introduction to the struts web framework - netbeans ide tutorial

14/4/2015 IntroductiontotheStrutsWebFrameworkNetBeansIDETutorial

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IntroductiontotheStrutsWebFrameworkThisdocumenttakesyouthroughthebasicsofusingNetBeansIDEtodevelopwebapplicationsusingtheStrutswebframework.StrutsisanopensourceframeworkthatextendstheJavaServletAPIandemploysaModel,View,Controller(MVC)architecture.Itenablesyoutocreatemaintainable,extensible,andflexiblewebapplicationsbasedonstandardtechnologies,suchasJSPpages,JavaBeans,resourcebundles,andXML.

ThistutorialteachesyouhowtobuildasimpleMVCapplicationthatdisplaysaloginpageandreturnsasuccesspageuponsubmittingdatathatpassesvalidation.YoulearnseveralbasicfeaturesprovidedbyStruts,aswellashowthesefeaturesareimplementedusingtheIDE.Specifically,youuseStrutstagsinJSPpages,maintainuserdatawithaStrutsActionFormbean,andimplementforwardinglogicusingaStrutsActionobject.Youarealsoshownhowtoimplementsimplevalidationtoyourapplication,includingsettingupwarningmessageforafailedloginattempt.

ForamorefinegrainedintroductiontoStruts,seeHowdoesStrutswork?ontheofficialStrutswebsite.Also,makeuseoftheIDE'sJavadocIndexSearch(Help>JavadocIndexSearch)toviewtheStrutsFrameworkAPI,whichispackagedwiththeStrutslibraries.

Contents

OverviewoftheApplication

SettingUpaStrutsApplication

CreatingJSPPages

CreatingaLoginPage

CreatingaSuccessPage

CreatinganActionFormBean

CreatinganActionClass

ImplementingValidation

AccessingBeanDataandPreparingaForwardingCondition

SettingUpanErrorMessage

AddingforwardEntriestostrutsconfig.xml

ConfiguringandRunningtheApplication

SettingtheWelcomePage

AttachingaStylesheet

RunningtheApplication

SeeAlso

Tocompletethistutorial,youneedthefollowingsoftwareandresources.

SoftwareorResource VersionRequired

NetBeansIDE 7.2,7.3,7.4,8.0,JavaEE

JavaDevelopmentKit(JDK) 7or8

GlassFishserveror

Tomcatservletcontainer

OpenSourceEdition3.xor4.0

version7.xor8.x

Notes:

TheJavainstallationenablesyoutooptionallyinstalltheGlassFishserverandtheApacheTomcatservletcontainer.Youmustinstalloneofthese(orregisteradifferentserverintheIDE)toworkthroughthistutorial.

Ifyouneedtocompareyourprojectwithaworkingsolution,youcandownloadthesampleapplication.

OverviewoftheApplicationWhenyouuseStruts,theframeworkprovidesyouwithacontrollerservlet,ActionServlet,whichisdefinedintheStrutslibrariesthatareincludedintheIDE,andwhichisautomaticallyregisteredintheweb.xmldeploymentdescriptorasshownbelow.Thecontrollerservletusesastrutsconfig.xmlfiletomapincomingrequeststoStrutsActionobjects,andinstantiateanyActionFormobjectsassociatedwiththeactiontotemporarilystoreformdata.TheActionobjectprocessesrequestsusingitsexecutemethod,whilemakinguseofanydatastoredintheformbean.OncetheActionobjectprocessesarequest,itstoresanynewdata(i.e.,intheformbean,orinaseparateresultbean),andforwardstheresultstotheappropriateview.

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DevelopingaStrutsapplicationissimilartodevelopinganyotherkindofwebapplicationinNetBeansIDE.However,youcomplementyourwebdevelopmenttoolkitbytakingadvantageoftheStrutssupportprovidedbytheIDE.Forexample,youusetemplatesintheIDEtocreateStrutsActionobjectsandActionFormbeans.Uponcreation,theIDEautomaticallyregisterstheseclassesinthestrutsconfig.xmlfileandletsyouextendthisfileveryeasilyusingmenuitemsintheSourceEditor'srightclickmenu.BecausemanywebapplicationsuseJSPpagesfortheview,StrutsalsoprovidescustomtaglibrarieswhichfacilitateinteractionwithHTMLforms.WithintheIDE'sSourceEditor,youcaninvokecodecompletionandJavadocsupportthathelpsyoutoworkefficientlywiththeselibraries.

Thefollowingstepsdemonstratehowtocreateasimpleformthatcollectsuserdata,performssimplevalidation,andoutputsthedataonasuccesspage.

SettingUpaStrutsApplicationIntheIDE,aStrutsapplicationisnothingmorethananormalwebapplicationaccompaniedbytheStrutslibrariesandconfigurationfiles.YoucreateaStrutsapplicationinthesamewayasyoucreateanyotherwebapplicationintheIDEusingtheNewWebApplicationwizard,withtheadditionalstepofindicatingthatyouwanttheStrutslibrariesandconfigurationfilestobeincludedinyourapplication.

1. ChooseFile>NewProject(CtrlShiftNShiftNonMac)fromthemainmenu.SelectJavaWebinthelistofCategoriesandthenselectWebApplicationinthelistofProjects.ClickNext.

2. IntheNameandLocationpanel,enterMyStrutsAppforProjectNameandclickNext.

3. IntheServerandSettingspanel,selecttheservertowhichyouwanttodeployyourapplication.OnlyserversthatareregisteredwiththeIDEarelisted.(Toregisteraserver,clickAddnexttotheServerdropdownlist.)Also,notethattheContextPathtoyourdeployedapplicationbecomes/MyStrutsApp.ClickNext.

4. SelectStrutsintheFrameworkspanel.

Forpurposesofthistutorial,donotchangeanyoftheconfigurationvaluesinthelowerregionofthispanel.Thewizarddisplaysthefollowingconfigurationoptions.

ActionServletName:ThenameoftheStrutsactionservletusedintheapplication.Theweb.xmldeploymentdescriptor



containsanentryfortheactionservletandspecifiestheappropriateStrutsspecificparameters,suchasthepathtotheservletclasswithintheStrutslibraryandtothestrutsconfig.xmlconfigurationfilewithintheapplication.

ActionURLPattern:SpecifiesthepatternsofincomingrequestswhicharemappedtotheStrutsactioncontroller.Thisgeneratesamappingentryinthedeploymentdescriptor.Bydefault,onlythe*.dopatternismapped.

ApplicationResource:Letsyouspecifytheresourcebundlewhichwillbeusedinthestrutsconfig.xmlfileforlocalizingmessages.Bydefault,thisiscom.myapp.struts.ApplicationResource.

AddStrutsTLDs:LetsyougeneratetaglibrarydescriptorsfortheStrutstaglibraries.AtaglibrarydescriptorisanXMLdocumentwhichcontainsadditionalinformationabouttheentiretaglibraryaswellaseachindividualtag.Ingeneralthisisnotnecessary,becauseyoucanrefertoonlineURIsratherthanlocalTLDfiles.

5. ClickFinish.TheIDEcreatestheprojectfolderinyourfilesystem.AswithanywebapplicationintheIDE,theprojectfoldercontainsallofyoursourcesandtheIDE'sprojectmetadata,suchastheAntbuildscript.However,yourwebapplicationinadditionhasalloftheStrutslibrariesonitsclasspath.Notonlyaretheyontheapplication'sclasspath,buttheyareincludedintheprojectandwillbepackagedwithitlaterwhenyoubuildtheproject.

TheprojectopensintheIDE.TheProjectswindowisthemainentrypointtoyourprojectsources.Itshowsalogicalviewofimportantprojectcontents.Forexample,ifyouexpandseveralnodeswithinthenewproject,itmayappearasfollows:

Note:UsetheFileswindow(Window>Files)toseeallofyourprojectcontentsinadirectorybasedview.

TheStrutsspecificconfigurationfiles,aswellastheapplication'sdeploymentdescriptor,areconvenientlyplacedwithintheConfigurationFilesfolder.Openthedeploymentdescriptor(doubleclicktheweb.xmlfilenodetohaveitdisplayintheSourceEditor).InordertohandleStrutsprocessing,amappingisprovidedfortheStrutscontrollerservlet.

action

org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet

config

/WEBINF/strutsconfig.xml

debug

2



detail

2

2

action

*.do

Above,theStrutscontrollerservletisnamedactionandisdefinedintheStrutslibrary(org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet).Itissettohandleallrequeststhatsatisfythe*.domapping.Inaddition,initializationparametersfortheservletarespecifiedbymeansofthestrutsconfig.xmlfile,alsocontainedintheWEBINFfolder.

CreatingJSPPagesBeginbycreatingtwoJSPpagesfortheapplication.Thefirstdisplaysaform.Thesecondistheviewreturnedwhenloginissuccessful.

CreatingaLoginPage


CreatingaLoginPage

1. RightclicktheMyStrutsAppprojectnode,chooseNew>JSP,andnamethenewfilelogin.ClickFinish.Thelogin.jspfileopensintheSourceEditor.

2. IntheSourceEditor,changethecontentofboththeandtags(ortags,dependingontheIDEversionyouareusing)toLoginForm.

3. Addthefollowingtwotaglibdirectivestothetopofthefile:

ManywebapplicationsuseJSPpagesforviewsintheMVCparadigm,soStrutsprovidescustomtaglibrarieswhichfacilitateinteractionwithHTMLforms.ThesecanbeeasilyappliedtoaJSPfileusingtheIDE'ssupportforcodecompletion.WhenyoutypeintheSourceEditor,theIDEprovidesyouwithcodecompletionforStrutstags,aswellastheStrutsJavadoc.YoucanalsoinvokecodecompletionmanuallybypressingCtrlSpace:

Thebeantaglibprovidesyouwithnumeroustagsthatarehelpfulwhenassociatingaformbean(i.e.,anActionFormbean)withthedatacollectedfromtheform.Thehtmltagliboffersaninterfacebetweentheviewandothercomponentsnecessarytoa



webapplication.Forexample,belowyoureplacecommonhtmlformtagswithStruts'tags.Onebenefitthisprovidesisthatitcausestheservertolocateorcreateabeanobjectthatcorrespondstothevalueprovidedforhtml:form'sactionelement.

4. Belowthe(or)tags,addthefollowing:

WheneveryoufinishtypingintheSourceEditor,youcantidyupthecodebyrightclickingandchoosingFormat(AltShiftF).

5. InthePalette(Window>Palette)intherightregionoftheIDE,dragaTableitemfromtheHTMLcategorytoapointjustabovetheline.TheInsertTabledialogboxdisplays.Settherowsto3,columnsto2,andleaveallothersettingsat0.Laterinthetutorial,youwillattachastylesheettoaffectthetabledisplay.

ClickOK,thenoptionallyreformatthecode(AltShiftF).Theforminlogin.jspnowlooksasfollows:

Note:Youcansafelydeletethetablerow,asitisnotusedinthistutorial.

6. Inthefirsttablerow,enterthefollowing(changesinbold):



Enteryourname:

7. Inthesecondtablerow,enterthefollowing(changesinbold):

Enteryouremail:

Thehtml:textelementenablesyoutomatchtheinputfieldsfromtheformwithpropertiesintheformbeanthatwillbecreatedinthenextstep.Soforexample,thevalueofpropertymustmatchafielddeclaredintheformbeanassociatedwiththisform.

8. Movetheelementintothesecondcolumnofthethirdtablerow,sothatthethirdtablerowappearsasfollows(changesinbold):

Atthisstage,yourloginformshouldlookasfollows:

Enteryourname:

Enteryouremail:


1. RightclicktheMyStrutsAppprojectnode,chooseNew>JSP,andnamethenewfilesuccess.IntheFolderfield,clicktheadjacentBrowsebuttonandselectWEBINFfromthedialogthatdisplays.ClickSelectFoldertoenterWEBINFintheFolderfield.AnyfilescontainedintheWEBINFfolderarenotdirectlyaccessibletoclientrequests.Inorderforsuccess.jsptobeproperlydisplayed,itmustcontainprocesseddata.ClickFinish.

2. IntheSourceEditor,changethecontentofthenewlycreatedpagetothefollowing:

LoginSuccess

Congratulations!

Youhavesuccessfullyloggedin.

Yournameis:.

Youremailaddressis:.

3. Addabeantaglibdirectivetothetopofthefile:



4. Addthefollowingtags(changesinbold):

Yournameis:.

Youremailaddressis:.

Byemployingthetags,youmakeuseofthebeantaglibtolocatetheActionFormbeanyouareabouttocreate,anddisplaytheuserdatasavedfornameandemail.

CreatinganActionFormBeanAStrutsActionFormbeanisusedtopersistdatabetweenrequests.Forexample,ifausersubmitsaform,thedataistemporarilystoredintheformbeansothatitcaneitherberedisplayedintheformpage(ifthedataisinaninvalidformatorifloginfails)ordisplayedinaloginsuccesspage(ifdatapassesvalidation).

1. RightclicktheMyStrutsAppprojectnodeandchooseNew>Other.UnderCategorieschooseStruts,thenunderFileTypeschooseStrutsActionFormBean.ClickNext.

2. TypeinLoginFormfortheClassName.Thenselectcom.myapp.strutsinthePackagedropdownlistandclickFinish.TheIDEcreatestheLoginFormbeanandopensitintheSourceEditor.Bydefault,theIDEprovidesitwithaStringcallednameandanintcallednumber.Bothfieldshaveaccessormethodsdefinedforthem.Also,theIDEaddsabeandeclarationtothestrutsconfig.xmlfile.Ifyouopenthestrutsconfig.xmlfileintheSourceEditor,youcanseethefollowingdeclaration,whichwasaddedbythewizard:

TheIDEprovidesnavigationsupportinthestrutsconfig.xmlfile.HolddowntheCtrlkeyandhoveryourmouseovertheLoginFormbean'sfullyqualifiedclassname.Thenamebecomesalink,enablingyoutonavigatedirectlytotheclassintheSourceEditor:

3. IntheLoginFormbeanintheSourceEditor,createfieldsandaccompanyingaccessormethodsthatcorrespondtothenameandemailtextinputfieldsthatyoucreatedinlogin.jsp.BecausenamehasalreadybeencreatedintheLoginFormskeleton,youonlyneedtoimplementemail.Addthefollowingdeclarationbeneathname(changesinbold):

privateStringname

privateStringemail

Tocreateaccessormethods,placeyourcursoronemailandpressAltInsert.

SelectGetterandSetter,theninthedialogthatdisplays,selectemail:StringandclickGenerate.Accessormethodsaregeneratedfortheemailfield.

Note:Youcandeletethedeclarationandaccessormethodsfornumber,asitisnotusedinthistutorial.



CreatinganActionClassTheActionclasscontainsthebusinesslogicintheapplication.Whenformdataisreceived,itistheexecutemethodofanActionobjectthatprocessesthedataanddetermineswhichviewtoforwardtheprocesseddatato.BecausetheActionclassisintegraltotheStrutsframework,NetBeansIDEprovidesyouwithawizard.

1. IntheProjectswindow,rightclicktheMyStrutsAppprojectnodeandchooseNew>Other.FromtheStrutscategorychooseStrutsActionandclickNext.

2. IntheNameandLocationpanel,changethenametoLoginAction.

3. Selectcom.myapp.strutsinthePackagedropdownlist.

4. Type/logininActionPath.Thisvaluemustmatchthevalueyousetfortheactionattributeofthetagsinlogin.jsp.Makesuresettingsappearasinthescreenshotbelow,thenclickNext.

5. Inthethirdstepofthewizard,youaregiventheopportunitytoassociatetheActionclasswithaformbean.NoticethattheLoginFormbeanyoupreviouslycreatedislistedasanoptionforActionFormBeanName.Makethefollowingadjustmentstothepanel:

DeletetheforwardslashfortheInputResourcefield

SetScopetoRequest(SessionisthedefaultscopesettinginStruts.)

DeselecttheValidateActionFormBeanoption

ClickFinish.TheLoginActionclassisgenerated,andthefileopensintheSourceEditor.Alsonotethatthefollowingactionentryisaddedtothestrutsconfig.xmlfile:

Thenameandscopeattributesapplytotheformbeanthatisassociatedwiththeaction.Specifically,whenanincomingrequestmatches/login,theStrutsframeworkautomaticallyinstantiatesaLoginFormobjectandpopulatesitwiththeformdatasentintherequest.Thedefaultvalueofvalidateissettotrue.Thistellstheframeworktocallthevalidatemethodoftheformbean.Youdeselectedthisoptioninthewizardhoweverbecauseyouwillhandcodesimplevalidationinthenextstep,whichdoesnotrequirethevalidatemethod.

ImplementingValidationIntheSourceEditor,browsethroughtheLoginActionclassandlookattheexecutemethod:

publicActionForwardexecute(ActionMappingmapping,ActionFormform,

HttpServletRequestrequest,HttpServletResponseresponse)

throwsException{

returnmapping.findForward(SUCCESS)

}

NoticethedefinitionofSUCCESS,listedbeneaththeLoginActionclassdeclaration:



privatefinalstaticStringSUCCESS="success"

Currently,themapping.findForwardmethodissettounconditionallyforwardanyrequesttoanoutputviewcalledsuccess.Thisisnotreallydesirableyouwanttofirstperformsomesortofvalidationontheincomingdatatodeterminewhethertosendthesuccessview,oranydifferentview.


SettingUpanErrorMessage


1. Typeinthefollowingcodewithinthebodyoftheexecutemethod:

//extractuserdata

LoginFormformBean=(LoginForm)form

Stringname=formBean.getName()

Stringemail=formBean.getEmail()

Inordertousetheincomingformdata,youneedtotakeexecute'sActionFormargumentandcastitasLoginForm,thenapplythegettermethodsthatyoucreatedearlier.

2. Typeinthefollowingconditionalclausetoperformvalidationontheincomingdata:

//performvalidation

if((name==null)||//nameparameterdoesnotexist

email==null||//emailparameterdoesnotexist

name.equals("")||//nameparameterisempty

email.indexOf("@")==1){//emaillacks'@'

returnmapping.findForward(FAILURE)

}

Atthisstage,theexecutemethodshouldlookasfollows:



throwsException{

//extractuserdata




//performvalidation






}


}

3. AddadeclarationforFAILUREtotheLoginActionclass(changesinbold):


privatefinalstaticStringFAILURE="failure"

Usingtheabovelogic,theexecutemethodforwardstherequesttothesuccessviewiftheuserprovidesanentryforbothnameandemailfields,andtheemailenteredcontainsan'@'sign.Otherwise,thefailureviewisforwarded.AswillbedemonstratedbelowinAddingforwardEntriestostrutsconfig.xml,youcansetthefailureviewtopointbacktotheformpage,sothattheuserhasanotherchancetoenterdatainthecorrectformat.

SettingUpanErrorMessageIftheloginformisreturned,itwouldbegoodtoinformtheuserthatvalidationfailed.Youcanaccomplishthisbyaddinganerrorfieldintheformbean,andanappropriatetagtotheforminlogin.jsp.Finally,intheActionobject,settheerrormessagetobedisplayedintheeventthatthefailureviewischosen.



1. OpenLoginFormandaddanerrorfieldtotheclass:

//errormessage

privateStringerror

2. Addagettermethodandasettermethodforerror,asdemonstratedabove.

3. Modifythesettermethodsothatitappearsasfollows:

publicvoidsetError(){

this.error=

"Pleaseprovidevalidentriesforboth

fields"

}

4. Openlogin.jspandmakethefollowingchanges:

&nbsp

Enteryourname:

5. InLoginAction,withintheifconditionalclause,addastatementtosettheerrormessagebeforeforwardingthefailurecondition(changesinbold):





formBean.setError()returnmapping.findForward(FAILURE)

}

YourcompletedLoginActionclassshouldnowappearasfollows:

publicclassLoginActionextendsorg.apache.struts.action.Action{


privatefinalstaticStringFAILURE="failure"



throwsException{

//extractuserdata




//performvalidation





formBean.setError()


}




}

}

AddingforwardEntriestostrutsconfig.xmlInorderfortheapplicationtomatchJSPpageswithforwardingconditionsreturnedbyLoginAction'sexecutemethod,youneedtoaddforwardentriestothestrutsconfig.xmlfile.

1. Openstrutsconfig.xmlintheSourceEditor,rightclickanywhereintheactionentryforLoginForm,andchooseStruts>AddForward.

2. IntheAddForwarddialogbox,typesuccessinForwardName.Enterthepathtosuccess.jspintheResourceFilefield(i.e.,/WEBINF/success.jsp).Thedialogboxshouldnowlookasfollows:

ClickAdd.Notethatthefollowingforwardentrywasaddedtostrutsconfig.xml(changesinbold):

3. Performthesameactiontoaddaforwardentryforfailure.SettheResourceFilepathto/login.jsp.Thefollowingforwardentryisaddedtostrutsconfig.xml(changesinbold):

ConfiguringandRunningtheApplicationTheIDEusesanAntbuildscripttobuildandrunyourwebapplication.TheIDEgeneratedthebuildscriptwhenyoucreatedtheproject,basingitontheoptionsyouenteredintheNewProjectwizard.Beforeyoubuildandruntheapplication,youneedtosettheapplication'sdefaultentrypointtologin.jsp.Optionally,youcanalsoaddasimplestylesheettotheproject.







1. IntheProjectswindow,doubleclicktheweb.xmldeploymentdescriptor.ThetabslistedalongthetopoftheSourceEditorprovideyouwithaninterfacetotheweb.xmlfile.ClickonthePagestab.IntheWelcomeFilesfield,enterlogin.jsp.

NowclickontheSourcetabtoviewthefile.Notethatlogin.jspisnowlistedinthewelcomefileentry:

login.jsp


1. Addasimplestylesheettotheproject.Oneeasywaytodothisisbysavingthissamplestylesheettoyourcomputer.Copythefile(CtrlC),thenintheIDE,selecttheWebPagesnodeintheProjectswindowandpressCtrlV).Thefileisaddedtoyourproject.

2. LinkthestylesheettoyourJSPpagesbyaddingareferencebetweenthetagsofbothlogin.jspandsuccess.jsp:


1. IntheProjectswindow,rightclicktheprojectnodeandchooseRun.TheIDEbuildsthewebapplicationanddeploysit,usingtheserveryouspecifiedwhencreatingtheproject.Thebrowseropensanddisplaysthelogin.jsppage.Typeinsomedatathatshouldfailvalidation,i.e.,eitherleaveeitherfieldblank,orenteranemailaddresswithamissing'@'sign:

WhenyouclickLogin,theloginformpageredisplays,containinganerrormessage:

Tryenteringdatathatshouldpassvalidation.UponclickingLogin,youarepresentedwiththesuccesspage:



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SeeAlsoThisconcludestheIntroductiontotheStrutsFrameworkinNetBeansIDE.ThisdocumentdemonstratedhowtoconstructasimplewebMVCapplicationinNetBeansIDEusingtheStrutsFramework,andintroducedyoutotheIDE'sinterfacefordevelopingwebapplications.YouwereshownhowtouseStrutstagsinJSPpages,temporarilystoreuserdatainaStrutsActionFormbean,andimplementforwardinglogicusingaStrutsActionobject.Youarealsoshownhowtoimplementsimplevalidationtoyourapplication,includingsettingupwarningmessageforafailedloginattempt.

Forrelatedtutorials,seethefollowingresources:

AddingSupportforaWebFramework.AgeneralguidedescribinghowtoaddwebframeworksupporttoNetBeansIDEusingthePluginManager.

IntroductiontotheSpringWebFramework.DescribesthebasicsofusingNetBeansIDEtodevelopwebapplicationsusingtheSpringframework.

IntroductiontoJavaServerFaces2.0.Adocumentdescribinghowtowireamanagedbeantowebpages,andhowtotakeadvantageofFaceletstemplating..



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