hovmoller 27-04-2014 izmir - turkey (2)

Mogens Støvring Hovmøller, Sajid Ali, Stephanie Walter, Chris K

Sørensen, Mehran Patpour, Yan-Yun Chen, Tine Thach, Julian R

Algaba, Poul Lassen, Jens G Hansen and Annemarie F Justesen,

Global Rust Reference Center: Achievements and

challenges ahead in breeding for stripe rust

resistance in wheat

Outline

• Facilities: People, space and resources

• The Scandinavian “early-warning” system

• Current stripe rust situation in Europe

• Story of the “Warrior” race in Europe,

• Lessons learnt from 25 years of yellow/stripe rust

research

International collaborators

• Kumarse Nazari, ICARDA

• Amor Yahyaoui, ICARDA

• Ravi Singh, CIMMYT

• Dave Hodson, CIMMYT

• Claude Pope, INRA (F)

• Jonathan Yuen, Uppsala University (S)

• Cristobal Uauy, JIC (UK)

• Rosemary Bayles, NIAB (UK)

• Kerstin Flath, JKI (D)

• James Brown, JIC(UK)

• > 40 people who submitted wheat rust

samples from Asia, Africa and South

America

GRRC-team March 2014

Wheat rust quarantine

facility

GRRC green house

& lab space, April 2014

• 7 quarantine zones

(8-12 cabins/zone)

• 3 pathogen labs

• 1 molecular lab

• N2 storage facility

• Flakkebjerg: 150 ha field

experimental area

Attack in previous resistant variety (OBS-nurseries,

extension, farmers fields, etc.)

GRRC

Multiplication of spores samples

from infected plants

Year 0

Year 1

Year 2 and later

The ”Scandinavian model” for yellow/stripe rust early-warning

Attack in previous resistant variety (OBS-nurseries,

extension, farmers fields, etc.)

GRRC

Multiplication of spores samples

from infected plants

Year0

The ”Scandinavian model” for yellow/stripe rust early-warning

• Spore samples stored in

N2 isolate bank

• DNA fingerprint: Laboratory

• Race testing: Seedlings in

green house, (& test for

aggressiveness)

Attack in previous resistant variety (OBS-nurseries,

extension, farmers fields, etc.)

GRRC

Multiplication of spores samples

From infected plants

Year 0

The ”Scandinavian model” for yellow/stripe rust early-warning

• Spore samples stored in

N2 isolate bank

• DNA fingerprint: Laboratory

• Race testing: Seedlings in

green house, (& test for

aggressiveness)

• Interpretation of results

in EU/global context

• Publication on-line:

• www.wheatrust.org

If ”new” raceMutiplication of

additional spore

samples

Attack in previous resistant variety (OBS-nurseries,

extension, farmers fields, etc.)

GRRC

Multiplication of spores samples

From infected plants

Year 0

The ”Scandinavian model” for yellow/stripe rust early-warning

• Spore samples stored in

N2 isolate bank

• DNA fingerprint: Laboratory

• Race testing: Seedlings in

green house, (& test for

aggressiveness)

• Interpretation of results

in EU/global kontekst

• Publicering on-line:

www.wheatrust.org

If ”new” raceMutiplication of

additional spore

samples

Private plant breeding

companies:

Screening for resistance

using new (and other) races

GRRC:

Inoc. Nurseries using

the new race green

house/ field

Year 1

Attack in previous resistant variety (OBS-nurseries,

extension, farmers fields, etc.)

GRRC

Multiplication of spores samples

From infected plants

Year 0

The ”Scandinavian model” for yellow/stripe rust early-warning

• Spore samples stored in

N2 isolate bank

• DNA fingerprint: Laboratory

• Race testing: Seedlings in

green house, (& test for

aggressiveness)

• Interpretation of results

in EU/global context

• Publication on-line:

www.wheatrust.org

If ”new” raceMutiplication of

additional spore

samples

Rust susceptibility to new

race in breeding lines and

varieties

Disease management

recommendations:

• Crop protection on-line

resistance grouping

• Extension leaflets

• Annual report of variety

trials (October)

• Articles newspapers/

magazines

• Oral presentations

Year 1

Attack in previous resistant variety (OBS-nurseries,

extension, farmers fields, etc.)

GRRC

Multiplication of spores samples

From infected plants

Year 0

The ”Scandinavian model” for yellow/stripe rust early-warning

• Spore samples stored in

N2 isolate bank

• DNA fingerprint: Laboratory

• Race testing: Seedlings in

green house, (& test for

aggressiveness)

• Interpretation of results

in EU/global kontekst

• Publicering on-line:

www.wheatrust.org

If ”new” raceMutiplication of

additional spore

samples

Rust susceptibility to new

race in breeding lines and

varieties

Disease management

recommendations:

• Crop protection on-line

resistance grouping

• Extension leaflets

• Annual report of variety

trials (October)

• Articles newspapers/

magazines

• Oral presentations

Year 1

Year 2 and later

ongoing

• Release of new resistant varieties

• Variety testing (yield, quality,

resistance)

• Marketing and seed multiplication

(Denmark: 25-30% of recommended

list varieties are exchanged every

year)

The current Stripe rust situation in EuropeTriticale, Denmark, 11th March, 2014

The current Stripe rust situation in EuropeWheat: The Nederlands, 1st April 2014

Photo: Wopke van der Werf

Race dynamics of P. striiformis in Europe 2000-2013

Pie chart

Spatial distribution of races 2010-2013

Case study: Origin, spread and distribution of the

Warrior race

Methodology

Selection of isolates

Part A

• Representative isolates of the Warrior race 2011-2013 [Spain, France,

Germany, United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden]

• Representative isolates of non-Warrior races 2000-2010 [European

origin]

• Representative isolates from epidemic sites in Central Asia 2010-2012

[Uzbekistan, Tajikistan]

Part B

• Reference isolates from global study representing 6 continents 2005-

2010 (Ali et al., 2014) , including recombining populations from the

Himalayan region “Center of diversity”

Case study: Origin, spread and distribution of the

Warrior race

Methodology

Isolate characterization

Part A isolates

• Race phenotyped in national labs: France, Germany, UK

• GRRC: Denmark, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Uzbekistan, Tajikistansome overlaps of isolates and differential seeds between national labs and GRRC

• SSR genotyped at GRRC/Uppsala, using 16 of 20 SSR markers from

Ali et al., 2014

Part B isolates

• Genotyping results from Ali et al. 2014 (INRA-Grignon, France) aligned

with results for Part A isolates

One common dataset developed

Case study: Origin, spread and distribution of the

Warrior race

Results

• Race phenotyping: One dominant race, another group was identified

based on supplementary differentials, occasional small differences at

the quantitative level for specific differentials

• SSR genotyping: One dominant MLG, at least two others were

identified

• No isolates in the „Global set‟ (Ali et al. 2014) covering six continents

had a matching race/SSR genotype

• Never detected in GRRC surveyed areas

K2

K3

K4

K5

K6

K7

K8

K9

K10

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6

Cen

tral

A

sia

20

10

-2

01

3

Euro

pe

20

11

-2

01

3Worldwide groups following Ali et al. 2014: PLOS

Pathogens

K2

K3

K4

K5

K6

K7

K8

K9

K10

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6

Cen

tral

A

sia

20

10

-2

01

3

Euro

pe

20

11

-2

01

3Worldwide groups following Ali et al. 2014: PLOS

Pathogens

Case study: Origin, spread and distribution of the

Warrior race

Question 1: Mutant/recombinant within the existing European Pst pop.

No, Warrior is not a NW European type strain – many alleles exotic to EU pop

Question 2:

Does Warrior represent a recent invasion into Europe from the central Asian

2010 and onward epidemics?

No, although sharing some alleles with central Asian population. CA pop was

distinct, and Warrior type isolates were not re-sampled in Central Asia

Question 3:

What is the likely origin or the Warrior race?

Closely related but still divergent from the predominant Chinese population

(the exact race/SSR genotype not represented in previous studies

Chris Sørensen

Lessons learnt

• Ongoing, pathogen phenotyping necessary for rapid detection of

new pathogen variability (challenging – without coordinated

reference collections/materials/labs – it may not work)

Lessons learnt

• Ongoing, pathogen phenotyping necessary for rapid detection of

new pathogen variability (challenging – without coordinated

reference collections/materials/labs – it may not work)

• Race phenotyping not sufficient for understanding spread

and evolution

• Molecular genotyping/sequencing not sufficient for getting

the relevant information concerning host „susceptibility‟

• Assessment of quantitative traits important (e.g., adaptation

to warm environments) but labor intensive

• Rapid responses (and reporting) essential

Lessons learnt

• Ongoing, pathogen phenotyping necessary for rapid detection of

new pathogen variability (challenging – without coordinated

reference collections/materials/labs – it may not work)

• Race phenotyping not sufficient for understanding spread

and evolution

• Molecular genotyping/sequencing not sufficient for getting

the relevant information concerning host „susceptibility‟

• Assessment of quantitative traits important (e.g., adaptation

to warm environments) but labor intensive

• Rapid responses (and reporting) essential

• Rapid pathogen spread – Rapid pathogen evolution at all levels

• Center of diversity in “Himalayan region” – clonal reproduction

most other places

• Diversity for disease resistance in the host important, - R-genes

with minor effects may also be „overcome‟ but at a slower rate

• Avoid “rust suckers”

www.wheatrust.org/

Helsingør (30 km N Copenhagen), Denmark, July 5-8, 2015