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8/3/2019 Ind Seminar
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RF PLANNING
ANDOPTIMIZATION
Priyoma Basu
MITS, Lakshmangarh
EC C
Enrol No. 080581
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NOKIASEIMENS
NETWORKS
One of the largest telecommunications solutions suppliers in the
world.
Headquarters - Espoo, Greater Helsinki, Finland
Nokia Siemens Networks India has fully indigenized operations
and workforce with 13,000 people at 50 principle offices and
present in 177 locations.
Nokia Siemens Networks operations in India include marketing
and sales to HQ offices in Delhi NCR, Mumbai, Noida, Chennai,
Kolkata and Bangalore.
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GENERATION OFWIRELESS
STANDARD
Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a
distance without the use of enhanced electrical conductors or
"wires.
It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two-
way radios, cellular telephones, and wireless networking.
Mobile wireless technologies has experienced 4 generations of
technology revolution, namely 1G to 3G.
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GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
GSM is a standard set developed by the ETSI.
Primary goal of GSM Roaming throughout Europe
GSM is the most successful digital mobile telecommunication
system in the world.
The evolution of GSM resulted in the use of three primary
frequency bands:
1. Initial European GSM (900 MHz band)
2. DCS (1800 MHz band)
3. PCS 1900
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. Channel bandwidth: 200 KHz in second generation
2. Number of time slots in TDMA frame: 8 time slots in one
TDMA frame to increase the capacity of the system and reduce
the cost per system.
3. Maximum cell radius: 35km
4. Frequency band: 900MHz in India
5. Max vehicle speed: For proper handoff, the max vehicle speed
should not be higher than 240 km/hr
6. Max delay spread: 10ms
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GSM ARCHITECTURE
A GSM network is composed
of several functional entities.
The GSM network can be
divided into four broad parts:
1) Mobile Station
2) Base Station Subsystem
3) Network Switching
Subsystem
4) Operation Subsystem
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BSC CONNECTIVITY DELHI CIRCLE
BSC
Okhla
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Okhla
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Vasant kunj
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Vasant kunj
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Faridabad
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Faridabad
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Noida63
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Noida63
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Shahdara
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ShahdaraBSC
Preet Vihar
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Preet Vihar
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Sahibabad
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Sahibabad
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Noida18
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Noida18
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Surajpur
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Surajpur
MGW
NOIDA
MGW
OKHLA
MSS03OKHLA
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Sadiq Nagar
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Sadiq Nagar
MSS02
GURGMGW
GURG
MGW
KAROL
BAG
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Karol Bagh
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Karol BaghBSC
Model Town
BSC
Model Town
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heda KalanBSC
heda Kalan
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Rohini
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Gurgaon
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Gurgaon
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Janakpuri
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Janakpuri
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Gurgaon-32
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Gurgaon-32
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Vikaspuri
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Vikaspuri
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IRTI NAGAR
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IRTI NAGAR
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aschim Vihar
BSC
aschim Vihar
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FRAMING AND CHANNEL
Trail Bits
Encrypted Data Bits
Stealing Bits
Training sequence
Guard Bits
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LOGICAL CHANNELS
ogical channels are bidirectional channels. Two types of logical
channels are-
1) Traffic channels(TCHs)
(i) Full rate traffic channel
(ii) Half rate traffic channel
2) Control channels(CCHS): Facilitate access to the infrastructure,
supporting call setup and related activities.
(i) Broadcast control channel
(ii) Common control channel
(iii) Dedicated control channel
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RF PLANNING
Radio frequency(RF) - 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
Process of assigning frequencies, transmitter locations and
parameters of a wireless communications system to provide
sufficient coverage and capacity for the services required.
Goal - To achieve optimum use of resources and maximum
revenue potential whilst maintaining a high level of system
quality.
It reduces the cost of optimization.
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NETWORK PLANNING TOOL
Planning tool is used to assist engineers in designing and
optimizing wireless networks.
With a database that takes into account data such as terrain,
clutter, and antenna radiation patterns. The Planning tool gives
RF engineers a state-of-the-art tool to:
Design wireless networks
Plan network expansions
Optimize network performance
Diagnose system problems
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PROPAGATIONTEST KIT
The propagation test kit
consists of:
Test transmitter.
Isotropic Antenna
Receiver to scan the RSS
A laptop to collect data.
A GPS to get latitude
and longitude.
Cables and accessories.
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TRAFFICMODELING TOOL
It is used by the planning engineer for Network modelling and
dimensioning.
It helps the planning engineer to calculate the number of
network elements.
E.g. Netdim by Nokia.
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RF PLANNING PROCEDURE
Propagation Tool Setup
Set up the planning tool hardware.
Procure the terrain, clutter and vector data in the required
resolution.
Setup site tracking database.
ZoningAnalysis: This involves studying the height restrictions for antenna
heights in the design area.
SetInitial Link Budget: Link Budget Analysis is the process of aanalyzing all
major gains and losses in the forward and reverse link radio paths.
Initial cell countestimate: Once the cell radius is known, the area covered by
one site can be easily calculated.
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INITIAL SURVEY
Morphology Definition
Morphology describes the density and height of man
made or natural obstructions.
It is used to more accurately predict the path loss.
Morphology Drive Test
Drive test is done to characterize the propagation and
fading effects.
The objective is to collect field data to optimize or adjust
the prediction model for preliminary simulations.
A test transmitter and a receiver are used for this
purpose.
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INITIAL DESIGN
Complete Initial Cell Placement: Planning of cell sites sub-
area depending on clutter type and traffic required.
Run Propagation Analysis: Planning tool calculates the path
loss and received signal strength using Co-ordinates of the sitelocation
Design Review with the Client: Initial design review has to be
carried out with the client so that he agrees to the basic design of
the network.
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RADIO NETWORK OPTIMIZATION
Optimization involves monitoring, verifying and improving the
performance of the radio network.
A cellular network covers a large area and provides capacity to
many people.
Apart from this, the network is always growing through
increasing subscriber numbers and increases in traffic. This
means that the optimization process should be on-going.
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KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
(KPI)
For radio network optimization, it is necessary to have decided on
KPIs.
These parameters are to be observed closely when the network
monitoring process is going on.
The term KPI is used for parameters related to voice and datachannels.
Key indicators
1) Voice quality
2) Network performance monitoring
3) Drive testing4) Network performance assessment
5) Coverage
6) Capacity
7) Quality
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DRIVE TESTING
Drive testing is a method of measuring and assessing the
coverage, capacity and Quality of Service of a mobile radio
network.
It detects and records a wide variety of the physical and virtual
parameters of mobile cellular service.
Wireless carriers make directed changes to their networks that
provide better coverage and service to their customers.
Drive testing requires a mobile vehicle outfitted with drive testing
measurement equipment.
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DATACOLLECTED DURING
DRIVE TESTING
The dataset collected during drive testing field measurements can
include information such as:
Signal intensity & quality
Interference
Dropped & Blocked calls
Call statistics
Handover information
GPS location co-ordinates
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TYPES OF DRIVE TESTING
Drive testing can broadly be categorized into three distinct topics:
Network Benchmarking
Optimization & Troubleshooting
Service Quality Monitoring
Tools used:
TEMS Investigation
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CONCLUSION
This presentation gives us an insight into the importance of
wireless communication and its widespread use.Wireless
communication via radio frequencies is called RF planning. Both
planning and optimization are an integral part of todays
telecommunication industry.
Planning and Optimization are carried out in the network to -
Minimize the call drop and RF interference in the network
Increase the indoor and outdoor coverage and better speech
quality
Customer satisfaction
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THANK
YOU
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