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Lighting

Instructor : Eng. Wael Younis

Some Technical Expressions

Luminous Flux (Ф) ( الفيض الضوئي)

هو كمية الشعاع الضوئي المنبعث من المصدر الضوئي في Lumen (Lm) بوحدة اليومين الثانية الواحدة

Luminous Efficiency (η) ( الكفاية الضوئية)

هي النسبة بين الفيض الضوئي للمصدر الضوئي وقدرته الكهربائية

( / )Lm WPφη =

Some Technical Expressions

Illuminance Flux (E) ( االستضاءة)

هي الفيض الضوئي الساقط عموديا على وحدة المساحات (Lm/m2) وتساوي Luxووحدتها

2( / )E Lm m LuxAφ

= ⇒

: m2 ( A( مساحة السطح العمودي على األشعة الضوئية

Some Technical Expressions

General Color rendering Index ( دليل ثبات األلوان)

استطاعة المصدر الضوئي على المحافظة على ألوان االجسام ويكون دليل ثبات األلوان لمصدر اضاءة صناعي , بدون تغير

عندما يوجد تطابق بين لون االجسام الظاهرة تحت ضوء 100هذا المصدر الصناعي مع لون االجسام الظاهرة تحت الضوء

) . الشمس ( الطبيعي

دل على أنه يوجد تغير كبير في 100كلما قل هذا المعامل عن . ألوان األجسام

Good Lighting Conditions In Buildings

. أن تكون االضاءة متجانسة داخل الغرفة الواحدة

Illuminanceأن تكون االستضاءة المتوسطة Flux داخل الغرفة مطابقة لالستضاءة Luxبوحدة

.المطلوبة حسب طبيعة استخدام الغرفة ينصح بعدم استخدام مصابيح بدون وحدات انارة

Luminaries عند نصوع لتجنب اجهاد العين لوجود . سطح المصباح

Required Illuminance for Different Places

Required Illuminance for Different Places

Incandescent Lamps

Fluorescent Lamps

Industrial Lighting Sourses

A. Filament Lamps

B. Gas Discharge Lamps

High Pressure Mercury Lamps (HPM)High Pressure Sodium Lamps (HPS)

Low Pressure Sodium Lamps (LPS)Metal Halide Lamps

Blend Light Lamps

Incandescent Lamps

Industrial Lighting Sourses

1. Outline of Glass bulb 2. Low pressure inert gas

(argon, neon, nitrogen) 3. Tungsten filament 4. Contact wire (goes out of

stem) 5. Contact wire (goes into stem) 6. Support wires 7. Stem (glass mount) 8. Contact wire (goes out of

stem) 9. Cap (sleeve) 10. Insulation 11.Electrical contact

Incandescent Lamps

Industrial Lighting Sourses

Luminous Efficiency (η) = 10-15 Lm/W

Life Time = 1000 Hr

General Color rendering Index = 100

Fluorescent Lamps

Industrial Lighting Sourses

A fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube is a gas-discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor. The excited mercury atoms produce short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce, producing visible light.

A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch

Industrial Lighting Sourses

A: Fluorescent tube, B: Power (+220 volts), C: Starter, D: Switch (bi-metallic thermostat), E: Capacitor, F: Filaments, G: Ballast

A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch

Industrial Lighting Sourses

C: Starter, D: Switch (bi-metallic thermostat), E: Capacitor,

A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch

Industrial Lighting Sourses

F: Filaments,

A preheat Fluorescent Lamp Circuit using an automatic starting switch

Industrial Lighting Sourses

G: Ballast

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CLF)

Industrial Lighting Sourses

A type of fluorescent lamp

Energy saving light

Many CFLs are designed to replace an incandescent lamp

British Zonal Method (BZ)

Lighting Calculations

Desk or Bench Height

0.85 m

Mounting Height of Fitting (fromworking plane)

Hm (m)

Room Length W (m)

Suspension Height fromCeiling

Hs(m)

Room Width L (m)

Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85

British Zonal Method (BZ)

Room Index

The room index is a number that describes the ratios of the rooms length, width and height.

( )LWKr

Hm L W=

+

Where :L = Room LengthW = Room WidthHm = Mounting Height of Fitting (from working plane)Work Plane = Desk or Bench Height

British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor

Reflection factor depends on :

Ceiling reflection factor ρc

Wall reflection factor ρw

Flour reflection factor ρf

British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to color

British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to material

British Zonal Method (BZ):للتسهيل يمكم تقسيم األلوان إلى ثالث درجات وهي

, صخري فاتح , برتقالي فاتح , أصفر , آريمي (ألوان فاتحة )أبيض

Reflection Factor =0.5

, أخضر فاتح , أخضر فاتح , وردي , رمادي (ألوان متوسطة )صخري

Reflection Factor =0.3 )أزرق , أخضر داآن, أحمر , بني , رمادي داآن (ألوان داآنة

Reflection Factor =0.1

British Zonal Method (BZ)Depreciation Factor: (ρw = 0.3)

British Zonal Method (BZ)S/Hm factor: The ratio of spacing between the lighting units toHeight of the unit from the work plane.

S/Hm =1.2 82%This means that for every 1 meter of mounting height (above work plane) we should have a maximum 1.2 meters between fittings.

Andmin

max

100 82EE

× =

British Zonal Method (BZ)Red. factor: Depends on the power of the lamps on the unit

Ex. Red. Factor

2x40W=1.02x62W=0.92

British Zonal Method (BZ)Utilization factor (Uf):

This is a value between 0 and 1 that represents thepercentage of total lamp lumens in the room that fall onthe work plane.

It depends on :Reflection factorRoom idexLighting unit type.

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (F type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (D type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (S type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for Industrial Lighting Units (DD type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (C type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (E type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (G type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (H type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Luminous Flux (Ф) for Different lighting units

British Zonal Method (BZ)Luminous Flux (Ф) for Different lighting units

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85Height from the work plane (m)

HsSuspension Height (m)

HtTotal Height (m)

ARoom Area (m2)

LRoom Length (m)

WRoom Width (m)

Project

British Zonal Method (BZ)

Lighting Calculations

Desk or Bench Height

0.85 m

Mounting Height of Fitting (fromworking plane)

Hm (m)

Room Length W (m)

Suspension Height fromCeiling

Hs(m)

Room Width L (m)

Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

UfUtilization Factor

nLamp number in the unit

ρfFlour Reflection Factor

ρwWall Reflection Factor

ρcCeiling Reflection Factor

Room Index

( )rm

LWKH L W

=+

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Longitudinal Lighting Unit Number

Number of calculated Lighting Units

ERequired Illuminance Flux (Lux)

ФLamp Luminous Flux (Lm)

KRed. FactorFDepreciation Factor

f

EAFNnU Kφ

=

LLNNW

=

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Calculated Illuminance Flux (Lux)

Calculated S/Hm Ratio

Cross Lighting Unit NumberL

WNNW

=

/ mm

S A HH N

=

.f

eN nU KE

A Fφ

=

British Zonal Method (BZ)Applications: Lighting of Drawing office

أبيض : السقفبلوط فاتح: الحوائط

بالط داآن نظيف : األرضية General Lighting Unit (C type) , Fluorescent2x40W

British Zonal Method (BZ)Applications: Lighting of Drawing office

Hm=Ht-Hs-0.85

Hs

Ht

A

L

W

Drawing office

2.15mHeight from the work plane (m)

0Suspension Height (m)

3.5mTotal Height (m)

50m2Room Area (m2)

10mRoom Length (m)

5mRoom Width (m)

Project

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Uf (table 1-13)

n

Ρf (table 1-7)

Ρw ( table 1-7)

Ρc (table 1-6)

Utilization Factor

Lamp number in the unit

Flour Reflection Factor

Wall Reflection Factor

0.7Ceiling Reflection Factor

1.55Room Index

( )rm

LWKH L W

=+

British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to color

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Uf (table 1-13)

n

Ρf (table 1-7)

Ρw ( table 1-7)

Ρc (table 1-6)

Utilization Factor

Lamp number in the unit

0.2Flour Reflection Factor

0.3Wall Reflection Factor

0.7Ceiling Reflection Factor

1.55Room Index

( )rm

LWKH L W

=+

British Zonal Method (BZ)Reflection Factor values according to material

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Uf (table 1-13)

n

Ρf (table 1-7)

Ρw ( table 1-7)

Ρc (table 1-6)

0.47Utilization Factor

2Lamp number in the unit

0.2Flour Reflection Factor

0.3Wall Reflection Factor

0.7Ceiling Reflection Factor

1.55Room Index

( )rm

LWKH L W

=+

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (C type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Power and Type of Lamp

E ( table 1-23)

Ф(table 1-17)

K (table 1-13)

F (table 1-8)

Number of calculated Lighting Units

Required Illuminance Flux (Lux)

Lamp Luminous Flux (Lm)

Red. Factor

1.33Depreciation Factor

f

EAFNnU Kφ

=

British Zonal Method (BZ)Depreciation Factor: (ρw = 0.3)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Power and Type of Lamp

E ( table 1-23)

Ф (table 1-17)

K (table 1-13)

F (table 1-8)

Number of calculated Lighting Units

Required Illuminance Flux (Lux)

Lamp Luminous Flux (Lm)

1Red. Factor

1.33Depreciation Factor

f

EAFNnU Kφ

=

British Zonal Method (BZ)Technical Data for General Lighting Units (C type)

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Fluorescent40W

Power and Type of Lamp

E ( table 1-23)

Ф (table 1-17)

K (table 1-13)

F (table 1-8)

Number of calculated Lighting Units

Required Illuminance Flux (Lux)

3000LmLamp Luminous Flux (Lm)

1Red. Factor

1.33Depreciation Factor

f

EAFNnU Kφ

=

British Zonal Method (BZ)Luminous Flux (Ф) for Different lighting units

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

Fluorescent40W

Power and Type of Lamp

E ( table 1-23)

Ф (table 1-17)

K (table 1-13)

F (table 1-8)

11.8 12Number of calculated Lighting Units

500LuxRequired Illuminance Flux (Lux)

3000LmLamp Luminous Flux (Lm)

1Red. Factor

1.33Depreciation Factor

f

EAFNnU Kφ

=

Required Illuminance for Different Places

British Zonal Method (BZ)Lighting Calculation Sheet

4.89 6Longitudinal Lighting

Unit Number

E2=448 luxCalculated Illuminance

Flux (Lux)

0.59Calculated S/Hm Ratio

2.4 2Cross Lighting Unit

Number LWNNW

=

/ mm

S A HH N

=

.f

eN nU KE

A Fφ

=

LLNNW

=