≥
]d™p).
2. _p≤nlo\≥amcpambp≈ kwk¿§w Hgn -hm -°pI.
hnZzm≥amcpambp≈ Iq´psI´v D≠mIpIbpw AXpt]mse
]qPnt°≠hsc ]qPn°pIbpw sNøpI. CXv DØa
awKfImcyamIp∂p.
3. DNnXamb ÿm\ßfn¬ \nhkn°pI. ap‡n-bpsS am¿K-
Øn¬ DNnX- I¿Ω-߃ sNbvXv icn-bmb ]mX-bn¬ Ncn-
°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. ChbmWv DØa awKfImcyw.
4. hn⁄m-\-ap≈ Bfm-bn-Øo-cpI, inev] Nn{X-I-e-Ifpw a‰pw
]Tn°pI, hninjvSamb kulrZw D≠m°pI, t{ijvTamb
hnZyIƒ t\SpI, kp`mjnX bp‡amb hm°pIƒ
D≠mbncn°pI ChbmWv DØaamb awKfImcy߃.
5. amXm]nXm°sf tkhn°pI, `mcysbbpw Ip´nIsfbpw
]cn]men°pI, bmsXmcphn[ sX‰mb {]h¿ØnIfpw
sNømXncn°pI CXv DØa awKfImcyamIp∂p.
6. Zm\w \¬IpI, [Ωw BNcn°pI, _‘pP\ßsf
BZcn°pIbpw kXvIcn°pIbpw sNøpI, tZmjan√mØ
Imcy߃ sNøpI ˛ Ch DØa awKfßfmIp∂p.
7. icocwsIm≠pw a\kpsIm≠pw hm°psIm≠pap≈
Xn∑Iƒ Dt]£n°pI. aZy]n°mXncn°pI, Bekyw
IqSmsX [m¿anI Imcyßfn¬ XXv]ccmIpI Ch DØa
awKfßfmIp∂p.
36 37
Kmcthm N \nhmtXm N k≥XpSvTn N IX-øpXm
Imte\ [Ω kmh-WMv GXMv aMvvKe-ap-X-aMv (8)
J¥oN tkmh-N- Xm ka-Wm-\MvvN Z -\Mv
Imte\ [Ω-km-IOm GXMvv aMvKe-ap-X-aMv (9)
Xmt]m N {_“-N-cnbm N (10)
Acn-b-k-®m \ Z -\Mv
^pSvT temI-[-tΩln NnØMv b \ Iav]Xn
Atkm-IMv hnc-PMv tJaMv GXMv aMvvKeap-X-aMv (11)
GXm-Zn-km\n IXvhm\ k_v_XMv A]-cm-PnXm
k_v_Xv[ tkmXv[n KO-≥Xn Xw tXkMv
aMKveap‡-aMvXn (12)
8. BZ-chv D≈-h-cm-c-Ip-I, hn\bap≈hcmbn Ccn°pI,
kt¥mjap≈hcmbncn°pI, IrX⁄Xbp≈hcmIpI,
DNnX kabØv [Ωw tIƒ°pI ˛ Ch DØa
awKfImcyßfmIp∂p.
9. im¥ioeap≈hcmIpI, kuay-amb mjWw D≈-h-cm-IpI,
{ia-Wsc Z¿in°pI, DNnXkabØv [Ω N¿®Iƒ
\SØpI Ch DØa awKfßfmIp∂p.
10. [ym\w, {_“Ncyw Ch A\pjvTn°pI, Acnb
kXyßsfbpw Z¿i\ßsfbpw \n¿ΔmWsØbpw
km£mXvIcn°pI ˛ Ch DØa awKfßfmIp∂p.
11. temI[Ωßfm¬* BcpsS a\kmtWm
hyXnNen°mXncn°p∂Xv Ah¿ timIclnXcpw
\n¿Ωecpw AXpt]mse \n¿`btØmsS
Pohn°p∂hcpamIp∂p. Ch DØa awKfImcyßfmhp∂p.
12. C{]Imcap≈ Imcy߃ sNbvXv k¿Δ{X A]cmPnXcmbn
Xocp∂ BfpIƒ sFizcyw {]m]n°p∂p. CXv
Ah¿°pth≠nbp≈ (tZh∑m¿°pw a\pjy¿°pw) DØa
awKfßfmIp∂p.
* em`w AXpt]mse \jvSw, Io¿Øn AXpt]mse A]Io¿Øn,
\nμn°pI AXpt]mse kvXpXn°pI Ch F´pw temIØns‚ (tem-
I-[-Ωw) kz`mhamIp∂p.
38 39
IcWnb saØ kpØvIcWnbsaØ Ipk-te-\,
bMvXMv kXMv ]ZMv A`n-k-ta-®m.
kt°m DPp N kqPpN, kph-tNm- N- -apZp A\-Xn-am\n (1)
k¥p- tIm N kp`tcm N A∏-Int®m N k√-lp-IhpØn.
k\vXn{Zntbm N \n]-tIm-N, A∏-K_vt`m
Iptekp A\-\p-Knt≤m (2)
\ N JpZMv kam-Ntc InOn, tb\ hnøpMv ]tc-Mv, D]-h-tZ-øq.
kpIvJnt\m hm tJant\m tlm≥Xp,
kt∫ kØm `h≥Xp kpJn-XØm (3)
tb tINn ]mWm- p-XXv[n, Xkm hm [mhcm hm A\-h-tk-km.
ZnLm hm tb al≥Xm hm,
a÷nam c -Im-Wp-I-[qem (4)
ZnSvTm hm tb hm BZnSvTm, tb N Zptc
hk≥Xn Ahn-Zp-tc.
`pXm hm kav-`-thkn hm,
kt∫ kØm `h≥Xp kpJn-XØm (5)
\]tcm ]cMv \nIp-t∫[, Rmb-atø [
IXv[ Nn\Mv InOn
hvbmtcm-k\m ]Sn-L-k-øm, \mø-a-ø
ZpIvJ antOøm (6)
IcWnb saØ kpØv1 . im¥n]mZØn¬ (\n¿ΔmWw) {]m]n°p∂Xn\v
B{Kln°p∂h¿ awKf I¿Ωßfn¬ \n]pWycmIWw.
Fs¥∂m¬ Ah¿ tbmKycpw kcfcpw, AXy¥
efnXcpamIWw. AhcpsS I¿Ω߃ kpμchpw a[pchpw
hn\oXhpambncn°Ww.
2. Ah¿ kt¥mjap≈hcpw klPmXs∂
A`nhr≤nbp≈hcpw, km[mcW PohnXw
\bn°p∂hcpambncn°s´! AhcpsS C{μnb߃
im¥ambncn°pw. Ah¿ _p≤nbp≈hcpw Aev]`mjnIfpw
Ipeßfn¬ Bk‡n clnXcpambncn°pw.
3. AØcØnep≈h¿ Hcn°epw Hcp sNdnb sX‰p-Iƒt]mepw
sNøp-I-bn√ Fs¥-∂m¬ t{ijvT hy‡n-Iƒ kkqjvaw
a\-kn-em-°n AXnse sX‰p-Iƒ Is≠-Øpw. F√m
PohnIfpw kpJw e`n°p∂hcpw sFizcy X¬]ccpw
AXy[nIw k¥pjvScpamIs´.
4. Nen-°p-∂tXm As√¶n¬ ÿnc-ap-≈tXm Zo¿Ltam
As√¶n¬ alØmbtXm a[yaambtXm As√¶n¬
{lkzambtXm, AWpthm, ÿqetam, ImWs∏Sp∂tXm.
5. ASptØm As√¶n¬ AIsebp≈tXm D≠mbtXm
As√¶n¬ `mhnbn¬ D≠mtb°mhp∂tXm Bb
F{Xam{Xw PohnIfpt≠m Ahsb√mw
kpJap≈hcmbncn°s´.
6. H∂v as‰m∂nt\mS v bmsXmcphn[ h©\bpw
sNømXncn°s´, At\ym\yw A]am\n°mXncn°s´,
ssha\kyhpw hntcm[hpw ImcWw ]ckv]cw ZpxJØn\v
CSbm°mXncn°s´.
40 41
amXm b[m \nbMv ]pØ-Mv,
Bbpkm GI-]pØ a\p-cIvtJ.
Fhva]n kt∫-˛-`p-tX-kp, am\-kMv `mhtb
A]-cn-am-WMv (7)
taØvN k_v_ ˛ temI-kvan-Mvv, am\-kMv
`mhtb A]-cn-am-W-Mv.
D±Mv AtZm N Xncn-bNvN,
Ak-av_m-ZMv Ath-cMv Ak-]-XMv (8)
XnSvTMv NcMv \nknt∂m hm, kbmt\m hm
bmh-X _nK-X-an-\vtZm.
GXMv kXnMv A[n--tSvTøm,
{_“ taXMv hnlm-cMv CZ-amlp (9)
ZnSvTnN A\p-]-K-Ω, koehm Z -t\\ kav]t∂m
Imtakp hnt\-ø -tK-Z-Mv, \ ln PmXp K_v` tkbMv
]p\-tc-Xn Xn (10)
cXv\-kpØvbm\n[ `pXm\n kam-K-Xm-\n, `pΩm\n hmbm\n h
A\vXfnIvtJ.
kt∫ h `pXm kpa\m `h-¥p, AtYm ]n
kIvI® kpW\vXp `mkn-XMv (1)
Xkvam ln `pXm \nkm-ta[ kt∫, taXvMvv
Itcm[ am\p-knb ]Pm-b.
Znhm N ctØm N lc\vXntb hen-Mv,
Xkvam ln t\ cI--J[ A∏-aØm (2)
7. F{]ImcamtWm amXmhv kz¥w Poh\v hne \¬ImsX
Xs‚ GIk¥m\sØ kwc£n°p∂Xv AXpt]mse F√m
PnhnItfmSpw kvt\l`mhw h¿≤n°s´.
8. bmsXmcphn[ XS tam sshcytam i{XpXtbm IqSmsX
Db¿®˛ Xmg vNtbmSpIqSnbXpw Zo¿Lhpw
{lkzhpambXpamb temIØnse F√m PohPmeßtfmSpw
AXncn√mØ kvt\l`mhw As√¶n¬ ssa{Xo`mhw
h¿≤n°s´.
9. \n¬°ptºmgpw \S°ptºmgpw Ccn°ptºmgpw
Nen°ptºmgpw Ft∏mƒ hsc DW¿∂ncn°p∂pthm,
At∏mƒ hscbpw, B¿°mtWm CØcØnep≈
ssa{Xn`mh\bn¬ kvarXnbp≈Xv Aßs\bp≈hsc
ssa{Xn {_“hnlm¿ F∂p ]dbp∂p.
10. Aßs\bp≈h¿ anYymZrjvSnbn¬ s]SmsX ioehm\pw
/ ioemhXnIfpw hnip≤ Z¿i\ßtfmSp IqSnbp≈hcpw,
Ima˛XrjvWsb \in∏n®hcpw BIp-∂p. AØcap≈
hnin-jvS-hy-‡n-Iƒ ho≠pw kwkm-cnI temI-Øn¬ P∑w
FSp-°n-√.
cXv\-kpØv1. C{]Imcw `qanbnepw BImiØpw F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ
Dt≠m Ahsb√mw {]k∂cmbncn°pIbpw Cu hm°pIsf
BZc]q¿hw tIƒ°pIbpw sNøs´.
2. k¿Δ PohPmeßfpw tIƒ°q. a\pjytcmS v
ssa{Xnbp≈hcmIpI. F√mbvt∏mgpw ]cn]men°pIbpw
Ahsc c£n°pIbpw sNøs´.
42 43
bMv In®n hnØMv C[ hm lpcMv hm,
ktKkp hm bMvv cX-\Mvv ]Wn-X-Mv.
\ t\m kavMv AXv[n X[m-K-tX-\, CZav]n
_pt≤ cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv.
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (3)
JbMv hncm-KMv Aa-XMv ]Wn-X-Mv,
bZ-P-’Km kIy-ap\n kam-ln-tXm.
\tX\ [tΩ\ ka-XYn InNvOn, CZav]n [tΩ
cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv GtX\ ktN\
kph\v[n tlmXp (4)
bMv _p≤tktTvTm ]cn-hÆvbn kpNn-Mv,
kam-[n-am-\-≥-X-cn-I-R-am-lp.
kam-Zo\m tX\ ktam \ ktam\ hn÷-Xn,
CZ-av]n [tΩ cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv
btX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (5)
tb ]pKem ASvT kXMv
]k-Xv[m, NXmcn FXm\n bpKm\n tlm≥Xn.
tX ZIvJn-tWøm kpK-X m kmh-Im,
GtXkp Zn∂m\n al-]v^-em-\n.
CZav]n kwtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv,
GtX\ kt®\ kph-Xv[n tlmXp (6)
tb kp∏-bpØm am\-km-Z-tf-lv\ \nIvImant\m
KuX-akmk\avln
tX]-Øn-]Øm Aa-XMv hnKøvl,
e≤m ap[m \n∫pXnMv `p÷-am-\m.
CZav]n kwtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (7)
44 45
3. Cu temItØm ]c-tem-ItØm D≈ Aaq-ey-\n-[n-bm-bmepw
kz¿K-Ønse G‰hpw DØa cXv\-am-bmepw Ah-sbm∂pw
_p≤-t\mfw t{ijvT-a-√. _p≤≥ kzbw DØ-a-c-Xv\-am-Ip-
∂p. Cu kXy-h-N-\-߃ awK-f-I-c-am-I-s´.
4. imIyap\n ip≤-k-am-[n-bn-eqsS kzmb-Ø-am-°nb \n¿ΔmWw
A\-iz-chpw k¿Δ-t{i-jvT-hp-am-Wv. XrjvW-bn¬\n∂p
tamN\w t\Sp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. Cu [Ωw A\n¿h-N-\o-b-amWv.
Cu [Ωw DØacXv\w BIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃
awKfIcamIs´.
5. ]cat{ijvT\mb `Khm≥ _p≤≥ GXv ]hn{Xamb
kam[nbpsS X¬Ime ^eZmbsØbmWv am‰nadn®Xv B
kam[n°v kam\ambn as‰mcp t{ijvTXbn√. CXp-sIm≠v
[Ωw DØa cXv\amIp -∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃
awKfIcamIs´.
6. GXp _p≤am¿K-Øn-emtWm {]iwkn°s∏´Xmb F´p
XcØnep≈ hy‡nXzßfpw \mev tPmSnIfpw
D≠mbncn°p∂Xv. B _p≤˛injy¿ Z£nW \¬Ip∂Xn\v
tbmKycmIp∂p. Ch¿°v Zm\w \¬Ip∂Xv alØcamIp∂p.
ChcpsS kwLw DØa cXv\amWv. Cu kXyhN\-߃
awKfIcamIs´.
7. GsXmcmfmtWm KuXa_p≤s‚ imk\ßfn¬ XrjvW
IqSmsX ZrVa\t mSpIqSn kwtbmPn®ncn°p∂Xv. Ah¿
{]m]n°p∂Xn¬h®v G‰hpw alØmb {]⁄sb
t{ijvTambn ]m\wsNbvXv hnap‡nckw BkzZn°p∂p.
Chcpw kwLØns‚ DØacXv\ßfmWv. Cu
kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.
b[n-μ-Jntem ]mThnMvv kntXm knbm,
NXp_v`n hmtXln Aka-v]-I-av]n-tbm.
X[p-]-aMv kp∏-cn-kMv hZm-an,
tbm Acn-b-k-®m\n Ath® ] -Xn.
CZ-av]n kwtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (8)
tb Acn-b-k-®m\n hn`m-h-b≥-Xn,
Kw-`o-c-]-tø\ kptZ-kn-Xm-\n.
InMvOm]n tX tlm≥Xn `p -∏-a-Ø,
\ tX `hMv ASvT-aMv BZn-b≥Xn.
CZav]n kwMvtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (9)
klm-h Z \kav]-Zmb
Xb p [Ωm PlnXm `h≥Xn.
k°mbZnSvTn hnNn-InOn XMv Nv,
kne-∫vXMv hm ]n bZXv[n -In®n
NXpl]mtbln N hn∏aptØm,
ONm`nTm-\m\n A`t∫m ImXp-Mv.
CuZav]n kwMvtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (10)
In®m]n, tkm IΩMv ItcmXn ]m]-IMv
Imtb\ hmNm DZ tNXkm hm.
A`t∫m tkm X ]Sn-—mZm-b, A`-∫Xm
ZnSvT]Z hpØm.
CZav]n kwMvtL cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv.
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (11)
46 47
8. Np‰pap≈ Im‰psIm≠v `qanbnse C{μnb hnImcßfpsS
Iq\ F{]ImcamtWm CfImXncn°p∂Xv A{]Imcw Cf-
Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-hsc Rm≥ kXv]pcpj∑m¿ F∂v hnfn°p∂p.
Fs¥∂m¬, Ah¿ BcykXyßsf icnbmb cq]Øn¬
⁄m\h¿[\hn\pth≠n t\m°n°mWp∂p. Chcpw
kwLØnse DØa cXv\ßfmWv. Cu kXyhN\߃
awKfIcamIs´.
9. _p≤\m¬ D]tZin® Acnb -k-Xy-߃ Bscm-s°-bmtWm
hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw A\p-`-hn®v Adn-bp-Ibpw
sNbvXXv Ah¿ APm-{K-X-cm-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw F´masXmcp
-P-∑w-IqSn FSp-°p-∂n-√. kwLØn¬ CXpw DØ-a-c-Xv\-am-
Ip-∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.
10. Z¿i\ {]m]vXns°m∏w Xs∂ Hcph\nse aq∂p
_‘\ßfpw C√mXmIp∂p ˛ AXmbXv, kImb ZrjvSn,
hnNnIn—, ine{hX ]cma¿iv As√¶n¬ AXpt]mse a‰v
bmsXmcp _‘\ßfpw C√mXmIp∂p. Ah¿ \mev
A]mbßfn¬\n∂pw ap‡cmIp∂p. Bdv sX‰mb
I¿aßfn¬ Hcn°epw G¿s∏Sp∂pan√. Chcpw
kwLØns‚ DØacXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃
awKfIcamIs´.
11. icocw, hm°v, a\ v Chbm¬ sX‰mb I¿Ω߃ sNøp∂p.
]t£, Ah¿°v Ahbn¬\n∂pw ad™ncn°m≥ Ignbn√.
F¥psIms≠∂m¬ \n¿ΔmW Z¿inIƒ CØcw
Hfn®ncn∏pIfn¬ Aka¿∞cmWv. Chcpw kwLØn¬
DØa cXv\ßfmWv. Cu kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.
h\-∏-Kpavt_ bYm ^p n-X-tK,
Knavlm-\-amtk ]T-a-kvanMv Knavsl
X[p-]-aMv [Ω-h-cMv AtZ-k-bn,
\n∫m-W-Km-anMv ]c-aMv lnXm-b.
CZav]n _pt≤ cX-\Mv ]Wn-XMv
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (12)
htcm hcøq hctZm hcm-l-tcm,
A\p-Øtcm [Ω-h-cMv AtZ-k-bn.
CZav]n _pt≤ cX-\Mv ]Wn-X-Mv,
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (13)
JoWMv ]pcm-WMv \hMvv \Xv[n kw`-h-Mv,
hnc-Ø-NnØm Bb-XntI `h-kvan-Mv.
tX JnW-_oPm Ahn-cp-ƒl-nO-μm,
\n∫-\vXn [ocm bYm-b-av-]Zot]m
CZav]n kwMvtL cXv\Mv ]Wn-XMv
GtX\ kt®\ kphXv[n tlmXp (14)
bm\n[ `pXm\n kam-K-Xm-\n, `pΩm\n
hm bm\n h A\vXfnIvtJ
X[m-K-XMv tZha\p ]qPn-XMv
_p≤Mv \a- ma kphX[n tlmXp (15)
bm\n[ `pXm\n kam-K-Xm-\n, `pΩm\n hm bm\n
h A\vXfnIvtJ
X[m-K-XMv tZha\p ]qPn-XMv
48 49
12. F{]ImcamtWm hk¥EXphns‚ Bcw`Øn¬ h\ßfpw
Ip‰n°mSpIfpw ]pjv]nXamIp∂Xv, AXp-t]mse `K-hm≥
_p≤≥ \¬Inb t{ijvT [ΩØns‚ D]tZiw \n¿ΔmW
{]m]vXn°p≈Xpw ]ca lnXImcnbpamIp∂p. Chbpw
_p≤\n¬ DØa cXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃
awKfIcambncn°s´.
13. t{ijvT \n¿ΔmWØns‚ ZmXmhv, t{ijvT [ΩØns‚
tPXmhv, t{ijvT am¿KØns‚ \n¿tZiI≥, t{ijvT
temtImØc\mb _p≤≥ DØa [ΩØns‚ D]tZiw
\¬Ip∂p. Chbpw _p≤\n¬ DØa cXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu
kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.
14. F√m ]gb {]h¿Ø\ßfpw £bn®pt]mbn. ]pXnb
DXv]∂߃ D≠mIp∂pan√. AhcpsS NnØw
]pXpPoh\m¬ hnc‡ambncn°p∂p. Ah¿ £bn®
_oPambn amdp∂p. AhcpsS B{Klw
Ahkm\n®ncn°p∂p. F∂m¬, Ahcpw Cu Zo]Øn\p
ap≥]n¬ \n¿ΔmWØn\v {]m]vXcmWv. Chbpw
kwLØnse DØa cXv\ßfmIp∂p. Cu kXyhN\߃
awKfIcamIs´.
15. Cu kabw Cu `qanbn¬ As√¶n¬ BImiØn¬
F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ hkn-°p-∂pthm, `Khm≥ _p≤≥
B F√m tZh∑msc°mfpw a\pjytc°mfpw ]qPnX\mWv.
R߃ _p≤`Khms\ \akvIcn°p∂p. Cu
kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´
[ΩMv \a- ma kphXv[n tlmXp (16)
bm\n[ `qXm\n kam-K-Xm\n `pΩm\n hm bm\n
h A\vXfnIvtJ
X[m-K-XMv tZha\p ]qPn-XMv
kwLMvv ka- ma kphXv[n tlmXp (17)
PbawKe AjvS-KmY_mlpMv kl- -a-`n\nΩnX-km-bp-[-¥Mv
KncntaJ-eMv DZnX ˛ tLmc-˛-k-tk-\-am-cMv
Zm\mZn [Ω-hn-Zn\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,
Xav tXP-km `hXp tX Pb awK-em\n (1)
amcm-Xn-tcI a`n-bp-Pv’n- k-_v_c-ØnMv
tLmc-av]-\m-e-hI aI-J-a-Y≤ ˛ bIv-JMv
J¥n kpZ\vX hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm
XMv tXPkm `h-Xp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (2)
16. Cu kabw Cu `qanbn¬ As√¶n¬ BImiØn¬
F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ hkn-°p-∂p-thm, `Khm≥ _p≤≥
B F√m tZh∑mcmepw a\pjycmepw ]qPnX\mWv. R߃
[ΩsØ \akvIcn°p∂p. AXn\m¬ Cu kXyhN\߃
awKfIcamIs´
17. Cu kabw Cu `qanbn¬ As√¶n¬ BImiØn¬
F{Xam{Xw {]mWnIƒ hkn-°p-∂p-thm, `Khm≥ _p≤≥
B F√m tZh∑mcmepw a\pjycmepw ]qPnX\mWv. R߃
kwLsØ \akvIcn°p∂p. AXn\m¬ Cu
kXyhN\߃ awKfIcamIs´.
PbawKe AjvS-KmY1. Bbncw pPßtfmSv IqSnbh\pw kpZrVamIp∂ Bbp[w
[cn®ncn°p∂h\pw, KncntaJe F∂p t]cp≈ B\∏pdØv
Gdnbh\pw AXy¥w `bm\Iamb tk\tbmSp
IqSnbXpamb “amcsb” GXv ap\o{μ\m¬ (_p≤≥) Xs‚
Zm\w XpSßnb [ΩØns‚ _eØm¬ Pbw t\Sntbm, B
kay°v kav _p≤s‚ tXP psIm≠v \n߃°v Pbhpw
awKfhpw `hn°s´.
2. amc-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ i‡\pw tLmc Zp¿tZ-jy\pw
LtTmc lrZ-b\pw cm{Xn apgp-h\pw _p≤-\p-ambn bp≤w
sNbvX Be-hI F∂ b£-s\ Fß-s\-bmtWm im¥-_-
e-Øm¬ Iog-S-°nbXv B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v
Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.
50 51
\mem-KncnMv KP-h-cMv AXn-aØ`qX-Mv,
Zmh-§n N°-a-k-\oh kpZm-cp-W-¥Mv
taX-av_p-tkI hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm
Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (3)
DIvJnØ J§-a-Xo-l∞ kpZm-cp-W≥XMv,
[mh¥n tbmP-\-]-YMvKp enameh¥Mv
C≤n-`n-k-JvMvX at\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,
Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (4)
IXvhm\ I´UvTap-Z-cMv Ch K_v`n-\n-bm,
NnRNmb ZpSvT hN-\Mv P\-Imb atPt’
k\vtX\ tkma hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n-\vtZm,
Xav tXPkm `h-Xp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (5)
kOMv hnlm-b-˛-a-Xn-k-®I hmZ-tI-XpMv
hmZm-`n-tcm-]n-X-a-\Mv AXn A‘-`p-XMv
]øm-]-Zn] PentXm PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,
Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (6)
\tμm-]\μ ˛ `pP-KMv hnhp-[Mv aln-≤nMv
]ptØ\ tYc `pP-tK\ Zam-]bv≥tXm
CZY-p]-tZk hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm
Xav tXPkm `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (7)
3. AXy¥w `bm-\-I\pw atZm-∑-Ø-\p-amb \me-mKncn F∂
B\ Im´pXo t]msebpw CSn-an-∂-ens‚ thK-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-
Snbpw ]m™-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ ssa{Xn-bpsS _e-Øm¬ `K-hm≥
_p≤≥ AXns\ hnP-bn-®p. B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬
\n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.
4. ssIbn¬ hmfp-ambn Hcp tbmP\ _p≤s\ ]n¥p-S¿∂ bm-
\-I\pw `oI-c-\p-amb A¶p-en-am-esb _p≤≥ Xs‚ kn≤n-
i-‡n-sIm≠v Iog-S-°n. B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v
Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.
5. "Nn≥N≥' _p≤-\n¬\n∂pw K¿`w [cn®p F∂p hcp-Øn-
Øo¿°p-hm≥ Nn≥N≥ XpWn Np‰n DZcw hep-Xm°n k`m-
at[y _p≤-s\-Xnsc Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww \SØn. im¥n-bp-sSbpw
kuay-X-bp-sSbpw _e-Øm¬ hnPbw hcn-®p. B _p≤s‚
tXP- m¬ \n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.
6. kXysØ ad∂v hmZ{]Xn-hm-Z-ß-fn¬ am{Xw apgpIn Al-
¶m-cn-bp-ambn Xo¿∂ k®s\∂pt]-cp≈ ]cn-{hm-N-Is\ F{]-
Im-c-amtWm {]⁄-bpsS shfn-®-Øm¬ hnP-bn-®Xv B
_p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-
s´.
7. hnhn[ {]Im-c-Øn-ap≈ al-Ømb kn≤n-IƒsIm≠v kº-
∂-amb \tμm-]-\μv F∂p t]cmb k¿∏sØ GXp ap\o-
{μ≥ Xs‚ ]p{X≥ (in-jy≥) almsam§-eym-b≥ F∂ _p≤-
`n-£p-hn-\m¬ Xs‚ DXv°¿tj-—-bpsS i‡nbpw, AXp-
t]mse D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ _e-hpw-sIm≠v hnP-bn-®pthm B
_p≤s‚ tXP- m¬ \n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s .
52 53
Zp§mlZn-UvTn `pP-tK\ kpZ-UvT lXv-YMv
{_“Mv hnkp≤n PpXn-an±n _Im-`n-[m-\Mv
RmWm-K-tZ\ hn[n\m PnXhm ap\n\vtZm,
Xav tXPk `hXp tX Pb-aw-K-em\n (8)
FXm]n _p≤ Pb-aw-Ke AUvT-KmYm
tbm hm-NtIm Zn\-Znt\ kctX aX≥Zn
lnXzm-\-t\I hnhn-[m-\n-Np-]-±-hm\n
tamIv-JMvv kpJMv A[n-K-taø
\tcm -k-]tøm (9)
k√ kpØvA\n-an-Ø-a\RmXav, aN-vbm-\Mv C[ Pohn-X-Mv.
Ikn-cMv N ]cn-XMv N, XaMv N ZpIv-tJ\ kMvRp-XMv (1)
\ ln tkm D]-°tam AXvYn, tb\ PmXm \ anø-tc.
Pc-avNn ]Xvhm ac-WMv, FhMv [Ωm ln ]mWnt\m (2)
^em-\-anh ]°m-\Mv, ]mtXm ]X-\tXm `bMv.
FhMv PmXm-\Mv a®m-\Mv, \n®Mv a¿WtXm `bMv (3)
bYm]n Ipav`-Imc , IXm aØn-I-`m-P-\m.
kt∫ tZP-\-]-cn-b-\vXm, FhMv a®m\ Pohn-XMv (4)
Zlcm N alμm N, tb _mem tb N ]Wv-Tn-Xm.
kt∫- a-®p-hkav b\vXn, kt∫ a®p-]-cm-bWm (5)
tXkMv a®p-]-tc-X-m\Mv, KNvOX ]c-tem-I-tXm.
8. tLmc-amb anYym-ZrjvSn cq-]n-bm-b-h\pw hncp-≤-amb
⁄m\hpw D¬°¿tj-—-bp -ap≈ _K≥ F∂
{_mlm⁄ms\ GXp ap\o-{μ≥ ⁄m\-cq-]-Øn-ep≈
Huj[w \¬In hnP-bn-®pthm B _p≤s‚ tXP- m¬
\n߃°v Pbhpw awK-fhpw `hn-°-s´.
9. GsXmcp ]WvUn-X-\mtWm Cu Pb-aw-Kf AjvS-Km-Y-Isf
aSn-Iq-SmsX {]Xn-Zn\w ]mcm-bWw sNøp-∂Xv B _p≤n-am-
\mb hy‡n \m\m {]Im-c-Øn-ep≈ D]-{Z-h-ß-fn¬\n∂pw
ap‡-cmbn \n¿Δm-W-kpJw {]m]n-°s´.
k√ kp‡w1. ChnsS a\pjyPoh≥ \o¿t∏mfbv°p kam\ambXpw
A⁄m\Øm¬ Np‰s∏´XpamIp∂p. Ah ITn\hpw
£WnIhpamIp∂p. AXv ZpxJabamIp∂p.
2. P∑saSpØ Hmtcm a\pjycpw acn°msXbncn°p∂Xn\v
bmsXmcp D]mbhpan√. a\pjy¿ hr≤cmhpIbpw
acn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
3. F{]ImcamtWm ]mIamb ^e߃ ]Izamb ImeØv
AS¿∂phogp∂Xn\v `bs∏Sp∂Xv, AXpt]msebmWv
P∑saSpØ PohnIƒ acWsØbpw `bs∏Sp∂Xv.
4 . F{]ImcamtWm Ipih\m¬ \n¿Ωn°s∏´
a¨]m{Xßsf√mw DS™pt]mIp∂Xv, AXpt]msebmWv
{]mWnIfpsS Poh\pw AkvXan°p∂Xv.
5. bphm°fpw {]mbambhcpw Ip´nIfpw _p≤nam≥amcpsa√mw
acWØn\p hiwhZcmIp∂p. F√mhcpw acWØn\v
A[o\cmWv.
54 55
\ ]nXm XmbtX ]pØ-Mv, RmXn hm ]\ RmX-tI (6)
s]I-J-XMv tbh RmXn-\-Mv ] eme-]-XMv ]pYp.
Fh-tatIm h a®m-\-Mv, tKmh-Pvt’m hnb \nø-Xn(7)
Fh-av`m-ltXm temtIm, a®p\m N Pcmb N.
Xkvam [oc \ tkmN-\-vXn, hnZnXvhm temI-]-cn-bm-b-Mv(8)
b aKMv \ Pm\m-kn, BK-X KX hm.
Dt`m A\vtX Ak-av]- -Mv, \nc-X-YMv ]cn-tZ-h-kn(9)
]cn-tZh-bamt\m tN, IRvNn-Z-Xv-Mv DZ∫-tl.
kΩp-ftlm lnwk-a-Øm-\-Mv, Icnbm tN\Mv hnN-I-J-tWm(10)
\ln cq-tÆ\ tkmtI-\, k¥nMv ]t∏mXn tNX-tkm.
`nø- p-∏÷tX `pI-J-Mv, kcn-cMv Np]-l-R-Xn(11)
Intkm hnhtÆm `h-Xn, lnwk-a-Øm-\-a-Ø\m.
\ tX\ t]Xm ]mte-¥n, \n¿X-Ym. ]cn-tZh-\m(12)
tkmI-a-∏-P-l-MvP≥Xp, `ntøm ZpI-vJMv \nK-—-Xn.
6. arXyphn\v A[o\cmb PohnIƒ acWsØ ]p¬Iptºmƒ
]nXmhn\v ]p{Xs\tbm, ktlmZc\v _‘p°sftbm
c£n°m\mhpIbn√.
7. ktlmZc∑mcpw _‘p°fpw t\m°n\n∂mepw ]e
{]ImcØn¬ hne]n®mepw acWw H‰bv°p Xs∂bmWv
sImebmfnsbt∏mse PohnIfpsS {]mW≥
FSpØpsIm≠p t]mIp∂Xv.
8. C{]Imcw Cu temIw acWØmepw hm¿≤IyØmepw
]oUnXamIp∂p. AXpsIm≠v [oc]pcpj∑mcpw
[och\nXIfpw temIØns‚ kz`mhw a\ nem°n
ZpxJn°msXbncn°p∂p.
9. BcmtWm AKa˛\n¿§aßfpsS ]mXsb∏‰n,
P\\Øns‚bpw acWØns‚bpw ]mXsb∏‰n
AdnbmXncn°p∂Xv Ah¿ Ch c≠pw Ahkm\whsc
a\ nemImsX hrYm hne]n®psIm≠ncn°p∂p.
10. CØcw hnem]ßfn¬\n∂v Fs¥-¶nepw kpJw e`n-°p-
∂p-s≠-¶n¬ kXvP-\-߃ A{]-Imcw sNøs´.
11. F∂m¬, hne]n°pItbm hnjmZn°pItbm
sNøp∂XpsIm≠v a\ n\v im¥n e`n°pIbn√. ]Icw,
IqSpX¬ ZpxJØn\p ImcWamIpItbbp≈q. am{Xhpa√,
icocw tcmKmIpeamIpIbpw sNøp∂p.
12. kzbw Akzÿ\mIp∂ hy‡n £oWnX\pw
hncq]\pambnØocp∂p. CXp-sIm≠v ac-W-s∏-´-h¿°v
bmsXmcp ^ehpw D≠m-Ip -∂n√. hne]n°¬
\nc¿∞IamWv.
56 57
A\p-∞p-\t¥m Ime-I-XMv tkmI hk-a-\-hKp (13)
ARm ]n ] Kan-t\m, bYm IΩp-]tK \tc.
a®pt\m hk-am-K-Ω, ^\Zvt¥ Nn[ ]mWnt\m(14)
tb\ tb\ lna ]R-¥n, XtXm XMv tlmXn AbvRX
GmXmZntkm hn\m-`m-thm, ] temI ]cn-bm-bMv (15)
A]n h -kXMv Posh, `otøm hm ]\ am\thm
RmXn-k≥Lm hn\m tlmXn, PlmXn C± Pohn-XMv ˛ 16
X Ac-ltXm kpXvhm, hns\ø ]cn-tZ-hn-XMv
t]XMv Iem-I-XMv Znkvhm, \ tkm e_v`m abm CXn ˛ 17
bXm kc-W-am-Zn-X-Mv, hmcn\m ]cn-\n_v_sb
Ghav]n Zotcm k∏tRm, ]WvUntXm Ipktem \tcm
Jn∏-ap-∏-Xn-XMv tkmIMv, hmtXm XqeMv h Zwksb - ˛ 18
]cn-tZ-hMv ]P∏Mv N, tZma-\- Mv N AØt\m
13. GsXmcp hy‡nbmtWm timIsØ
Dt]£n°msXbncn°p∂Xv Ah¿ AXy[nIw
ZpxJØnemgp∂p. acn® hy‡nsb°pdn®p
]›mØ]n°p∂hcpw timIØn\p hnt[bcmhpI am{Xw
sNøp∂p.
14. Xm¶fpsS I¿ΩØn\\pkcn®v acWw hcn®Xmb a‰p
a\pjyscbpw, acWØn\p his∏´v ChnsS Ah-km-\n-
®Xmb kIe PohnIsfbpw t\m°pI.
15. a\pjy¿ GsX√mw coXn-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂pthm AXn\p hncp-
≤-ambn Imcy-߃ kw -hn-°p-∂p. AXmWv hkvXp-X-I-fpsS
hncp≤ kz`m-hw. Cßs\ temI-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ a\-
n-em-°p-I.
16. a\pjy¿ \qdp h¿jtam AXne[nItam h¿j߃
Pohn®ncp∂mepw Ah¿ ktlmZcßfn¬\n∂pw
_‘p°fn¬\n∂pw th¿s]-tS-≠n-hcpw. am{Xa√, Ah¿
AhcpsS Poh≥ ChnsS Ahkm\n∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.
17. AXpsIm≠v Aclμns‚ (`Khm≥ _p≤s‚) D]tZi߃
Dƒs°m≠v hnem]sØ Dt]£n®p acn®Xmb
PVhy‡nsb I¨Xpd∂p I≠v Ah¿ C\n Hcn°epw
\tΩmsSm∏w H∂n°pIbn√ F∂p a\ nem°Ww.
18. F{]ImcamtWm Xo]nSn® `h\w sh≈samgn®p
sISpØp∂Xv, A{]ImcamWv [oc\pw {]⁄mhm\pw
_p≤nam\pw kXvNn¥I\pamb a\pjy≥ Ahcnep≠mIp∂
ZpxJsØ C√Xm°p∂Xv. Ah¿ hmbp ]™nsb
Db¿Øp∂ AtX thKØn¬ kz¥w ZpxJsØ
C√msXbm°p∂p.
58 59
AØt\m kpJ-sa-km-t\m, A_v_sl k√-a-Øt\m ˛ 19
A_v_qƒlkt√m Akn-tXm, k\vXnMv ]∏pø tNXt m
k∫tkmI AXn-°≥tXm, AtkmtIm tlmXn \n∫ptXm Xn ˛ 20
[Ω-]m-e≥ KmYk_v_ ]m] AI-c-W-Mv, Ipk-e D]-kw-]-Zm.
kNn-Ø-]-cn-tbm-Z-]-\-Mv, GXMv _p≤m\ kmk-\Mv (1)
[ΩMv Ntc kpN-cn-X-Mv, \ XMv ZpNcn-XMv Ntc
[Ω-Nmcn kpJMv tkXn, Akvan temtI ]c-avlnN (2)
\ XmhXm [Ω-[-tcm, bmhXm _lp `mkXnMv
tbm N A∏av]n kpXvhm\Mv, [ΩMv Imtb\ ] Xn
kth [Ω-[tcm tlmXn, tbm, [ΩMv \∏-a-÷Xn (3)
\Ønsa kc-WMv AbR-Mvv, _pt≤m ta kc-WMv hcMv
GtX\ k—-h-t÷\ tlmXpta Pb-a-wKeMv (4)
\Xnta kc-WMvv AbMv [tΩm ta kc-WMv hcMv
GtX\ k—-h-t÷\ tlmXpta Pb-a-wKeMv (5)
\Xnta kc-WMvv AbMv kwtLmta kc-WMv hcMvv
GtX\ k—-h-t÷\ tlXpta Pb-a-wKeMv (6)
\tam _p≤m-b......
\tam [Ωm-b....
\tam kwLm-b...
km[p, km[p, km[p....
60 61
19. kz¥w kt¥mjw B{Kln°p∂hcmb a\pjy¿
Xncn®dnhp t\Sns°m≠v Ic®nepw hnem]hpw am\knI
ZpxJhpw Ahkm\n∏n°p∂p.
20. GXmtWm DNnXambXv, A\mk‡ambXv, NnØ˛im¥n°v
{]m]vXambXv AXv ZpxJØn\v AXoXhpw timIclnXhpw
im¥hpamIp∂p. ⁄m\ioecmb a\pjy¿ Ahsb
{]m]n°p∂p.
[Ω]me≥ KmY1. bmsXmcp ]m]I¿Ωßfpw sNømXncn°pI,
awKfI¿Ω߃ sNøpI. AXpt]mse kzbw a\xip≤n
hcpØpI. CXmWv _p≤s‚ D]tZiw (in£).
2. kZmNmc]camb I¿Ω߃ BNcn°pI. ZpcmNmc߃
sNøcpXv. [ΩNmcnIƒ Cu temIØpw ]ctemIØpw
kpJambn Ddßp∂p.
3. hfsc kwkmcn°p∂XpsIm≠v Bcpw [ΩNmcn BIp∂n√.
F∂m¬, Ipd®pam{Xta tI´n-´p-s≈-¶n¬ t]mepw [ΩsØ
A\p-`hwsIm≠v km£mXvIcn°pIbpw, BcmtWm
[ΩØn¬ {i≤-tbmsS Ncn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Ah¿
Xs∂bmWv [ΩNmcnbmIp∂Xv.
4. _p≤≥ F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°v as‰mcp
icWan√. Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°v Pbhpw awKfhpw
`hn°s´.
5. [Ωw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°p a‰p icWan√.
Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°p Pbhpw awKfhpw hn°s´.
6. kwLw F∂ DØaicWa√msX F\n°v a‰p icWan√.
Cu kXyhN\Øm¬ F\n°p Pbhpw awKfhpw hn°s´.
BNmc hn[n-Iƒkam-P-Øns‚ GI-X-bv°p-th-≠nbpw kaq-lsØ aqey-
t_m-[-ap≈ Hcp kwkvIm-c-ambn tIm¿Øn-W-°p-∂-Xn\pw kmaq-
Zm-bn-I-hy-hÿ Bh-iy-L-S-I-am-Wv. F¶n¬ am{Xta Htc kZm-
Nm-c-{I-a-Øn¬ AWn\nc-°p∂ hy‡n-I-tfbpw AXp-t]mse
Xs∂ IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Dd-®-_-‘-ßfpw ÿm]n-
°p-hm≥ Ign-bq. Cu IqSn-tN-c-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂mWv kzX-{¥-hn-
Im-k-ap≈ hy‡n-Xz-߃ Db¿∂p hcp-Ibpw \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂-Xv.
apI-fn¬ ]d™ Cu aqe-h-kvXp-°sf I≠-dn™
_u≤-[-Ω-Øn-ep≈ {]⁄-im-en-Iƒ _u≤ kam-P-Øn\v
th≠n _u≤-kw-kvIm-c-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn. DZm-l-c-W-ambn
Ip´n-I-fpsS t]cn-S¬ [Ω-Zo-£, sshhm-ln-I-Im-cy-߃ apX-
em-b-h-bm-Ip-∂p. H∏w Ch sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn `n£p-˛-`n -
£pWntbm [Ω-Nmcn ˛ [Ω-Nm-cn-Wntbm As√-¶n¬ kwkvIm-
`mKw c≠v
63
csØ (_u-≤) °pdn®v Adn-hp≈ GsX¶nepw tbmKy-cmb ]pcp-
jt\m kv{Xotbm D≠m-bm¬ _u≤ kam-PnI ]c-º-csb hfsc
kº-∂-am-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
_u≤ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ sNøp∂ `n£pthm [Ω-Nm-
cntbm [Ω-Nm-cn-Wntbm Bcm-bmepw Ahsc ]ptcm-ln-X-s\t∂m
BNm-cy-s\t∂m kwt_m-[\ sNøm≥ ]mSn-√. BNm-c-hn-[nIƒ
sNøp-∂Xv `n£p-°ƒ Xs∂-bm-I-W-sa∂v \n¿_-‘-hp-an-√.
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-߃ A\p-k-cn®v
GsXmcp _u≤-hy-‡n°pw BNm-c-hn[n \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
F∂m¬ B hy‡n, ioevhm\pw _p≤[ΩsØ Bg-Øn¬
{Kln-®n´p≈-h\pw Bbn-cn-°-Ww. BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ°p t\XrXzw
\¬Ip∂ hy‡n tIhew i_vZ-߃ am{Xw D®-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-
bn-cn-°-cp-Xv. icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ sX‰pw icnbpw a\- n-em-°n-
bm-hWw ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ sNtø-≠-Xv. A√msX, A[m¿an-I-
amtbm kmº-Øn-I-t\-´-Øn\p th≠ntbm \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-h-cm-
bn-cn-°-cp-Xv.
_u≤-˛-kw-kvIm-c-ß-fpsS Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ {]tXy-
I-{i≤ D≠m-bncn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬ Ch
Ipsd I¿Ω-ß-fpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-\p-≈n¬s∏Sp-∂h am{X-a-√.
AXp-t]mse _u≤ BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ [m¿Ωn-I-ambn Icp-Xm\pw
]mSn-√. _u≤-Z¿i\w Cu BNm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-
amWv. {i≤-tbm-Sp-IqSn BNm-c-hn-[nIsf kº-∂-am-°p-Ibpw
_u≤-Z¿i-\-ßsf Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-
cn®v Pohn-X-߃ Icp]n-Sn-∏n-°pIb-pw sNøWw. Pohn-X-Øns‚
c≠v AXym-hiy hi-ß-fmb "{i≤m-\p-k-cn≥' AXp-t]mse
Xs∂ "[Ωm-\p-k-cn≥' _u≤-kw-kvIm-c-{]-Imcw \Ωp-sS ka-
{Khpw kºq¿Æ-hp-amb hnIm-k-Øn\v Hgn-hm°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-
Xm-Wv.
_u≤ BNm-c-Øn¬ Hcmƒ _lp-am-\hpw am\y-Xbpw
hnI-kn-∏n® F√m {]Xn-Im-fl-I-amb hkvXp-°-tfbpw _lp-am-
\n-°p-Ibpw kwkvIm-c-{]-Im-c-a-\p-k-cn®v Ae-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw
thWw. GI-tZiw F√m _u≤ BNm-c-ß-fnepw `K-hm≥
_p≤s‚ {]Xn-a, sh≈w \nd® a¨]m-{Xw, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-Iƒ,
k{ºm-Wn, ]q°ƒ, Ab™ sh≈-N-cSv Ch Bh-iy-am-Wv.
BNm-c-hn-[n-°p≈ ta¬]-d™ hkvXp-°-sf√mw {]Xo-Im-fl-
I-am-Wv. Cu hkvXp-°ƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ am{Xta BNm-c-hn-[n-Iƒ
\S-Øm≥ Ignbq F∂n-√. a\p-jy-i-cocw Hcp a¨I-e-Øn\v
Xpeyhpw £W-`w-Kp-c-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ a\p-jys‚ Poh≥
a¨I-e-Øn¬ \nd-™n-cn-°p∂ Pe-Øn\v Xpey-hp-am-Wv.
Ab™ NcSv F{]-Im-c-amtWm Ffp∏w s]m´p-∂Xv AXp-
t]mse Xs∂-bmWv \ΩpsS ioe-߃ Ah s]s´∂v kzm[o-
\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ab™ \qens\ F{]-Im-c-amtWm Ipcp-°n´v
sI´n hbv°p-∂Xv AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ioe-ß-tfbpw kq£n-
°-Ww. a‰v {]Xo-Im-fl-I-h-kvXp-°-fpsS hnh-cWw "{]Ya `mK-
'Øn¬ ]qP-bpsS al-Xz-Øn¬ ]c-am¿in-®n-´p-≠v.
"ss{XtemIy _u≤-a-lm-kwLv klm-b-I-KWv' apJy-
ambn Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ _u≤ BNm-c-hn[nIsf Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-
°p-∂p. 1) \ma-IcWw 2) [Ω-Zo£ 3) hnhmlw 4) At¥ym-]-
Nmcw 5) ]pWym-\p-tam-Z\w 6) Krl-{]-thiw 7) hnlmc ka¿∏-
Ww. "{]{h÷' AXp-t]mse "D]-kw-]Zm' apX-emb Xc-Øn-
ep≈ D∂X-amb B≤ym-flnI BNm-c-ßsf Cu _u≤-˛-h-
μ\ kqØßfn¬ kw{K-l-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-´n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬
Ch _p≤-`n-£p-°-fm¬ D≠m-°nbn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse
Xs∂ Ah _p≤-`n-£°-fp-sS s]cp-am-‰-߃°v th≠n \¬I-
s∏-Sp-∂tXm sNø-s∏-´tXm BWv. k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W- kaqlp-
ambn CXn\v bmsXm-cp-X-c-Øn-ep≈ _‘-hp-an-√.
6564
\ma-I-cWwk¿Δ-{]-Yaambn ]qPm-ÿm\w DNn-X-amb coXn-bn¬
Ae-¶-cn-°p-Ibpw \ma-I-cW kwkvIm-c-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂ "{i≤m-ep-I-sf AXp-t]mse BNm-c-hn[n -I¿Øm-°sf
DNn-X-ambn ÿm\Øv Ccp-Ø-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw Ip´n-Isf
]pXn-bXpw hrØn-bp-≈-Xp-amb hkv{X-߃ [cn-∏n-®v amXm-]n-
Xm-°fpw hrØn-bp≈ hkv{X-߃ [cn®v Ccn-°-Ww. amXmhv
Ip´nsb Xs‚ aSn-bn-en-cp-Ø-Ww. C{]-Imcw ]qPm-ÿm-\-Øns‚
apºn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ccn-°p-Ibpw \ma-I-c-W-Øn\v tbmKy-
cm-bn-cn-°p∂ "{i≤m-ep-°sf' AXp-t]mse \ma-I-cW kwkvIm-
c- I¿Øm°sf ssI sIm≠v hμ\w sNø-Ww. AXn\v tijw
"{Xni-c¨ ]©-io¬' kImcmflI ]©-io¬ Ch sNøp-I.
]n∂oSv F√m-hcpw Hcp-an®v _p≤-]qPm, {Xnc-Xv\-hμ\
Ch sNm√pI. Hcp ]t£ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ°v Adn-bm-sa-¶n¬
AhcpsS Xmev∏-cy-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ t]cv kzoI-cn-°mw. As√-
¶n¬ hninjvShy‡nIfn¬ \n∂pw A©p t]cp-Iƒ kzoI-cn-
°mw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØm-Sp-IqSn GsX-¶nepw Hcp
t]cv kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. t]cv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ ka-bØv B t]cv
tbmPn-®-XmtWm F∂pw _u≤-]-c-º-cbv°v A\p-k-cn-®p-≈-
XmtWm F∂p {i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. {_m“W ]c-º-c-bv°-\p-
k-cn® t]cp-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√.
C{]-Imcw t]cv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw, "kzoIr-X-\maw'
Ip´n-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°-ƒ aq∂p-{]m-hiyw ]d-bp∂p CXp-t]mse
“Rß-fpsS Cu B¨Ip-´n-bpsS/ s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS t]cv C\n
apX¬ ..................... BIp-∂p”. AXn-\ptijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv
kzbw \mtam-—m-cWw sNbvXv Ccn-°p∂ kam-P-Øns‚ ap≥]n¬
Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p: C∂v apX¬ Cu B¨Ip´n/s]¨Ip´n
C∂ t]cn¬ ]qI-gvØ-s∏-Spw. F√m-hcpw km[q-˛-km[q˛km[p
]-d™v Ip´nsb Bio¿h-Zn-°p∂p. ]n∂oSv hn[n-I¿Øm "ipt`-
—-KoXw' (\∑ -D-W-¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ KoXw) Be-]n®v Ip´n-sbbpw
AXp-t]mse c£m-I¿Øm-hn-t\bpw Bin¿h-Zn-°p∂p.
CXn-\p-tijw ka-bm-\p-k-c-W-ambn {]kw-K-߃
sNøp-Ibpw "alm-aw-K-f-kq‡w' AXp-t]mse "[Ω-]m-e≥KmY'
sNm√n ]qPm-hn[n ]cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.hn[n-{I-a-߃:
{Xni-c¨ ]©-in¬, kIm-cm-flIv ]©-io¬, _p≤-]q-Pm, Xnc-
Xv\ -h-μ\ ipt`-—-Km-Y, alm-aw-K-f-kq-‡, [Ω]m-e≥ KmY
Ipdn∏v : Cu ip`-h-k-c-Øn¬ {]tXy-I-amb kmaq-ln-I-amb Hcp-
°-ßtfm `£-W-Øns‚ Bh-iytam C√. tIhew Nmb-k-
XvImcw am{Xw ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cn-°pw.
6766
[Ω-Zn£m kam-tcm-lWw`K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ in£-b-\p-k-cn®v Ft∏m-gmtWm Hcp
hy‡n [Ω-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv
At∏m-gmWv icW am¿§-Øn-eqsS ]©-ioew kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ Pohn-X-Ncy kzoI-cn-°p-I.bpw sNøp-∂Xv.
At∏mƒ Xs∂ Abmƒ/Ahƒ _u≤-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. 1955
sabv amkw 24-˛mw XobXn t_mw_-bn¬ h®p≈ Xs‚ Hcp
{]kw-K-Øn¬ t_m[n-kXz _m_ ktl_v tUm: _n.-B¿. -
Aw-t_-ZvI¿ Cßs\ ]d-™n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. “_u≤-]c-º-c-
bn¬” D]m-k-I\v [Ω-Zo-j sImSp-Øn-cp-∂n-√. CXv kaq-l-
Øn¬ hn]-co-X-]-cn-Wmaw D≠m-°n. CXn\m¬ D]m-k-Is\
a\- ns‚ ]q¿Æ hnImkw t\Sp-hm≥ Ign-™n√. F∂m¬
Fs‚ [Ω-Øn¬ D]-km-I¿°v "[Ω-Zo£'' sImSp-°-s∏Spw. [Ω-
Zo£sb°p-dn®v Rm≥ Hcp {KŸw Fgp-Øp-∂p≠v Htcm
hy‡n°pw B {KŸ hmßp-hm≥ Ignbpw [Ω-Zo£ B{K-ln-
°p∂ hyI-Xn-Iƒ B ]pkvX-I-Ønse Nne tNmZy-߃°v
hy‡-amb[Ω-Zo£ DØcw \evI-Ww. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°v
am{Xta Fs‚ [Ω-Øn-te°v {]th-i\w e`n-°p. _u≤-[-Ω-
Øn¬ {]th-in-°p∂ hy‡n ip{`-h-kv{X[mcn/-[m-cn-Wn-bm-bn-
cn-°-Ww.
CXn¬ \n∂p [ΩZo-£bv°v F{X-am{Xw al-Xz-ap-
s≠∂pw [Ω-Zo£ kamtcm-lWw Hcp al-Xz-]q¿Æ-amb cq]m-
¥-c-s∏-Sp-ج ""kwkvImcw'' BsW∂pw a\- n-em-°mw. Hcp
hy‡nbpw Hcn-°epw P∑w sIm≠vv _p≤-a-X-°m-c\m-Ip-∂n-√.
tIhew _u≤ -Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬ Pn\n-°p∂p F∂p am{Xw. AXp-
sIm≠v B _me-It\m/_men-Itbm "_u≤X' a\-kn-em-°p-
I-bn-√. AXm-bXv [Ωa-\-ap-k-cn®v Ah-cn¬ _u≤ kwkvImcw
\n¿_-‘-ambpw hcp-Øp-Ibpw Ah a\-kn-em-°p-∂-Xn\p tbmKy-
cmtWm Atbm-Ky-cmtWm F∂v hnth-Nn®v Adn-bp-Ibpw AXn-
\-\p-k-c-W-amb "[Ω-Zn£' kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw
sNtø-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.
[ΩZo£bpS Bh-iy-IX a\- n-em-°n-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ
Zn£-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ [Ω-Zo£m ka-tcm-lWw
Xß-fpsS ho´ntem a‰v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿetØm G¿∏mSv
sNtø-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Cu Imcy-ß-fpsS \nb-{¥Ww
\Ωƒv \n¿_-‘-ambpw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. k¿Δ-{]-[m\"[Ω-
Zo£' {Kln-°p∂ Bfn\v _p≤, [Ω, kwLw Cu {Xn-c-Xv\-
ß-fpsS kw£n]vXw a\-kn-em-°p-Ibpw AXn\v tijw [Ω-
Zo£ {Kln-°p∂Xn\v Abmƒ ZrV-\n-›-b-sa-Sp-°p-Itbm ]d-
bp-Itbm thWw. AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v GsXmcp BN-cW ioe-
\mb _u≤-t\m, Krl-ÿ-t\m, [Ω-Nm-cn-tbm, `n£pthm
BIs´ "[ΩZo£' ka-tcm-lWw kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-
6968
iy-am-Wv. Cu BtLm-j-Øns‚ coXn Xmsg-]-dbpw {]Im-c-am-
Wv. Zo£m¿∞n shfpØ hkv{Xw [cn®v `K-hm≥ _p≤-t‚bpw
AXp-t]mse t_m[n-kXz tUm: _n.-B¿. Awt_-ZvI-dp-tSbpw
{]Xn-a-Ifn¬ ]qhv (]q-am-e) Nμ-\-Øn-cn, sagp-Ip-Xncn Ch A¿∏n-
°-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw aq∂p-{]m-hiyw "hμ\' As√-¶n¬
]©mwK {]Wmaw sNø-Ww. AXn -\p -tijw [Ω-
Zn£bv°pth≠n aq∂p {]mhiyw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ “[Ω-bm-N\
” sNm√-Ww. Rm≥ [Ω Kpcp-hn-t\mSv bmNn-°p-∂p. `n£p-
hmWv Zn£m-hn-[n°p t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-sX-¶n¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂
coXn-bn¬ ]d-bWw:
“Alw _tμ Xnk-c-tW\ kl ]©-io-ew, [Ωw
bNman”A\p-Klw IXzm iCuew tZX sa _tμ
(F\n°v {Xoi-cWw ]©-io¬ ]I¿∂p Xcp-Ibpw H∏w Fs∂
A\p-{Klw sNmcn™v F\n°v ioe-߃ D]-tZ-in-®m-epw.)
AXn\v tijw "Zo£' (A-\p-jvTm-\w) \¬Ip∂ Bƒ
{Xn icWw BZyw ]d-bp-Ibpw Zn£m¿∞n AXv G‰p ]d-bp-
Ibpw thWw. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ "Zn£' \¬Ip∂
Bƒ "{Xn icWw Ka\w \njvTnXw' ({Xn ic¨ Ka\w Ah-km-
\n-∏n-°p-∂p) F∂v ]d-b-Ww.
Zo£m-¿∞n AXv G‰psNm√p-Ibpw thWw. ]ns∂
BNm-cy≥ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ {]Im-c-ap≈ {]m¿∞\ sNm√p-Ibpw
Zo£m¿∞nsb "Ba _tμ' F∂p ]d™v kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw
thWw.
“Cam\n ]©-kn-°m-]-Zm\n, kote\ kpJXn b≥Xn,
kote\ t`mK kºX
kote\ \n_pXn b≥Xn, Xkvam-koew hntim-Zssc”
(Cu A©v in£m-]Z߃ C{]-Im-camWv. Cu ioem-
N-cWw Bflo-tbm-∂X {]m]vXn-°p-≈-Xm-Wv. Cu inem-N-cWw.
`uXnI kºØv In´p-∂-Xn\v D]-bp-‡-am-Wv. Cu inem-N-cWw
\n¿ΔmW {]m]vXn e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v
Fs‚ inem-N-cWw ip≤-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.)
tijw Zo£m¿∞nsbs°m≠v k-Imcm-flIv ]©-
ioehpw 22 {]Xn-⁄-Ifpw sNm√n-∏n-°-Ww. Ah-km\w BNm-
cy≥ F√m-h¿°pw ipt`— \¬Ip-Ibpw [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY sNm√n
BNmcw ]cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw thWw.
hn[n-{I-a-߃: bmN\/({]m¿∞-\), {Xni-c¨ ]©-in¬,
kImcm-flIv ]©-io¬, 22 {]Xn-⁄-Iƒ, ipt`-—-Km-Y, [Ω-
]m-e≥ KmY.
7170
hnhm-lw_u≤-[-Ω-Øn¬ t_ta¬ hnhm-lw, _me hnhm-lw,
I\ym hnhmlw F∂nh \njn-≤-am-Wv. F∂m¬ hn[hm
hnhmlw AXp-t]mse hn[p¿ (`mcy acn-®-h¿) hnhmlw F∂nh
AwKo-I-c-am-Wv. hnhmlw Hcp kmaq-lnI Bh-iy-am-Wv. F¥p-
sIm-s≠-∂m¬ kmam-PnI Krlÿ Pohn-XsØ A®S° coXn-
bn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v kv{Xo˛-]p-cp-j≥am-cpsS ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Cu
hnhm-l-tLmjw AYhm hnhm-l-I-cm-dn¬°qSn \n›-bn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂p. hnhmlw kmaq-lyhpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb Hcp _‘-
\-am-Ip-∂p. BNm-c{]m[m-\y-ap≈ hnhm-l-Øn-\p-tijw hnhmlw
\nb-a-]-c-ambn cPn-ÿ sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.
_u≤ [Ω-io-e-ß-fn¬ ASn-Ø-d-bm-hp∂ A\p-im-
k\w _p≤-[-Ω-am-Wv. AhnsS kv{Xo˛]pcp-j-∑m¿ kam-\cpw
kzX-{¥-cp-am-Wv. AXm-bX,v _u≤ kam-P-Øn¬ hnhmlw
shdpw [m¿Ωn-I- -kw-kvIm-c-a-√. lnμp [¿Ω {]Im-c-ap≈ I\ym-
-Zm\-hp-a-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ _u≤-[Ωw A\o-iz--c-hm-Zhpw
A\mfl-hm-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw ap‡-hp-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Krl-
\-£-{X-߃ AXp-t]mse cmin-Iq-Sn-t®-c¬ XpS-ßn-bh kz`m-
hn-I-ambpw A{]-k-‡-am-Wv. F∂m¬ _u≤ D]m-k-I¿°v
Xß-fpsS ]p{X -]p-{Xn-am-cpsS hnhmlw aqe-ap≈ _‘w ÿm]n-
°p∂ ka-bØv c≠p ]£-°m-cp-sSbpw Ign-bpw-hn-[-Øn-ep≈
kuI-cy-ßsf {i≤n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.
hcs‚ ]£-°mcpw h[p-hns‚ ]£-°mcpw kam-\-cm-
Wv. Bcpw Xs∂ heptXm sNdptXm A√. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂
hc-t‚tbm h[p-hn-t‚tbm c≠p-Iq- -cn¬ GXp ]£-°m-cptSbpw
{]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ BZ-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. Xocp-am\w Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v
apºv \n¿t±-in-°p∂ hc-t‚bpw h[p-hn-t‚bpw hy‡n-K-X-kz-`m-
h-Øns‚ ]cn-tim-[\ \S-ØpI Bh-iy-am-Wv. hnhm-l-Øn-
\p≈ \n¿t±iw kzoI-cn -®p -I-gn -™m¬ hnhm-l-Øns‚
XobXnbpw ÿe-Øns‚ {Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw c≠p-]-£-°mcpw
tN¿∂v kuI-cy-]q¿Δw Xocp-am-\n-°-Ww.
hnhm-l-_‘w ÿm]n-°p∂ ka-btØm hnhml ka-
btØm {]Xy-£-tam ]tcm-£tam Bb kv{Xo[-\-{]-iv\-߃
Db-cm≥ ]mSn-√. am{X-a√, an{i-hn-hm-l-߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-
°p-Ibpw PmXo-b-amb BNm-c-ßsf _ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw
thWw.F∂m¬, \√ coXn-bn-ep≈ hnhm-l-N-Sßv c≠p ]£-
°m-cp-sSbpw kt¥m-j-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-tI-≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-
am-Wv. hnhm-l-Øns‚ XobXn \n›-bn®p Ign-™m¬ Hcp hnti-
j-Imcyw {i≤n-t°-≠Xv Fs¥-∂m¬, Hcp ]t£ hct\m
h[pthm apºv _u≤-c-√m-bn-cn-°mw. F¶n¬ hnhml Xob-Xn°v
apºv as‰mcp XobXn \n›-bn®v Ahsc {]tXyIw {]tXyIw
kuI-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v "_u≤-Zo£' \¬I-Ww. Fs¥-∂m¬, hnhm-
7372
l-Zn-hkw B Imcyw IqSn sNøpI F∂Xv {]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv.
ImcWw, B Znhkw a‰v hf-sc-b-[nIw Imcy-߃ sNtø-≠-Xp-
≠v. AXp-t]mse ka-b-°p-dhv ImcWw _u≤-Zo£ As√-
¶n¬ ic¨ Ka-\-Øns‚ alXzw a\- n-em-°pI {].-bm-k-hp-am-
Wv. hnhm-l-mtLmjw h[p-]-£-°m-cpsS ho´n-tem, _u≤-hn-
lm-c-ß-fn-tem, a‰v DNn-X-amb ÿe-ß-fntem h®v \S-Øp-hm≥
km[n-°pw.
Bh-iy-amb km[-\-߃:˛
GXv ÿe-ØmtWm hnhm-lw \S-°p-∂Xv B ÿew
{]tXy-I-ambn hrØn-bm-°-Ww. Hcp Db¿∂ πm‰vt^mw D≠m°n
`K-hm≥ _p≤s‚ {]Xna hfsc at\m-l-c-ambpw BI¿j-I-hp-
amb coXn-bnepw Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw t_m[n-kXzm
tUm: _n.-B¿. Awt_-Zv°-dpsS "t^mt´m' Ipd®v Xmsg-bmbn
h®n´v ame CtS-≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. A©v sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-
Iƒ, Nμ-\-Xn-cn-Iƒ, Bh-iy-Øn\v ]q°ƒ, sh≈ \qev ip≤-P-
ew, A©p-\n-d-Øn-ep≈ XpWn, h[q-h-c-∑m¿°v th≠n c≠v
henb ]qam-e-Iƒ C{Xbpw Icp-Xn-h-bv°-Ww.
hnhm-l-coXn:˛
hn[n-I¿Ømhv hc-t\bpw h[p-hn-t\bpw sIm≠v
km{ºm-Wn-Øn-cn, sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-Iƒ Ch IØn®v _p≤-{]-Xn-asb
]pjv]m¿®-\bpw ]©mw-K-{]-Wm-ahpw sNøn-°p-Ibpw thWw.
XpS¿∂v {Xni-c¨ ]-©-io-¬, kIm-cm-flIv- ]-©-io¬, _p≤-
]q-P, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\ Ch sNm√pI.
h[p-hns‚ kΩXw:˛
{Xnc-Xv\-Øns‚ ]mh\ kar-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w D]-hn-jvS-
cmb kam-PsØ km£n \n¿Øn Rm≥ Bbp-jvam≥ .................-
]Xn-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-®v PohnXw apgp-h≥ Rßtfmcp-
an®v Ign™psIm≈m-sa∂p {]Xn-⁄ sNøp-∂p.
hcs‚ kΩXw:˛
{Xnc-Xv\-Øns‚ ]mh\ kar-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w D]-hn-jvS-
cmb kam-PØ km£n \n¿Øn Rm≥ Bbpjva-Xn .....................
]Xv\n-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ kzoI-cn®v PnhnXw apgp-h\pw Hcp-an®v
Ign™psIm≈m-sa∂v {]Xn⁄ sNøp-∂p.
CXn-\p-tijw h[p-h-c≥am-cpsS ssIbpsS apI-fn¬
IqSn ip≤-Pew ]Xps° ]Xps° Hgn-°p-I. B Pew ssIbpsS
Xmsg h®n-cn-°p∂ Xme-Øn¬ H∂n®v h∂p hog-Ww. Pew
Hgn-°p∂ hn[n-I¿Ømhv Xmsg ]d-bp∂ ipt`-—-KmY CuW-
Øn¬ hy‡-ambn sNm√-Ww. CXn\p tijw h[q-h-c≥am-cpsS
ssIIƒ th¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I. _‘n® \q¬ c≠mbn mKn®v c≠p-
t]-cp-tSbpw ssII-fn¬ sI- -Ww. hn[n-I¿Ømhv h[q-h-c≥amsc
I¿Ø-hy-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ {]Xn⁄ {]tXyIw {]tXyIw sNøn-
°-Ww.
]n∂oSv hn[n-I¿Ømhv D]-hn-jvS-cmb apgp-h≥ kam-P-
Øn-t‚bpw ap≥]n¬ "alm-aw-Kf kqØ' A¿∞-tØm-Sp-IqSn
hmbn-°p-∂p. CXn-\p-tijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv ]d-bp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v
h[p -h-cs‚ Igp-Ønepw c≠m-aXv hc≥ h[p-hns‚ Igp-Ønepw
X∂n-cn-°p∂ ame-b-Wn-bp-∂p. aq∂-a-Xmbn "km[q' F∂v Dd-
s°-]-d-™vsIm≠v hn[n-I¿Ømhpw a‰p-≈-hcpw h[q- h-c≥am-
cpsS ta¬ ]pjv]-߃ A¿∏n®v Ahsc Bio¿h-Zn-°p-∂p. C{]-
Imcw hnhmlw awK-f-am-°Ww Ah-km\w "[Ω-]m-e≥KmY'
sNm√n hnhm-l-hn[nNS-ßv kam-]n-®-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-°-Ww.
hc-s‚bpw h[p-hn-s‚bpw amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ ]c-kv]cw
A`n-hmZyw sNøp-I. tijw h[q-h-c-∑m¿ ssIIƒ Iq∏n F√m-
h¿°pw \a-kvIm-cw, \tam-_p-≤m-b, Pbv ow ]d™v \μn tcJ-
s∏-SpØn Xß-fpsS DNn-X-amb ÿm\-ß-fn¬ Ccn-°p-∂p. Cu
kabw h∂n-´p≈ kplr-Øp-°fpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw \h-Z-
7574
º-Xn-Isf A\p-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xn\pw kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-Im-c-߃
\¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw Ch-cpsS ASp-tØ°v hcm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tijw
h[qh-c≥am-cpsS _‘p-an-{Xm-Zn-Iƒ HsØm-cp-an®v (kv{Xo-Ifpw
]pcp-j-∑m-cpw) kaq-l-k-Zy-t]m-ep≈ Imcy-߃ sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-
Wv.
hn[n-{I-a-߃:˛
{Xni-c¨ ]©-io¬, kImcmflI ]©-io¬, _p≤-]q-P, {Xnc-
Xv\-h-μ-\, h[p- h-c-kzo-Ir-Xn, h[p-h-c≥am-cpsS I¿Øhyw ({]-
Xn-⁄) ipt`-—-Km-Y, alm-aw-K-f-kp-‡, [Ω-]m-e≥Km-Y.
Zml-I¿Ωw AYhm A¥y-hn[nGsX-¶nepw hy‡n ac-W-tØmSv ASp-°p∂ ka-bØv
Abm-fpsS am\-kn-I-im-¥n-bv°v th≠n [ΩnI {KŸ-Øn¬
\n∂p≈ ]cn-{Xm¨ ]mTw AYhm A\n-XyX ]mTw ]d™p
tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p. C{]-Im-c-ap≈ ]mT-߃ tIƒ∏n®v acn-°p-∂-
Xn\v ip`-amb am\-kn-I-\n-e-bp-≠m-°p-∂p.
AXm-bXv kp{X-]m-Tytam [Ω-{K-Ÿ-]-T-\tam sNø-Ww.
ac-W-ti-j-ap≈ icocw Ipfn-∏n®v kpK-‘-h-kvXp-°ƒ ]qin
shfpØ hkv{Xw [cn-∏n®v tbmPn® coXn-bn¬ Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww.
Cu kabw X’vYm-\-Øp≈ GsX-¶nepw tbmKy-cmb _u≤-
D-]m-k-I-tcm, GsX-¶nepw n£p-thm, [Ω-Nm-cntbm {Xn ic¨,
]©-in-ew, kIm-c-flI ]©-ioew Ch {Kln-∏n-°p-∂p. hn[n-
I¿Ømhv acn® hy‡n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Btcm-
sS-¶nepw ip≤-Pew sIm≠p-h-cp-h≥ ]d-bp-I. Pew sIm≠p-
7776
h∂p Ign-™m¬ AXv Hcp ]m{X-Øn¬ ]Xps° ]Xps° Hgn-
°p-∂p. ([m-c-bm-bn) CXn-\n-S-bn¬ hn[n-I¿Ømhv aq∂p-{]m-hiyw
Xmsg ]d-bp∂ "KmY' sNm√p-∂p.
CZw s\m bmXn\w tlmXp
kpJnXm tlm≥Xp bmXmtbm
(Cu ]pWy-I¿Ωw Rß-fpsS arX-hy‡n sNbvX-Xm-
Wv. arX--_-‘p-hn\v kpJ-ap-≠m-I-s´.)
ho≠pw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ "KmY-Iƒ' sNm√n timI-k-¥m-]vX-Ip-
Spw-_sØ timI-c-ln-X-am-°m≥ {ian-°p-I.
A\n—m hXv kwJmcm D∏m-Z-hb [Ωnt\m
D]-÷nXzm \ncp—m¥n tXkw D]-ktam kptJm
(F√m kwkvIm-chpw A\n-Xy-am-Wv. D≠m-bm¬ \in-
°pI F∂Xv Ah-bpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv. krjvSn-bn¬ IqSn im¥-
am-Ip-∂p. Ahbv°v k¿Δ-im¥n In p-I. ]c-a-kp-J-Zm-b-I-am-Wv.)
F∂m¬, Cu kabw PVtØm-sSm∏w t]mIp-∂-h¿
{ioic¨ D®-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ sNø-W-sa-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬
ac-W-tijw Bcpw "icWw' BIp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v PV-tØm-
sSm∏w t]mIp-tºmƒ "kwJmc A\n-—m-bXn' F∂p-®-cn-°-Ww.
ivaim\ `qan-bn¬ NnX D≠m°n arX-i-cocw NnX-bn¬ h®v (ar-
X-i-cocw ad-hp-sN-øm-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv) {Xn ic¨ ]©-io-ew,
kImcm-flI ]©-in-ew, XpSßn "k√-kq-‡-'߃ A¿∞w
klnXw sNm√-Ww.
AXn\v tijw NnX-bn¬ Xo sImfp-Øn-bn´v A\n-Xy-
]m-Ty-Øn-ep≈ KmY Ipd®v {]h-Nn-°p-Ibpw c≠v an\n‰v au\-
ambn \n∂n´v arX-hy-‡n-bn¬ {i≤m⁄en A¿∏n-°p-∂p. Ah-
km\w A\nXy ]mTw hmbn-°-Ww.
A\n®m hXv kwJmcm
D∏m-Z-hbv [Ωnt\m
D]-÷nXzm \ncp—m¥n
tXkw D]-ktam kptJm
(F√m kwkvIm-chpw A\n-Xy-am-Wv. D≠m-Ip-Ibpw
\in-°p-Ibpw F∂Xv Ah-bpsS [¿Ω-am-Wv. Ah D≠m-bn,
{]Xn-_-‘-ßsf t\cn-´v, Ahbv°v im¥n e`n-t°-≠-XmWv
kpJw.)
hn[n-{Iaw:˛
{Xni-c¨ ]©-io-ew, kImcm-flI ]©-io-ew, k√-
kp-‡w, [Ω-{]-h-N-\w, BZ-cm-⁄en
7978
]pWym-\p-tam-Z\w]mc-º-cy-ambn Cu NSßv hy‡n-bpsS ac-W-tijw
7,14,21 CØ-c-Øn¬ 4 s‚ A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ 49-˛mw Znhkw hsc-
bp≈ GsX-¶nepw (49 Znh-k-Øn-\-Iw) Znhkw sNøp-∂p.
Cu NS-ßn\v th≠n ]qPm-ÿew Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xn\v
tijw AXn\v apI-fn¬ arX hy‡n-bpsS t^mt´m hbv°-Ww.
tijw kmaq-lnI {Xni-cW ]©-ioew AXp-t]mse kIm-cm-
flI ]©-io-ehpw sNm√-Ww. AXn\v tijw hn[n-I¿Øm-hv
_p≤-]q-P, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\bpw, k√-kp-‡hpw sNm√-Ww.
"D’¿§-kq‡w' sNm√p-Ibpw Ign-hp-t]mse Zm\w aqX-em-bh
sNøp-Ibpw thWw.
D∂sa DZIw h´w bYm \n∂w ]]-Ø-Xn.
Gh-ta-h, CtXm Zn∂w t]Xm-\Mv D]-Im-∏Xn ˛ (1)
bYm hmcn-hlm ]qcm ]cn-]p-tc¥n kmK-cßv
Gh-tah CtXm Zn∂w t]Xm-\Mv D]-Im-∏Xn ˛ (2)
C—n-XMv ]∞nXv Xpbvlw Jn∏-tah kan-P-vQXp
ks∫ ]ptc¥p NnØ-k-¶∏m Ntμm-]-∂-ctkm bYm ˛ (3)
Bbp-cm-tcmKy kav]Øn k§-k-av]-Xn-ta-hN
XtXm \n∫m\ kav]-Xn, Can\m sX kan-P-vQ-Xp. ˛ (4)
8180
1. F{]ImcamtWm aeapIfn¬\n∂pw Pew Xmgvhcbnte°v
HgpInsbØp∂Xv, A{]Imcw GsXms° Zm\mXn
kXvI¿Ω߃ sNbvXn´p≠v AXv arXhy‡nbnte°v
FØnt®cp∂p.
2. F{]ImcamtWm PeØm¬ \ZnIƒ kap{Zw \ndbv°p∂Xv
A{]Imcw GsXms° Zm\mXn kXvI¿Ωƒ sNbvXn´p≠v
AXv arXhy‡nbnte°v FØnt®cp∂p.
3. \n߃ F¥mtWm ]q¿ØnbmIphm≥ B{Kln°p∂Xv
AXv s]s´∂v k^eamIs´. F√m NnØv k¶ev]ßfpw
]u¿Æanbnse N{μs\t∏mse ]q¿ÆamIs´.
4. Cu kXvI¿ΩØn¬ \n߃°v BbqcmtcmKy\n¿ΔmW
kpJw {]m]n°s´.
hn[n-I¿Ømthm arX-hy-‡n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬
\n∂p≈ Bsc-¶ntem Hcmƒ a¨Ip-S-Øn¬ \n∂v ip≤-Pew
as‰mcp sam¥-bn-te°v ]Xps° Hgn-°-mw AXn-\n-S-bn¬ hn[n-
I¿Ømhv Cßs\ ]d-b-Ww.
CZw tlm Rm\n\w tlXp kpJnXm tlmXp
RmXtbmw
tijw hn[n-I¿Øm-hv, BNm-cy≥, [Ω-Nmcn As√-¶n¬
lmP-cm-bn-´p≈ P\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Bsc-¶nepw Hcmƒ A\n-Xy-
X, PV-Xzw, Zp:Jw XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ß-sf-∏‰n sNdnb {]h-N-\-
߃ \S-Ø-Ww. Ah-km\w [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY sNm√-Ww.
hn[n-{Iaw:˛
{Xni-c¨, ]©-io¬, kIm-cm-fl-I, ]©-io-ew, _p≤-
]q-P, {XncXv\ hμ-\, DXvk¿§v kp‡w, [Ω-{]-h-N-\w, BZ-cm-
⁄-en, [Ω-]m-e≥KmY.
Krl-{]-thiw]pXn-b-Xmbn \n¿Ωn® hoSp-I-fnepw Hcp hoSv Dt]-£n®v
as‰mcp ho´n -te°v Xmakw am‰p -tºmgpw Krl-{]-thi
BtLmjw sNøp-∂Xv DNn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ CXv \n¿_-‘-an-
√. hoSv hrØn-bm-°n-b-Xn\v tijw Hcp tbmPn® ÿm\Øv
]qPm-ÿm\w D≠m-°n AhnSw \√-t]mse Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww. "Cu
ÿm\w ÿnc-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw'. ho´n-ep≈ apgp-h≥
AwK-ßfpw hrØn-bp≈ hkv{X-߃ [cn®v ]qP-ÿ-e-Øn\v
ap≥]n-en-cn-°-Ww. tijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv {Xn ic¨ ]©-io¬,
kImcm-flIv ]©-io¬, _p≤-]q-Pm, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\, cXv\-kq-
Ø, alm-aw-Kf kpØv, Ic-Wnb saØ-kpØv Ch sNm√-Ww.
aZy-]m-\w, ]pI-h-en, NqXp-Ifn XpS-ßnb Aaw-K-f-Im-
cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Cu hoSv Hgn™v \n¬°p-Ibpw AXp-t]mse
\nXyhpw hoSv hrØn-bmbn kq£n-°p-Ibpw ho´n¬ im¥n-bp-
tS-Xmb A¥-co£w krjvSn-°p-Ibpw thWw. ho´n¬ F√m
AwK-߃°v kpJhpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v Btcm-Kyhpw hnZym- ym-khpw
\¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ {i≤ hbv°p-Ibpw thWw. AXp-t]mse "Blm-
c-]-Zm¿∞-߃ \jvSs∏Sp-ØmsX kq£n-°pI' XpS-ßnb Imcy-
ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-߃ \S-Ø-Ww. Cu Xc-Øn¬ `K-hm≥
_p≤\pw At±-l-Øns‚ [Ωhpw F∂ [Ω ]pkvX-I-Øn¬
\nt∂m [Ω-]Zw \n∂pw ""temI-h§'' AXp-t]mse "ioe-[-ΩI
kzcq]v' XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ tbmPn® {]h-N-\-߃
sNø-Ww. tijw F√m-hcpw tN¿∂v "kt∫ kØm kpJn
tlm¥p' im¥-ambn sNm√p-I.
kabw In´p-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Ah-km\w [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY
sNm√n h∂n-´p≈h¿°v F√mw \μnbpw ]d™v kmh[m\w
]cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°p-I.
hn[n-I¿Ωw:˛
{Xni-c¨ ]©-in¬, kIm-cm-flI ]©-in¬, _p≤-
]p-Pm, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\, cXv\-kp-Øv, alm-aw-Kf kpØ, IcWob-
saØ kpØv, [Ω-]m-e≥ KmY.
8382
ka¿∏W hn[nCu BtLmjw _u≤-hn-lm-c-ß-fpsS DZvLm-S-\w
hnlm-c-Øn¬ AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p≈ _p≤ t_m[n-k-Xz-cq-]-ßsf
ÿm]n-°p∂ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. AØcw Ah-
k-c-ß-fn¬ A¥-co£w hfsc im¥hpw kpJ-{]-Zhpw Bbn-cn-
°Ww am{X-a√ D®-kz-c-Øn-ep≈ euUv kv]o°-dn¬ \n∂p≈
Km\-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂p ap‡hpw a‰v bmsXmcp Xc-
Øn-ep≈ Aim-¥nbpw D≠m-Im≥]m-Sn-√. "kn\na' BZn-bm-b-
h-bnse Km\-߃ Xo¿®-bmbpw Hgn-hm-°-Ww. Ah Cu ka-
b-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-a-√. F∂m¬ a\-kn\v kt¥mjw \¬Ip∂
DØ-a-amb efn-Xhpw, {]Ir-Xn-tbm-Sn-W-ßn-b-Xp-amb kwKo-X-D-
]-I-cW kwKo-X-hm-Z\w XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS hmb\ DØ-a-am-Wv.
BZy-ambn ]qPm-ÿm\w bYm-hn[n Ae-¶-cn-°-Ww.
Ccn-°p∂ F√m-hcpw aq∂p-{]m-hiyw hn[n-b-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ]©mw-
K-{]-Wmaw sNøpI Bh-iy-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ P\-kw-Jybpw
ka-bhpw A\p-k-cn®v {]Wmaw sNø-Ww. Cu kabw F√m
kmaq-ln-I-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ {Xni-c-Ww, ]©-in¬, kImcm-flIv
]©-io¬ Ch sNm√-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw hn[n-I¿Ømhv
ka¿∏W KmY BNm-c-thfbn¬ BZyw ]d-bp-Ibpw tijw
F√m-hcpw ]n∂mse ˛ ]n∂mse AtX‰v sNm√-Ww. hn[n-
I¿Ømhv _p≤-]q-P, {Xnc-Xv\-h-μ-\, alm-aw-Kf kqØv, Pb-aw-
Kf AjvS-Km-Y, Ic-Wo-b-sa-Ø-kpØv Cu kp‡-߃°v tijw
[Ω-]m-e≥ KmY sNm√n BtLmjw ip`-]-cy-h-km-\n-∏n-°-Ww.
[Ω-]m-e≥ KmYbv°v apºv [Ω-{]-h-N\w \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
ka¿∏WwR߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w {Xnc-Xv\-߃°v ka¿∏n-°p∂p
a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®v ]q¿Æ-amb Adn-hns‚ BZ¿iw Dƒs°m-≈p∂
_p≤\v R߃ Cu CSw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
GXv [Ω-am¿§ BN-cW tlX-hm-bmtWm R߃ A\p-{K-l-s∏-´n-cn-
°p-∂Xv B [Ω-Øn\v R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
FhnsS \n∂mtWm ]c-kv]cw sF-iz-cy-]q¿Æ-amb kvt\l-Øns‚
B\μw R߃ FSp-°p-∂Xv B kwL-Øn\v R߃ Cu CSw
ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
ChnsS bmsXmcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ hy¿∞-amb i_vtZm-—m-c-W-ß-fn-√.
N©e hnNm-c-߃ sIm≠v Rß-fpsS a\- p-Iƒ ChnsS Iºn-X-s∏-Sp-∂n√
]©-io-e-Øns‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v th≠n, [ym\-N-cy-bpsS A`ym-k-
Øn\v th≠n ]q¿Æ-amb ⁄m\w {]m]n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n {]⁄-
bpsS hnIm-k-Øn\v th≠n R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
_mly-temIw kwL¿j]qcn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ChnsS im¥n am{X-
am-Ip-∂p. _mly-temIw Zp:J]q-cn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ChnsS B\-μ-
ap≠v. shdpw {KŸ-ß-fpsS ]T\w sIm≠v ]hn-{XX e`y-a√. Pew
Xfn-°p-∂Xv sIm≠v ]hn-{XX a\- n-em-Ip-∂n√. B¿°mtWm BN-c-
W-ß-fn¬ IqSn ]q¿Æ ⁄m\w e`n-®Xv AØ-cØnep-≈-h¿°v
R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
Cu ]cn-a-fi-e-Ønse F√m-h-cnepw Cu ]hn{X CS-Ønse F√m-h-
cnepw ]cn-ip-≤n-bpsS Ia-e-]p-jv]-߃ hnS-cs´
Cu ]cn-a-fi-e-Ønse F√m-h-cnepw Cu ]hn{X CS-Ønse F√m-h-
cnepw ZrV k¶-ev]-Øns‚ h{P-˛-XSw \ne-\n-ev°s´
Cu ]cn-a-fi-e-Ønse F√m-h-cnepw Cu ]hn-{X-C-S-Ønse F√m-h-
cnepw kwkm-c-\n¿Δ-W-Ønse am‰w hcp-Øp∂ A·n-Pzme Db-cs´
Chn-sS-bn-cp-∂v, ChnsS A`y-kn®v \ΩpsS a\ v {]_p-≤-am-hs´.
\ΩpsS hnNm-c-߃ [Ω-am-hs . \ΩpsS ]c-kv]c _‘w kwL-am-hs´
k¿Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-ß-fpsS kpJ-Øn\v th≠nbpw k¿Δ-Po-h-Pm-e-ß-fp-
sS lnX-Øn\v th≠nbpw hm°mepw ˛a-\- m-epw˛ {]h¿Øn-bmepw
R߃ Cu ]pWy-ÿm\w ka¿∏n-°p∂p
8584
(CXv BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb D¿§bo≥ kwL-c-£nXv cNn® Cw•ojv Imhy-
Øns‚ lnμn X¿÷-a-bpsS ae-bmfw ]cn-`m-j-bm-Wv)
Ipdn∏v:˛ _u≤ hnlm-c-߃ [Ω kwkvIm-c-ß-fpsS tI{μ-ß-fm-Wv.
Ahsb cmjv{So-b-am-bpw, ]m¿´n-]-c-am-bpw, kzImcy Xmev]-cy-ß-fp-tS-
Xmb tI{μ-ß-fn¬ \n∂v am‰n \n¿Ø-Ww. Ah k¿Δ P\-߃°pw
th≠nhFt∏m-gpw apgp-In-b-h-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. hnlm-c-ß-fpsS \nba
CS]mSp-Iƒ kpio-e-cpw, hn\-b-cpw, [Ω PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb
kZm-Nm-cn-I-fm-b-h-cpsS ssII-fn¬ Bbn-cn-°-Ww.
Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-fp-tS-bpw Zpkz-`m-hn-I-fp-tSbpw ssII-fn¬ Bbn-cn-°-cp-Xv.
Ah-cpsS [Ω-Im-cy-߃ \nc-¥cw \oco-£n-°-Ww. _u≤-P-\-߃Cu Imcy-ß-fn¬ F√m-bvt∏mgpw PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww.
ipt`—m
CNOn-XMv ]XvYnXMv Xpb-vlMv Jn∏-tah kan-P’Xp
kt∫ ]ptc¥p NnØk-¶∏m Ntμm ]∂-ctkm bYm(1)
A`n-hm-Z-\-kn-en \n®Mv apSvTm-]-Nm-bnt\m
NØmtcm [Ωm hS-vTm¥n Bbp htÆm kpJMv _e-Mv(2)
k_o-Xntbm hnh-÷-≥Xp kt∫tcmtKm hn\- Xp
am tX `hXvh¥cmtbm kpJn `nLm-bptIm `h(3)
`hXp k∫ awK-e-Mv, cIv-J¥p k∫. tZhXm
k∫ _p≤m-\p-`m-th-\, kZm tkmXvYn `h≥Xp -tX(4)
`hXp k∫ awK-e-Mv, cI-vJ\vXp k∫ tZhXm
k∫ [Ωm-\p-`m-th\, kZm tkmXvYn `h-\vXp tX (5)
`hXp k∫ awKeMv cI-J\vXp k∫ tZhXm
k∫ kwLm\p `mth-\, kZm tkmXvYn `h\vXp tX (6)
1. Xm¶ƒ Bhiys∏Sp∂tXm, B{Kln°p∂tXm Bb F√mhkvXp°fpw Xm¶ƒ°v io{LKXnbn¬ {]m]vXamIs´.Xm¶fpsS a\ nep≈ F√m k¶ev]ßfpw ]u¿ÆanbnseN{μs\t∏mse ]q¿ÆamIs´.
2. B¿°mtWm A`nhmZ\ioeap≈Xv BcmtWmapXn¿∂hsc tkhn°p∂Xv AhcpsS \mep Imcy߃Dbcs´. Bbp v, bi v, kpJw, _ew.
3. F√m Bk‡nIfn¬\n∂pw Xm¶ƒ Hgn™p\n¬°s´.F√m tcmKßfnepw XS ßfnepw \n∂v Xm¶ƒtamNnX\mIs´. Xm¶ƒ kpJw D≈h\pw Zo¿Lmbp vD≈h\pamIs´.
4. Xm¶ƒ°v F√m awKfßfpw D≠mIs´. F√m tZhXIfpwXm¶sf c£n°s´. _p≤ `mh\bm¬ F√mbvt∏mgpwk¿ΔawKfw `hn°s´.
5. Xm¶ƒ°v F√m awKfßfpw D≠mIs´. F√m tZhXIfpwXm¶sf c£n°s´. [Ω `mh\bm¬ F√mbvt∏mgpwk¿ΔawKfw `hn°s´.
6. Xm¶ƒ°v F√m awKfßfpw D≠mIs´. F√m tZhXIfpwXm¶sf c£n°s´. kwL`mh\bm¬ F√mbvt∏mgpw
k¿ΔawKfw `hn°s´.
86 87
tUm._n.B¿.Awt_Zv°dpsS IØv
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar MA.Ph.D., D.Sc. LL.D; D.Lit,Barrister At Law. Member Council of States
26, Alipore Road, Civil Line, New DelhiDated: The 4th Dec. 1956.
Dear Mr. Kardak,Please refer to your letter of 12th November 1956. The
Buddhist marriage ceremony is simple. There is no Hom andthere is no Saptapadi. The essence of ceremony lies in placingan earthern pot newly made between the bride and the bride-groom on stool and to fill it brimful with water. The bride andthe bridegroom to stand on two sides of the pot. They shouldplace a cotton thread in water pot and each hold one end ofthread in there hands. Some one should sing the Mangal Sutta.Both bride and bridegroom should wear white clothes.
To,
Shri V.S. Kardak Yours Sincerely,41-2; 3rd Marine Street, (Dr. B.R. AMBEDKAR)Bombay-2.
tUm._n.B¿.Awt_Zv°dpsS IØv
tUm._n.B¿.Awt_Zv°¿ MA.Ph.D., D.Sc. LL.D; D.Lit,Barrister At Law. Member Council of States
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Pew \nd®v h[q-h-c≥am¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp Ãqfn¬ hbv°pI. Cu
IpS-Øns‚ Ccp-h-iØpw h[q-h-c-∑m¿ \n¬°p-Ibpw Hcp Ab-
™-\q-ens‚ A{Kw IpS-Ønse Pe-Øn¬ XmgvØp-∂p. AXns‚
at‰ A{Kw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw ssIsIm≠v ]nSn-°-Ww. Bsc-¶nepw
Hcmƒ h[q-h-c-∑m¿°v {Xni-c¨ ]©-io¬, alm-aw-Kf kp‡w
Ch sNm√n-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ h[q-h-c≥am¿
shfpØ hkv{Xw [cn-°-Ww.
To,
{io. hn.Fkv. Im¿sUIv Bflm¿∞XtbmsS,
41-2; 3rd assd≥ kv{So‰v (Dr. B.R.Awt_Zv°¿)
t_mws_˛2.
88 89
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°p-Itbm sNøn-°p-Itbm thWw. IqSmsX "`K-hm≥ _p≤\pw
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iy-am-Wv.
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