lecture 002- organising for project management efficiency v

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

BI 2

T Chc t c Hiu Qu Qun Tr D n

Gii thiu

T chc: nhm ngi phi phi hp cc hot ng ca h p ng cc mc tiu t chc

Nhiu t chc khng c c cu qun tr d n chnh thc

Cng vic d n c x l trn c s phi th thc

Khng c c cu tt nht i ph vi nhng thch thc ca t chc tng lai

Bi ny tho lun v nhu cu t chc thng qua cc phng php qun tr d n mt cch chnh thc.

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S cn thit ca ti c cu

Cuc cch mng cng ngh (s phc tp v a dng ca sn phm, vt liu v qu trnh mi, v nhng nh hng ca nghin cu quy m ln)

S cnh tranh v s hn ch li nhun (cc th trng bo ha, lm pht lng v chi ph vt liu, v hiu qu sn xut)

Chi ph marketing cao

Khng th d on c cc nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng (v thu nhp cao, nhiu la chn v th hiu khc nhau)

Nhng yu im truyn thng

Qun l tha mn vi cc k nng k thut nhng cc d n khng p ng c thi gian, chi ph v cc yu cu d n khc

Mc cam kt thc hin cng vic d n cao nhng c s dao ng ln v mc p ng cc thng s hiu qu cng vic.

Cc chuyn vin c ti tham gia d n c cm gic b bc lt v lm dng.

Cc c nhn hoc cc nhm k thut c th thng li cho nhau v vic khng p ng c cc thng s hoc k hn.

Cc d n ng hn v thng s nhng cc nhm v c nhn khng hi lng vi nhng g t c.

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

Cc cu hi

Cng vic t chc cn phi kim sot st sao n mc no nu n c thc hin hiu qu?

Nhng nhu cu v thi ca nhng ngi thc hin nhng cng vic l g? Nhng nh hng c th ca cc c ch kim sot i vi ng lc thc y v hiu qu hot ng ca chng l g?

S phn nhm x hi t nhin m con ngi nh n nhn din bn thn l g? Cc mi quan h x hi quan trng n mc no vi ng lc thc y v hiu qu cng vic?

Cc cu hi (tip)

Kha cnh no ca cc hot ng t chc cn phi c kt hp cht ch nu mun hon thnh nhim v tng th?

C th xy dng nhng phng php t chc no mang li mt phng php kim sot v phi hp cc hot ng cng vic thch hp, ng thi p ng c cc nhu cu ca con ngi v cung cp ng lc?

Nhng thay i mi trng no c kh nng nh hng n xu hng hot ng ca cng ty tng lai? C th thc hin nhng phng php t chc no bo m rng doanh nghip phn ng li hiu qu?

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

Dng cng vic t chc

Quyn: quyn trao cho cc c nhn (theo v tr ca h) h c th a ra nhng quyt nh cui cng

Trch nhim: ngha v ca cc c nhn theo vai tr ca h trong t chc chnh thc thc hin cc cng vic hiu qu

Trch nhim gii trnh: c th tr li v vic hon thnh tha ng mt cng vic c th

Trch nhim gii trnh = Quyn + Trch nhim

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Cc c cu t chc

Cc t chc truyn thng (c in): Nhn vin c phn nhm theo lnh vc chc nng nh:

Ti chnh Nhn s hoc Marketing.

Cc t chc d n n thun: c mt b phn d n trong t chc.

Cc t chc theo ma trn: l s kt hp cc t chc chc nng v t chc d n.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

Cp nhm

Trch nhim chc nng

T chc truyn thng

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Tng gim c

K thut Sn xut Bn hng MarketingAdminis-

tration

Cp b phn

Qun trCp gim c

Cp phng

T chc truyn thng

c t chc theo cc hot ng chung hoc theo chuyn mn nh k ton, dch v khch hng hoc cng ngh thng tin

Cc t chc qun tr c in hi lng vi cng tc kim sot

Xung t mc ti thiu

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc truyn thng

Nhng thun li:

Lp ngn sch d hn v c th kim sot chi ph

C th kim sot mt k thut tt hn

Cc chuyn vin c th c phn nhm chia s kin thc v trch nhim

Nhn s c s dng trong nhiu d n khc nhau

Tt c cc d n u hng li t cng ngh tin tin nht (s dng nhn s khan him tt hn)

Linh hot trong cng tc s dng nhn lc.

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T chc truyn thng

Nhng thun li: (tip)

Cung cp mt c s nhn lc rng

Mang li s lin tc v cc quy tc chc nng; cc chnh sch, quy trnh v trch nhim d xc nh v d hiu

Sn sng cho php cc hot ng sn xut hng lot trong gii hn cc thng s thit lp.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc truyn thng

Nhng thun li: (tip)

Kim sot nhn s tt bi v mi nhn vin u bo co vi mt v ch mt ngi

Cc knh truyn thng theo chiu dc v c thit lp tt

C kh nng phn ng nhanh nhy nhng c th ph thuc vo cc u tin ca nh qun tr chc nng.

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T chc truyn thng

Nhng bt li:

Khng c nhn no trc tip chu trch nhim v ton b d n (ngha l khng c quyn chnh thc; cc gii php y ban).

Khng ly d n lm trng tm hon thnh cc nhim v d n.

S phi hp tr nn phc tp v thm thi gian ch i ph duyt cc quyt nh.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc truyn thng

Nhng bt li: (tip)

Nhng quyt nh thng ng h cc nhm chc nng mnh nht

Khng ly khch hng lm trng tm

p ng nhu cu ca khch hng chm

Gp kh khn khi xc nh trch nhim; iu ny xut pht t vic khng hoc t bo co d n trc tip, rt t hoch nh d n v khng c quyn d n.

ng lc v i mi gim

Cc tng thng c nh hng chc nng t theo cc d n ang din ra.

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Cu trc d n n thun

Tng gim c

Qun l D n A

Qun l D n B

Qun l d n C

K thut

Sn xut

K thut

Sn xut

K thut

Sn xut

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PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc d n n thun

Nh qun tr d n c quyn hn sp xp quyn u tin v ch o cng vic ca tt c cc thnh vin i d n

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T chc d n n thun

Nhng thun li

Cung cp quyn hn hon ton cho d n (kim sot mnh bng quyn d n).

Nhng ngi tham gia d n lm vic trc tip cho nh qun tr d n. Cc dng sn phm khng c li nhun c xc nh r rng v c th b loi b

Cc knh truyn thng mnh

Nhn vin c th duy tr chuyn mn trong mt d n nht nh m khng phi chia s nhn s ch cht

Thi gian phn ng nhanh nhy

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc d n n thun

Nhng thun li (tip)

Nhn s th hin s trung thnh i vi d n; tinh thn i vi s nhn din sn phm tt hn.

Trng tm xy dng cc mi quan h vi khch hng ngoi cng ty

Linh hot trong vic xc nh thi gian (lch trnh), chi ph, v s cn bng cc yu t khc nhau t c hiu qu cao nht

Ban qun l cp cao c nhiu thi gian hn ra quyt nh thc hin

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T chc d n n thun

Nhng bt li

Chi ph duy tr hnh thc ny trong mt cng ty a sn phm qu cao do nhn i n lc, c s vt cht v nhn s; s dng khng hiu qu

Tn ti xu hng gi li nhn s ca d n lu sau khi cn h. Qun l cp cao phi cn i khi lng cng vic khi d n khi cng v chia giai on.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc d n n thun

Nhng bt li (tip)

Cng ngh ti t hn bi v, khng c cc nhm chc nng mnh, trin vng tng lai ci thin nng lc cng ty cho cc chng trnh mi b cn tr (Khng duy tr cng ngh).

Cng tc kim sot cc chuyn vin chc nng (t chc) i hi phi c s phi hp cp cao nht.

Thiu c hi trao i k thut gia cc d n.

Thiu tnh lin tc v ngh nghip v cc c hi cho nhn s d n.

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Cu trc t chc ma trn

K thutCc hot

ngTi chnh Khc

Qun tr d nX

Qun tr d nY

Qun tr d nZ

Tng gim c

Trch nhim d n

Tr

ch

nh

im

ch

c n

n

g

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc ma trn

T chc ma trn kt hp cc li th ca cu trc n thun v cu trc d n

Nh qun tr d n chia s trch nhim vi cc nh qun tr chc nng v vic sp xp th t u tin v hng dn cng vic ca cc c nhn phn b cho d n.

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Xy dng ma trn

Nhng ngi tham gia phi dnh ton b thi gian cho d n; iu ny m bo mc trung thnh

Phi c cc knh chiu dc v chiu ngang to s cam kt

Phi c cc phng php gii quyt xung t nhanh chng v hiu qu

Phi c cc knh truyn thng tt v s truy cp t do gia cc nh qun tr.

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

Xy dng ma trn

Tt c cc nh qun tr u phi c u vo cho qu trnh hoch nh.

Cc nh qun tr theo chiu dc v chiu ngang phi sn sng m phn v ngun lc.

Phi cho php hot ng chiu ngang nh mt thc th tch bit ngoi tr cc mc ch hnh chnh.

(tip)

Cu trc t chc ma trn

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc ma trn

Nhng thun li

Nh qun tr d n duy tr mc kim sot d n ti a i vi tt c cc ngun lc (qua cc nh qun l trc tip), bao gm chi ph v nhn s.

Nhng chnh sch v quy trnh c th c thit lp c lp cho mi d n min l chng khng tri vi nhng chnh sch v quy trnh ca cng ty.

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T chc ma trn

Nhng thun li (tip)

Nh qun tr d n c quyn s dng cc ngun lc cng ty min l lch trnh khng mu thun vi cc d n khc.

C th phn ng nhanh chng trc nhng thay i, gii quyt xung t v cc nhu cu ca d n.

T chc chc nng tn ti ch yu h tr cho d n.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc ma trn

Nhng thun li (tip)

Mi ngi u c nh sau khi hon thnh d n. Con ngi d b tc ng bi ng lc thc y v sn phm cui cng. Mi ngi c th tm thy mt con ng s nghip.

Bi v c th chia s nhng nhn s ct cn nn chi ph chng trnh c gim thiu ti a. Mi ngi c th lm vic nhiu lnh vc: c ngha l kim sot con ngi tt hn.

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T chc ma trn

Nhng thun li (tip)

C th xy dng c mt c s k thut mnh v dnh nhiu thi gian hn gii quyt cc vn phc tp. Tri thc dnh cho cc d n l nh nhau.

Xung t mc ti thiu v nhng xung t cn tham chiu th bc d dng gii quyt hn.

Cn bng gia thi gian, chi ph v hiu qu tt hn.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc ma trn

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Nhng thun li (tip)

Nh qun tr d n c quyn s dng cc ngun lc cng ty min l lch trnh khng mu thun vi cc d n khc.

C th phn ng nhanh chng trc nhng thay i, gii quyt xung t v cc nhu cu ca d n.

T chc chc nng tn ti ch yu h tr cho d n.

T chc ma trn

Nhng thun li (tip)

Cc chuyn vin v cc chuyn gia pht trin nhanh chng

Quyn v trch nhim c chia s

p lc c chia u cho i nhm (v cc nh qun tr chc nng).

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc ma trn

Nhng bt li

Dng thng tin a chiu

Dng cng vic a chiu

Bo co hai mt

Cc u tin thay i lin tc

Cc mc ch qun l khc cc mc ch d n

Nguy c xy ra xung t v gii quyt xung t lin tc

Kh khn trong vic gim st v kim sot.

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T chc ma trn

Nhng bt li (tip)

C cu t chc ton cng ty khng tit kim chi ph bi v yu cu nhiu ngi hn mc cn thit, c bit l v mng hnh chnh.

Tng t chc d n hot ng c lp. i hi phi cn thn v hot ng khng lp li.

Ban u cn nhiu thi gian v sc lc hn xc nh cc chnh sch v qu trnh, so vi hnh thc t chc truyn thng.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

T chc ma trn

Nhng bt li (tip)

Cc nh qun tr chc nng c th chch th t cc quyn u tin ca chnh h.

Phi theo di s cn i quyn lc gia t chc d n v t chc chc nng.

Phi gim st s cn i thi gian, chi ph v hiu qu hot ng.

Mc d thi gian phn ng nhanh chng gii quyt cc vn c nhn nhng thi gian phn ng li c th kh chm.

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T chc ma trn

Nhng bt li (tip)

Nhn vin v cc nh qun l khng r v vai tr hn trong hnh thc t chc truyn thng.

Cc xung t v gii php gii quyt xung c th l mt qu trnh lin tc (c th cn s h tr ca mt chuyn gia t chc).

Mi ngi khng cm thy h c quyn kim sot s phn ca chnh h khi lin tc phi bo co vi nhiu nh qun l.

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Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

C cu t chc ma trn

(vi mt gim c qun tr d n)

Gim c:Qun tr d n

Gim c:K thut

Gim c:Sn xut

Gim c:Ti chnh/Hnh chnh

Qun tr d n X

Qun tr d n Y

Qun tr d n Z

Tng gim c

n V Kinh Doanh Chin LcQun Tr D n

C.TrnhC.TrnhSBU

Chrysler

C.TrnhC.TrnhSBUGM

C. trnhC. trnhSBUFord

Nh qunl chngtrnh

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

Qun tr d n SBU S dng Qun l nn tng

Nn tng

Nn tng

Nn tng

SBU SBUSBU

Qun l nn tng

Qun l chng trnhSBU

Cn i cc k nng k thut v K nng nhn s

K nng k thut

Cao

K nng nhn s

Thp

Thnh vin Thnh vin Gim st Qun l Quan chc Ch tch

Cp di Cp trn cp trung cp cao

V tr no thch hp cho mt nh qun tr d n?

Project Management

PGSM International Executive MBA

Cc yu t la chn hnh thc t chc

Cu hi: Cc nh iu hnh xc nh hnh thc t chc tt nht nh th no?

Quy m d n

di d n

Kinh nghim t chc qun tr d n

Trit l v tm nhn ca cc nh qun tr d n cp cao

V tr ca d n

Cc ngun lc c sn

Cc kha cnh c o ca d n

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Hot ng trn lp 2a

Xc nh c cu t chc hin ti ca bn

V s t chc hin ti ca bn

Lit k nhng thun li v bt li cho vic thc hin cc d n.

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Project Management

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Cu hi?