harkness2e chap15 ppt

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Chapter 15: Emerging

Infectious Diseases

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Chapter Highlights• Emerging versus reemerging infectious

diseases• Factors that influence the

emergence/reemergence of infectious diseases

• Recent emerging/reemerging infectious diseases

• Prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases

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Question

Is the following statement true or false?Factors that influence the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated.

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Answer

TrueRationale: Factors that influence the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated.

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Emerging Infectious Disease• A newly identified clinically distinct

infectious disease or the reappearance

(or reemergence) of a known infectious disease after its decline with an incidence that is increasing in a certain geographic area or in a specific population

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Factors That Influence Emerging Infectious Diseases

• Microbial adaptation and change• Human susceptibility to infection• Climate, changing ecosystems, and

human behavior• Travel, technology, and industry• Lack of political will and breakdown of

public health infrastructure

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Question

Is the following statement true or false?Epidemics and pandemics can place long-term demands on healthcare systems.

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Answer

FalseRationale: Epidemics and pandemics can place sudden and intense demands on healthcare systems.

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Recent Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome• MERS-CoV• Avian influenza• H1N1 Influenza• Novel Avian influenza A• West Nile virus• E. Coli 0157:H7

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Tuberculosis

• Epidemiology of tuberculosis• Symptoms and signs of tuberculosis• Latent tuberculosis and HIV infection

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Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis

• Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection

• Treatment of active tuberculosis• Diagnostic and public health evaluation

of tuberculosis contacts• Tuberculosis diagnostic tests• Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis• Infection control guidelines for healthcare

settings

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QuestionIs the following statement true or false?Certain zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with zoo animals.

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Answer

FalseRationale: Certain zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to humans through contact with animals and birds.

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Ebola Virus Disease• Signs and symptoms and diagnosis• Infection prevention and control

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Question

Is the following statement true or false?Outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development.

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Answer

TrueIn addition to morbidity and mortality, outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development.