hormon gds
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GROWTH FACTOR
IGF, EGF, PDGF, FGF, etc
Extracelluler signal moleculesLarge variety
Very low concentration
(10E- ! 10E-11 "#
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INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTORS
IGF I (somatome$in-%#& '0
IGF II ( somatome$in-#& )'
*tructure+ omolog insulinave an$ . cains connecte$ /y
$isuli$e /on$s
2e connecting %-3e3ti$e
Dierences in unctions an$ eects witinsulin
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IGF-I
2e uman IGF-I gene is locate$
on te long arm o cromosome 14
G a33ears to /e te 3rimary
regulator o IGF-I gene transcri3tion
Im3ortant or /ot etal an$
3ostnatal growt
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IGF-I rece3tor similar to I7
as intrinsic tyrosine 9inase activity
! li9e insulin rece3tor7ece3tor are $imer
IGF -I /in$ing to rece3tor
→ casca$e o 3os3orylationslea$ing to succession o activations,lea$ing to en$ eect on organ
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P25L5G:
cromegaly
Pituitary $warism
Laron syn$rome+ /normal IGF
rece3tor wit low IGF an$ ig
circulating G levels
norexia 8ervousa+ ig G
an$ low IGF
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Laron Syndrome
↑ GH, ↓IGF-1
Short stature
↓ blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Poor muscle deelopme!t
"steoporosis
#a! be treated $ith IGF-1 to correct
gro$th, a!d certai! metaboliccha!ges
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IGF -II
m78 oun$ in liver, cartilage an$oters
Foun$ in tro3o/last cells an$enances 3lacental growt2e uman IGF-II gene is locate$
on te sort arm o cromosome 11
7ece3tor is a monomerIn excess can stimulate insulin
receptor and cause hypoglycemia
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EGF
Poly3e3ti$e,140'-amino-aci$
"em/rane rece3tor glyco3rotein
7ece3tor+ monomer, intrinsic
tyrosine 9inase activity
2yrosine 9inase!me$iate$
auto3os3orylation
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EGF /in$s rece3tor
7ece3tor $imeri;es
Protein 9inase intracellular $omain
3os3orylates sites on its $imeric
3artner (trans3os3orylation#
Pos3orylate tyrosines
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%ellular Functions
%ell 3rolieration
*timulates 3rolieration o many cell
ty3esDierentiation
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Pysiological Functions
=oun$ ealing
%orneal e3itelium
8eonatal growt an$ $evelo3ment
! Promotes eyeli$ o3ening an$
toot eru3tion
! "ammary glan$ $evelo3mentDevelo3ment o a$ult tissues
! *3erm $evelo3ment
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Androgens and Estrogens
Pro$uce$ in gona$s (ovaries, testes#
an$ a$renal glan$s, ↑ in 3u/erty
=ill use e3i3ysis an$ sto3 lineargrowt
Earlier 3u/erty in women contri/utes
to teir sorter stature
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Estrogen
During 3u/erty+ 4> sex
caracteristicsPromotes growt o uterus
*ta/ili;es /loo$ cells in s9in
.one strengt
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Em/ryonic *exual Develo3ment
Indifferent gonads
Testes Ovaries
TDF No TDF
Mullerian Duct
Wolffian duct
Other embryonicstructures
Testosterone MIF No testosterone
No MIF
Degenerates Uterus, fallopiantubes
Epididymis, vasdeferens
Degenerates
Prostate, penis,scrotum
agina, labia,clitoris
MIF No MIF
testosterone No
testosterone
DHT No
DHT
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Vitamin A
Vitamin A is chemically
considered a subgroup of the
“Retinoids”Identified as a fat-soluble factor
for Cellular differentiation and
morphogenesis (em/ryonic$evelo3ment#
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Retinoic acids are transported on CRA!" orother retinoid-binding proteins to thenucleus
!ound to one or more of the # retinoic acidreceptors RAR and R$R
%he RAR and R$R receptor form “dimers” !y RAR-R$R dimeri&ation permits
interaction 'ith specific nucleotide
se(uences of nuclear )*A Regulate gene transcription
'ith the potential to affect a +ariety ofbody proteins
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