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FUNERALS & MEMORIALSFUNERALS & MEMORIALS

US Army Chaplain Center & School (USACHCS)

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This training product is dedicated to the memory of

CHAPLAIN (COLONEL) DAVID L. (“Pilgrim”) HOWARD15 June 1948 - 28 January 1997

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Beloved…

ChaplainRangerSoldierHusbandFatherBrotherFriend

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MISSIONMISSION

CHAPLAIN ASSISTANT’S ROLECHAPLAIN ASSISTANT’S ROLE

CHAPLAIN’S DUAL ROLESCHAPLAIN’S DUAL ROLES

DEATH NOTIFICATIONDEATH NOTIFICATION

GRIEF PROCESSGRIEF PROCESS

PLANNING THE FUNERALPLANNING THE FUNERAL

MILITARY HONORS FUNERALSMILITARY HONORS FUNERALS

MEMORIAL SERVICEMEMORIAL SERVICE

SERVICE vs CEREMONYSERVICE vs CEREMONY

MEMORIAL CEREMONYMEMORIAL CEREMONY

EMERGENCY BURIALSEMERGENCY BURIALS

APPENDIXAPPENDIX

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TRAINING OBJECTIVESTRAINING OBJECTIVES

CIVILIAN CLERGYCIVILIAN CLERGY

JEWISH SERVICEJEWISH SERVICE

CATHOLIC SERVICECATHOLIC SERVICE

THE FLAGTHE FLAG

CREMATIONCREMATION

TRAINING OBJECTIVES

Terminal Learning Objective (TLO):

Review chaplain duties at military funerals, memorial ceremonies, and memorial services in field or garrison.

Training Objectives - continued

Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) 1: Perform memorial services & ceremonies.

ELO2: Conduct a funeral service with full honors for a cremation.

ELO3: Review requirements for various types of wartime burials.

MISSION

Honoring the dead is one of the most critical and visible tasks that you and your chaplain assistant will perform as a Unit Ministry

Team (UMT). It is the very heart and soul of the Army Chaplaincy.

Mission - cont’d

Honoring the dead highlights the chaplain's primary roles during: military funerals, memorial services, and ceremonies to ensure that they are done with dignity, professionalism, and spiritual sensitivity.

Each duty has specific responsibilities in funerals and memorials

CLERGY STAFF

CHAPLAIN’S TWO-FOLD ROLE

Every chaplain has a TWO-FOLD role as clergy and staff officer.

CLERGY DUTIES

As CLERGY the chaplain is responsible for the religious aspects of the funeral service.

STAFF DUTIES

As SPECIAL STAFF OFFICER the chaplain will PERFORM the chaplain’s portion of the military honors.

THE ROLE OF THE CHAPLAIN ASSISTANT

Consults local SOPs and regulations.

Prepares and ensures accuracy of bulletins

Arranges chapel IAW the chaplain’s guidance.

Liaison with command, chapel staff, and funeral detail.

Assignment of Duty

The chaplain assigned to funeral duty by the Installation Chaplain’s Office (using a funeral roster).

After being assigned, the chaplain contacts: Next higher UMT Unit Command Casualty Assistance Officer

NCO (CAO/NCO) Honor Guard Funeral Director Immediate Family

Death Notification Process

The chaplain should never BE the notification officer.

This would hinder ministry to the bereaved.

The chaplain ACCOMPANIES the Notification Officer as part of the team. This benefits the team members and the bereaved alike.

The Grief Process(Dr. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross)

Persons in grief usually go through certain stages:

• Denial

• Anger

• Bargaining

• Depression

• Acceptance

The Grief Process - cont’d

DENIAL: Refusal to believe the loved one is gone.

ANGER: Often directed toward God, and caregivers (doctors, family, etc.) who “could have saved” the deceased.

BARGAINING: Trying to make a deal with God to make the death not be true. This sort of “magical thinking” is very much like denial.

DEPRESSION: This may include a sense that one’s own identity has been lost if one’s perception of self is tied to the dead person. Depression sometimes leads to suicide.

ACCEPTANCE: The person has finally “come to grips” with the loss of the loved one. Life is able to “go on”, different, but enjoyable in a new way.

Planning the Funeral

The primary responsibility for planning the funeral rests with the Next-of-Kin (NOK).

The chaplain makes every effort to comply with family desires, as regulation and protocol permit.

If the family requests military honors, either military or civilian clergy may conduct them.

When Civilian Clergy Officiates

The chaplain may

Assist in conducting the funeral service.

Act as an escort.

FUNERAL PROCEDURES

Chapel Service

Graveside Service

All Military Face the Casket and Salute:

At the sound of Honors. While the casket is

moved.

During cannon salutes.

During the firing of

volleys.

While Taps is played.

FULL MILITARY HONORSMilitary Funeral

Includes at least (depending on resources available):

Flag draped over casket or with an urn

Bugler (for Taps) Military Pallbearers Firing Party Military Chaplain Escort appropriate to the

grade of the deceased

Arrival of the Casket

Funeral OIC/NCOIC checks casket for proper placement of flag.

Blue field covers area over deceased’s left shoulder.

The chaplain stands curbside and salutes as the casket passes by on, and is removed from, the hearse.

SYMBOL KEY

Seating of Family Members

Family members sit in chairs /pews on the right front of the chapel.

Entering the Chapel - Chaplain Leads

The chaplain leads the procession into the chapel by walking slowly and reverently in front of the casket.

Funeral Pall (if used) is placed on the casket.

Entering the Chapel - Pallbearers

The pallbearers position the casket according to the chaplain's instructions.

If civilian ushers take the casket to and from the altar, pallbearers remain in the narthex or foyer. Pallbearers who are friends of the family will move into the pews or chairs to the left.

Inside ChapelUniforms and Vestments

The chaplain may wear appropriate denominational vestments or uniform.

Other soldiers wear EMPTY pistol belts.

Fulfills the requirement to be “under arms”

Order of Funeral Service

The Order of Service is according to:

The desires of the

Next-of-Kin.

The family’s faith

tradition.

The chaplain’s

religious orientation.

Processional from the Chapel

The chaplain leads the procession out of the chapel.

Two pallbearers turn the casket.

The chaplain stops in the Narthex to face the casket.

If a funeral pall is used, the pallbearers will place the flag on the casket.

The chaplain leads casket out of the chapel and stands curbside.

Casket Placed in Hearse/Caisson

Casket placed in hearse/caisson.

Chaplain and Funeral OIC/NCOIC stand at attention and salute casket.

If wearing vestments, the chaplain may change into uniform prior to graveside service.

Chaplain joins official party at grave site.

Processional from ChapelArlington National Cemetery

Colors (SGM and above) Caisson (SGM and above) Caparisoned Horse (COL or Above) Honorary Pallbearers (if requested by

the family) Army Band (Full band -

All Warrant Officers & All Commissioned Officers; Bugler and Drummers -SGM)

Cannon Volleys (Major General and above)

Personal Colors (Major General and above)

Honor Guard Escort (SGM and above)

*If authorized

Order of Processional to Graveside

Funeral escort commander Army band* Colors* Honorary pallbearers Clergy Hearse or Caisson Pallbearers Personal flag* Caparisoned Horse* Family Friends

Processional to Cemetery

At the Gravesite

At the CemeteryCurbside

Chaplain and the OIC/NCOIC arrive early and stand at the curbside to await the arrival of the casket.

The casket is saluted as it arrives.

At the CemeteryGreeting the Family

If the chaplain's first meeting with the family is at the cemetery, condolences may be offered at this time.

At Committal Site

Chaplain salutes as Hearse/Caisson passes.

Chaplain comes to “Order Arms” and takes a position in front of the casket.

Chaplain leads the processional to the grave site.

Chaplain’s Position for Committal Service

Chaplain stands at the head of the casket facing the deceased’s family members and the casket (side with blue field of the flag).

Chaplain may wear head covering at the ceremony.

If the chaplain removes head covering, so should all other military personnel, except the official participants.

Jewish Services

When the officiating chaplain is a rabbi and wears a yarmulke (Jewish skull cap), all personnel remain covered.

Position of Pallbearers at Committal Service

Once the casket is placed

on lowering device:

The pallbearers remain facing the casket, holding flag raised in a horizontal position, waist high.

The Committal Service

Brief committal service with selected readings and prayer.

The religious portion of graveside service at the discretion of the officiating chaplain's faith practice.

Contact a local religious leader for religious practices outside your faith group.

Catholic Committal Services

If holy water or ashes are to be used during the Catholic committal service, the chaplain tells the pallbearers prior to the service.

Conclusion of Graveside Service

The chaplain gives a prearranged signal to Funeral OIC/NCOIC to alert the official party that religious portion of service is completed.

Funeral OIC/NCOIC begins military honors with:

The firing of volleys

Sounding of Taps

Folding of the flag

Pallbearers raise the flag and hold it over the casket in a horizontal position, waist high, until Taps is sounded. Do not let the flag touch the casket. Fold theflag, using the steps below:

1. Fold the lower, striped section of the flag over the blue field.

FOLDED EDGE

2. Fold the folded edge over to meet the open edge.

OPEN EDGE

FOLDED EDGE

FOLDING THE FLAG

5. Continue folding until the entire length of the flag is folded into a triangle with only the blue field and margin showing.

6. Tuck the remaining margin into the pocket formed by the folds at the blue edge of the flag.

3. Start a triangular fold by bringing the striped corner of the folded edge to the open edge.

OPEN EDGEFOLDED EDGE

4. Fold the outer point inward, parallel with the open edge to form a second triangle.

7. Be sure the flag resembles a cocked hat.

FOLDING THE FLAG - cont’d

Presenting the Flag

Decide who is to present the flag before the ceremony.

Traditionally, either the chaplain or the Funeral OIC/NCOIC presents the flag to the Next Of Kin (NOK).

Presenting the Flag - cont’d

Presenter's position is behind and within five feet of OIC/NCOIC.

The flag is folded and passed to the Funeral OIC/NCOIC.

The Funeral OIC/NCOIC inspects proper folding of flag.

Proper Transfer of the Flag

The chaplain receives the flag by...

Placing the right hand under the flag and left hand on top of the flag.

After the Transfer of the FlagFuneral OIC/NCOIC Actions

After transferring the flag to chaplain or presenter, the Funeral OIC/NCOIC salutes for approximately three seconds and executes “About Face.”

If funeral OIC/NCOIC or chaplain is not pleased with appearance of flag, with permission from the NOK, pallbearers may step to the side and refold flag.

Passing the Flag to the Next-of-Kin (NOK)

The flag is presented to Next-of- Kin with the long side facing the recipient.

The Next-of-Kin is told: "This flag is presented on behalf of a grateful nation as a token of our appreciation for the honorable and faithful service rendered by your loved one. (Or use the deceased person’s name)"

After Presentation of the Flag to the Next-of-Kin

The chaplain or presenter:

Steps back one pace.

Salutes the flag slowly, holding the salute for at least three seconds.

The chaplain may share words of comfort with the family.

Chaplain’s Military Bearing

The chaplain may be senior military representative present and MUST:

Exhibit military bearing.

Ensure proper ceremonial movements and appearance in accordance with the highest tradition of Army excellence.

Cremated RemainsTransfer to the Committal Site

The pallbearer carrying the folded flag will be to the RIGHT of the cremated remains.

The chaplain will always lead the flag and cremated remains into chapel and committal site.

The processional to the committal site may include four pallbearers as escorts.

Cremated RemainsPlacement for Funeral Service

Cremated remains are placed to the LEFT of the folded flag.

If two pallbearers are walking to committal site, they will be joined by the four additional pallbearers.

Cremation ServiceInterment of Remains

When cremated remains are temporarily interred at a crematory:

Military honors will consist of only the pallbearers.

Firing of volleys and sounding of Taps are conducted at discretion of the OIC/NCOIC.

The firing of volleys and sounding of Taps take place when remains are interred permanently at the Columbarium or Cinerarium vault.

Consult local religious leaders for guidance concerning cremation practices of other religious groups.

Fraternal/Sororal or Patriotic Organizations

Fraternal/sororal/patriotic organizations may participate in services IAW the wishes of the family.

However, under no circumstances will fraternal organizations override chaplain's denominational practice or the military portion of ceremony.

Memorial Services and Ceremonies

Memorial Services - Religious in nature. Voluntary attendance. The officiating chaplain should represent the same faith group as the deceased. Rites and sacraments are guided by the deceased soldier's faith group

Memorial Ceremony - Command patriotic ceremony. Mandatory attendance.

Local SOPs

The Local Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):

Help the officiating chaplain plan Services or ceremonies.

Describe the chaplain’s (and UMT’s) responsibilities.

Specify Commander/Unit /1SG responsibilities.

List administrative procedures.

Explains sequence of events.

Suggests memorial displays.

During Military Operations

Circumstances and tactical situation determine the length and order of memorial services and ceremonies.

Memorial (Religious) Service - Order of Service

Prelude Invocation Scripture Reading Meditation Prayer Silent Tribute Last Roll Call Taps Benediction

Memorial (Command) Ceremony

Memorial CEREMONIES are NOT religious. Therefore:

Altar setting in the chapel is neutral.

Remove all religious symbols from the chapel/area.

Religious vestments are not worn.

Religious language specific to any one faith group is prohibited.

BRIGADE CHAPEL #1

Monday, 1400 Hours, 10 June 19XX

IN MEMORY OF(Name of Deceased)

X Company

FIRST BASIC COMBATTRAINING BRIGADEFORT XX, XXXXXXX

(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)(Rank and Name of Participant) (Title)

Memorial Ceremony Bulletin

Posting of colors National Anthem Invocation Commander's remarks Memorial tribute, Biography/Service Record Silent tribute Last Roll Call Taps Firing of volleys Retiring of colors

“The Last Roll Call”

An Army tradition that vividly portrays absence of a fallen soldier and the unit's sense of loss.

Soldiers’ names are called, including deceased’s name.

Usually not used when family is present due to traumatic effect.

Emergency Wartime Burial

Remains of the deceased in wartime are usually returned to the home of record. However, on rare occasions, an emergency wartime burial may be necessary.

It is essential, especially in the stress of imminent battle, that the chaplain conduct wartime burials with dignity and care.

Emergency Wartime Burial - cont’d

Emergency wartime burials may include:

Group burials Emergency/hasty burial Trench burial Unidentified dead Burial of contaminated remains

Emergency Wartime BurialsHasty Burials

Remains placed in east/west direction with the feet toward the east.

APPENDIXReligious Support to the Dying

Make every effort to find a chaplain of the dying soldier’s faith.

Prayers when a chaplain of the soldier’s faith is unavailable May be offered by anyone, including:

chaplain assistant, commanding officer, platoon leader, or another soldier in order to comfort the dying soldier.

Emergency Baptisms: Respect the different forms of baptism and the desires of the person being baptized.

Prayers Last Requests

Christian

• Catholic

–Hail Mary

–Act of Contrition

–Sign of the Cross

Christian

• Protestant

–The Lord’s Prayer

–The Apostle’s Creed

–Prayer for the Sick and Wounded

Christian

• Orthodox

Jewish• THE SHEMA• THE CONFESSION OF THE

CRITICALLY ILL• THE 23RD PSALM

Moslem

• The Shahada

• Prayers for the Dying

APPENDIXMemorial Prayers

Sample Prayers for Memorial Services

May be said by anyone in the absence of the chaplain

Catholic Protestant Eastern Orthodox

Jewish

Moslem

APPENDIXReferences

DOD Form 1380, Field Medical Card AR 165-1, Chaplain Activities in the Army AR 290-5, Army National Cemeteries AR 600-10, The Army Casualty System AR 600-25, Salutes, Honors, and Visits of Courtesy AR 638-30, Graves Registration Organization and Functions in Support of Major Military

Operations AR 639-1, Disposition of Personal Effects of Deceased and Missing Persons AR 638-40, Care and Disposition of Remains AR 840-10, Flags, Guidons, Streamers, Tabards, Automobile, and Aircraft Plates FM 3-87, Nuclear, Biological, Chemical (NBC) Reconnaissance and Decontamination

Operations FM 10-57F, Soldier’s Manual, 57F, Graves Registration Specialist FM 10-63, Handling of Deceased Personnel in Theaters of Operations FM 10-63-1, Graves registration Handbook FM 12-50, Army Bands FM 16-1, Religious Support FM 22-5, Drill and Ceremonies FM 22-100, Military Leadership FM 100-10, Combat Service Support TC 16-2, Religious Support to Casualties, Memorial and Funeral Services DA Pam 1-1, State, Official, and Special Military Funerals Kubler-Ross, Elizabeth, On Death and Dying, MacMillan, NY, NY, 1969

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