m. stoev vipv afyon 2015

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Vehicle Integrated Potovoltaics

(VIPV)

M. Stoev

Solar Energy Centre

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

South-West University “Neofit Rilski” 

Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA

Website: www.swu.bg 

E-mail: mstoev@mail.bg

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Agenda

• PV effect: Basics

• PV materials

• VIPV

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f

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The main parameters for measuring solar

cells performance 

• Isc-short circuit current;

•  Voc-open circuit

voltage;

•  Cell efficiency;

•  FF- fill factor;

The short circuit current (Isc), is the current

which is generated by the solar cell if it is

connected to a low impedance forcing the

voltage across the device to V = 0.

The open circuit voltage (Voc), i.e. the

voltage which builds up across the cell as

long as its terminals are kept on high

impedance forcing the electrical current to I

= 0. This quantity is related to the bandgap

of the semiconductor used.

    1ln

o

 ph

oc I 

 I 

q

kT V 

The fill factor (FF) corresponding to the ratio of the power which can need be

generated by the solar cell (under maximum power conditions i.e. when it isconnected to a suitable charge) to the product of Voc*Isc This factor is related

to the curvature of the I-V characteristics.

 scoc

m

 I V 

 P  FF 

The cell efficiency can be determined from these three external parameters

and from the area of the cell

 power  solar incident  A

 FF  I V 

 P  A

 P   scoc

in

m

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Solar panel power during a day, for different technologies

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SEM70 PV module

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V – I characteristics of PV module

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V – I characteristics of PV module

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 As T increases, Eg gets less (due to bandgap narrowing)  the current goes up,BUT… the voltage goes down.

Overall  decreases.

For a Si solar cell

1

1

12

%5.0

2.2

1.0

 K dT 

d 

mVK dT 

dV 

 K  AmdT 

dJ 

oc

 sc

Increasing radiation increases   leads to concentrating systems.

Effect of Temperature

VOLT G

U

R

R

N

T

temperature

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V – I characteristics of PV module

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Effect of shading on one cell of a single crystalline module that

has no internal bypass diode

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I-V curve of 10 cells with one cell shaded, with bypass diodes on each cell

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70 Wp PV panel of 36 cells with three bypass diodes.

35 cells are irradiated with 1000 W/m2 , one cell is partially

shaded from 0% to 100% with 10 W/m2 remaining radiation

(difussed).

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PV module: defects after vibrations

     N    o    r    m    a     l

      D     e      f     e     c      t

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Uni-Solar laminate

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Auburn Hills, Michigan, USA 

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MPPT electronic

• Combination of high efficiency by-pass diodes and fast MPPT

electronic

• Low consume by-pass diodes

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PV Power from Solar roof and

windows

• Laminated SunPower laminated celles in

polymer sheets: 220 Wp

• Cells integrated into the two small rear

windows: 40 Wp

• 1.6 – 1.8 kWh/day

• 65 – 70 Wh/km

• 20-25 km/day (average annual solar day)

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Solar House with RES

technologies integration

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Building Integrated Photovoltaics

(BIPV)

• Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)

are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace

conventional building materials in parts of the building

envelope such as the roof , skylights, or facades 

- incorporation into the construction of new buildings

- ancillary source of electrical power  

- initial cost can be offset by reducing the amount spent

on building materials and labor that would normally be

used to construct the part of the building that the BIPV

modules replace 

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BIPV: East Germany

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BIPV: East Germany

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VIPV applications

• To power loads directly

• To charge energy storage devices

battery- electric vehicleshybrid-electric vehicles 

• Improving fossil-fuel combustion and

reducing heat-engine emissions

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VIPV: Solar electrolysis configuration

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VIPV: Solar cooling

• Reduce solar glare on driver, improvedcomfort

• Control solar heating• Power electronics, battery charging

• Power ventilation /reduce cabin temps

• Reduce A/C load at start-up• Reduce A/C size ~30% (NREL study)

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VIPV: Automotive PV potential market

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ZEM prototype: Zero EMission vehicle

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VIPV

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VIPV: FORD solar roof

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VIPV: FORD solar roof

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VIPV: TOYOTA Solar Prius

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VIPV: Blue car

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VIPV: service

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Hybrid Solar Vehicle developed by

French company Ventury

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Solar charging station

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Solar Charging Station

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HONDA Solar Charging Station

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Vehicle to Grid technology (V2G)

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Eco Charging Station

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EV Renault: Charging station

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VIPV: Recreation Vehicles (RV)

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VIPV: Lada Solar

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140 Wp CIPV mounted system on the car roof

PV1

PV2

The roof of the car 

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The principle scheme of 140 Wp Viecle Integrated PV

(VIPV) system

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VIPV loads

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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR

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Lada Niva 4X4: Solar roof

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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR: Solar roof

L d Ni 4X4 SOLAR ff d

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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR: off-roadwww.offroad-bulgaria.com

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Lada Niva 4X4 SOLAR: Demonstrations

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6th International Conference: FMNS-2015

South-West University “Neofit Rilski” Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences

Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria

10 – 14 June, 2015

Topics:MathematicsInformatics

Computer Technologies

Geography, Ecology and Environment Protection

Physics and Technology

Chemistry

Methodology in Education

Workshop - Renewable Energy TechnologiesRound Table "Energy and Sustainable Development“ 

www.fmns.swu.bg

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Conclusions

• Electric Vehicle (EV)

• Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

• Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

• Vehicle to Grid technology (V2G)

• Hybrid Solar Vehicle (HSV)

• Recreation Vehicle (RV)

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Thank you for your attention!