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KEBIJAKAN LOW CARBON GREEN GROWTHDI KOREA SELATAN :
SEBUAH TINJAUAN POLITIK HIJAU
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
SUCI FITRI FEBRIANTI
201410360311108
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena berkat
Rahmat dan Karunia-Nya penulis berhasil merampungkan skripsi ini, dengan
harapan dapat menjadi salah satu bentuk dedikasi penulis dalam memperkaya
keilmuan Hubungan Internasional. Shalawat serta salam yang senantiasa
tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Penulisan skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat
memperoleh gelar sarjanastrata 1 (S-1) pada Program Studi Hubungan
Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang, dengan judul skripsi “Kebijakan Low Carbon Green Growth di Korea
Selatan : Sebuah Tinjauan Politik Hijau”. Dalam proses penulisan skripsi ini,
penulis menyadari akan keterbatasan-keterbatasan yang dimiliki baik dari segi
pengetahuan serta keterbatasan teknis. Untuk itu saran dan kritik yang
membangun sangat diharapkan dalam penyempurnaan skripsi ini.
Semoga hasil penelitian ini dapat berguna, khususnya untuk mahasiswa
Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Muhammdiyah Malang lainnya. Atas
terselesaikannya skripsi ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Bapak Drs. H. Ahmad Fauzan, MPd selaku rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah,
beserta seluruh jajaran Pembantu Rektor dan seluruh Staff Rektorat UMM.
2. Bapak Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M,Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu
Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Beserta Pembantu Dekan I, II dan
III.
v
3. Bapak Syaprin Zahidi, M.A selaku ketua Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan
Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang.
4. Bapak Dion Maulana Prasetya, M.Hub.Int selaku pembimbing I dan Bapak
Tonny Dian Effendi, M.Si, M.Soc.Sc selaku pembimbing II yang telah membantu
dan membimbing penulis sehingga berhasil menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
5. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu
Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Malang, 4 Juli 2018
Penulis,
Suci Fitri Febrianti
vi
DAFTAR ISI
SAMPUL DALAM ...................................................................................... i
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ................................................. v
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ............................................................... vi
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ viii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. ix
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ....................................................................... xi
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ xvi
BAB I .......................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 6
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................... 6
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................... 6
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................... 6
1.3.2.1 Manfaat Akademis ................................................................ 6
1.3.2.2 Manfaat Praktis ................................................................... 7
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 7
1.5 Kerangka Teori .................................................................................. 20
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................ 26
1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................... 26
1.6.2 Metode Analisis ......................................................................... 27
1.6.3 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .......................................................... 27
1.6.3.1 Batasan Waktu .................................................................... 27
1.6.3.2 Batasan Materi .................................................................... 27
1.6.3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................. 28
vii
1.7 Argumen Pokok ................................................................................. 29
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 30
1.9 Tabel Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................. 31
BAB II ............................................................................................................ 33
KONSEP GREEN GROWTH DAN KEBIJAKAN LOW CARBON GREEN
GROWTH KOREA SELATAN ................................................................... 33
2.1 Green Growth .................................................................................... 33
2.1.1 Konsep Green Growth ................................................................. 33
2.1.2 Indikator Green Growth Menurut OECD .................................... 37
2.1.2.1 Produktivitas lingkungan dan sumber daya ekonomi ............ 37
2.1.2.2 Basis Aset Alami ................................................................ 41
2.1.2.3 Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup ................................................ 44
2.1.2.4 Peluang dan Tanggapan Kebijakan Ekonomi ...................... 46
2.2 Kebijakan Low Carbon Green Growth Korea Selatan ........................ 49
2.2.1 Kerangka Kerja Undang-undang Low Carbon Green Growth ..... 49
2.2.2 Low Carbon Green Growth Mid-Term dan Long-Term .............. 55
2.3 Alasan Korea Selatan Mengimplementasikan Kebijakan Low Carbon
Green Growth .......................................................................................... 57
2.3.1 Perubahan Iklim dan Kemandirian Energi Negara ...................... 58
2.3.2 Menciptakan Mesin Pertumbuhan Baru ...................................... 59
2.3.3 Meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat ................................... 60
BAB III ........................................................................................................ 63
KEBIJAKAN LOW CARBON GREEN GROWTH KOREA SELATAN
DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI HIJAU ....................................................... 63
3.1 Penerapan Nilai-nilai Politik Hijau dalam Kebijakan Low Carbon Green
Growth Korea Selatan ............................................................................. 64
3.1.1 Desentralisasi ............................................................................. 64
3.1.2 Demokrasi Akar Rumput ............................................................ 72
3.1.2.1 Kota Metropolitan Seoul ..................................................... 74
3.1.2.2 Kota Metropolitan Busan .................................................... 80
3.1.2.3 Kota Metropolitan Gwangju ................................................ 85
viii
3.1.2.4 Kota Metropolitan Incheon ................................................. 90
BAB IV ....................................................................................................... 99
PENUTUP ................................................................................................... 99
4.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 99
4.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 100
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 101
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 : Peta Provinsi dan Kota Metropolitan di Korea Selatan................. 67
Gambar 2 : Nama karakter One Less Nuclear Power Plant adalah Donggeuri,
seorang malaikat matahari. Lambang ini memiliki wajah warga Seoul, yang
menyimpan serta menciptakan energi .............................................................. 75
Gambar 3 : Kampanye One Less Nuclear Power Plant mengambil pendekatan
multi-aspek, yang terdiri dari 71 proyek spesifik dalam 6 kategori kebijakan, yang
dapat dikategorikan ulang dalam 10 rencana aksi utama ................................. 76
Gambar 4 : Sistem pemerintahan untuk pengoperasian sistem bank karbon .... 89
Gambar 5: Green Card Gwangju ...................................................................... 90
Gambar 6 :Bangunan di daerah Songdo Incheon yang hilang dalam debu halus
............................................................................................................................ 92
x
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 :Penelitian Terdahulu ....................................................................... 18
Tabel 1.2 : Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................... 31
Tabel 3.1 : Nilai Desentralisasi dan Demokrasi Akar Rumput Pada Kebijakan
Low Carbon Green Growth Korea Selatan .........................................................96
xi
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