lec 10 marriage (1)

SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

Sociology with AnthropologyFirst Semester

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Elements of Social Organization

• Action• Structure• Function

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MARRIAGE

• A socially sanctioned sexual and economic union between men and women (Howard and Hattis, I992).

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• it becomes the most common means of ensuring that both women and children are supported.

• to overcome the threat of sexual competition.

• they benefit from each other's labor• this is one way of gaining

dominance over women• considers marriage as an important

social relationship

Reasons Why People Marry

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…by Howard and Hattis

• Choosing a spouse (endogamy/exogamy)• Meeting the terms (bride service)• Securing the marriage

(bridewealth/dowry)

The Marriage Process

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The Marriage Ceremony

• “Pamanhikan” - asking the hand of the bride from

her kinsmen.- Interrogating the bridegroom by

the bride’s kinsmen “ilan na bang bahay at hagdanan ang iyong dinaanan?”

- Preparing foods together with the utensils by the bridegroom’s kinsmen.

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The Marriage Ceremony

- Choosing of the wedding date & place- Choosing of sponsors (principal & secondary)- Choosing of a color motif- On the wedding day…** bride proceeds to the church from her

parents’ house** bride is expected to come late to lend some

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** the bridegroom with his best man stay & wait at the foot of the altar

** bridal entourage march down the aisle

** march of the bride escorted by the father

** the ceremony itself by the priest

The Marriage Ceremony

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Residence after Marriage

• either…–Matrilocal–Patrilocal–Neolocal–Bilocal

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Forms of Marriage• Monogamy

- union of the a man and a woman.- universal form

• Polygamy - plural union in which an individual is married to several individuals at the same time.** Polyandry - form of plural union which involves a woman and several men.

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Forms of Marriage

• Adoptive Marriage - adoption of the prospective son-in-law before the wedding takes place.- found in Japan

• Fictive Marriage- a union between two women, an older and a younger one.- relationship is established for companionship only.- practiced by Nuer tribe in Africa

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• Sister Exchange- union of a bridegroom and a bride only with the consent & agreement that the bridegroom’s sister will marry the bride’s brother.

• Bride Capture- capturing of the a bride by the bridegroom

Forms of Marriage

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• Sororate Marriage- referred to as sister-in-law marriage.

• Levirate Marriage- known as the brother-in-law marriage.

• Ghost Marriage- This is similar to the levirate marriage. The difference lies in the fact that children by the second marriage are considered to be "sired" by the dead husband. The deceased husband's brother, who is the second husband, acts as a surrogate."

Forms of Marriage

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FAMILY• A group of people who are related to

one another by bonds of blood, marriage or adoption and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children. (Benokaritis, 2001 & Kendall, 1999)

• A relationships in which people live together with commitment from an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group. (Kendall, 2001)

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Forms of Family• Nuclear Family

- consist of the father, the mother, and their natural-born children.

• Extended Family - consists of two nuclear families: the family of orientation and the family of procreation. - vertical extension

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Extended Family

• family of orientation - one is born and grows up

• family of procreation – one marries and have children

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Forms of Family• Joint Family

- This family structure is so-called because the married siblings, together with their spouses and children reside in one house.- horizontal extension

• Household- refers to the members of the family in general.

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• Truncated Family- lays stress on the grandparents and children relationship.

Forms of Family

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Changes in the Family

Causes:– Peer group– Mass media– Technology

Effects:• “Cool off”• Legal Separation• Divorce• Annulment

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KINSHIP• refers to a system of relationships as

well as rights and responsibilities of relatives.

• Is a relationship between any entities that share a genealogical origin, through either biological, cultural, or historical descent

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Kinship Terminologies

Classification:• Vocative - are forms of addressing a relation.

e.g.: Kuya - for an older brotherate - for an older sisterimpo - for grandparentsima - for mothersamang - for father.

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Kinship Terminologies• Referential – refers to the exact relationship to an

individual.e.g.: father, mother, sister, brother, cousin, grandparents

• Classificatory - are those which lump together a number of relations under one single term.e.g.: brother – may refer to an older or younger sibling

cousin – may refer to the children of your mother’ siblings or father’s siblings

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Kinship Terminologies

• Descriptive - shows the specific and exact relation of the individual to one another.e.g.: mother’s elder sister mother’s sister’s son

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• Tabulate the forms of family and write the advantages & disadvantages of such.

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