malaria nyamuk

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MALARIA

WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW

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 A endaToday we will be looking at:

What is Malaria

Sign and Symptom

Diagnosis and Treatment

Prevention

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Malaria: what is malaria?

Malaria is a life-threatenin disease caused b arasites

(P.falciparum, P.vivax, P.ovale, P.malariae, P.knowlesi)

  .

of malaria, 200 million cases per year with > 600,000

death, mainly 70% children under 5 years old

Indonesia malaria area:

• g r s : apua, es apua, , a u u, or a u u• Medium risk: Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumatera

• Low risk: Java (Pangandaran, Ujungkulon)

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Indonesia endemic area

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TransmissionMalaria is transmitted by infected female anopheles mosquitoes

They 

start 

biting 

by 

late 

evening 

and 

the 

peak 

of  

biting 

activity 

is 

at 

midnight and early hours of  morning

Adult  Ano heles can be identified b   their t ical restin   osition: males 

and females rest with their abdomens sticking up in the air rather than 

parallel to the surface on which they are resting

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 Anopheles, Aedes & Culex

 Anopheles

 Aedes  u ex

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Transmission

When someone is bitten b an infected mos uito the

parasites enter their blood stream and move to theirliver.

Malaria can also be transmitted:

•

• from mother to baby during pregnancy.

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Malaria: life c cle

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Malaria: Si n and S m tom

Incubation eriod: 7-30 da s 

The signs and symptoms of malaria are non-specificClinicall sus ected mostl on the basis of fever 

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 Anemia

Hepato-splenomegaly

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Malaria: fever attern

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Malaria: dia nosisMalaria is a MEDICAL Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)

EMERGENCY

• It is important you actimmediately. Your first priority is to

seek medical attention.

Blood smear 

• The diagnosis of malaria is

confirmed by a blood test. A

negative test does not exclude

repeated.

• You need to inform your

medical doctor that you have

to be tested for malaria

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Malaria: treatment

Drugs used against the parasite:• chloroquine

• atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone®)

• artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®)

•

• quinine

• quinidine

• oxycyc ne use n com na on w qu n ne• artesunate

• primaquine

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Malaria: PreventionThere is no vaccine against malaria yet.

Malaria is preventable through preventing

.

bitten throughout the day and night, both insideand outside.

Outside

Clothing: Cover as much of your skin as possible.

Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks and.

attractive to mosquitoes than dark colours.

Repellents: Use repellents on exposed skin. DEET,

Picaridin, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus and IR3535 are

. .

Coils: Burning mosquito coils releases pyrethroids

that repel mosquitoes.

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Malaria: PreventionTime of day: Mosquitoes that carry malaria

are more active from dusk to dawn. Avoid

.

Stay away from risky areas: Mosquitoesare more likely to be found in areas where

they can breed, such as stagnant pools.

 Avoid mosquito-attracting smells:

Perfume fragrances and sweat both attract

mosquitoes. Shower to remove sweat, and

avoid perfumes. Choose unscentedsunscreen, shampoos and other personal

hygiene items.

Eliminate mosquito breeding grounds:

make sure there are no unnecessary

collections of water (e.g in old tyres, potplant dishes, etc.)

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Malaria: PreventionInside

Use an insectic ide-treated bed net: Make sure

.

under the mattress, or make sure it reaches the

floor.

Use insecticide sprays or vaporizers: Spray

. -

vaporizers release insecticide.

Install insect screens on doors and windows:

The mesh size should be less than 1.5mm.

If possible use air conditioning: Mosquitoes are

less active at cooler temperatures.

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Malaria: PreventionThe risk of developing malaria

is also reduced by taking

preventive medication.

Medications must be prescribed

y a octor, or an n v ua

patient.

Medication is started prior toen er ng a ar a area, ura on

varies depending on medication

prescribed by the doctor.

e ca on requency anduration vary and detailed by

prescribing doctor.

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