malolos republic

Short Review Of The Discovery of the Katipunan

MALOLOS REPUBLIC

-the first Philippine Republic

COMPLETE NAME Identify if the person is a member of KATIPUNAN OR REFORM

MOVEMENT1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

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Blue Eagle Eye • Try to decipher the secret message as you go through

each slides. • There are letters marked in red that you must write down

for it will form the secret message

INTRODUCTION AND DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT

Aguinaldo was proclaimed the president of the Philippine Republic in Malolos.

Aguinaldo established the Dictatorial Government in May 1898 to show the capacity of Filipinos for self-government, and a month later, the Revolutionary Government.

Diff. departments were created for the division of duties of the new government.

December 1898 – Treaty of Paris, the United States decided to take over the Philippines

THE DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT

Aguinaldo decided to establish a Filipino government in the wake of his military victories.

He had a draft of a plan for the establishment of a revolutionary government, prepared by Mariano Ponce.

May 24 1898 – Aguinaldo issued a decree formally establishing the Dictatorial Government which nullified the orders issued under the authority of the Biak-na-Bato Republic.

TREATMENT OF ENEMY

May 29, 1898 – one of Aguinaldo’s 1st acts as a dictator, urging the people to stop the disgraceful treatment of Spanish prisoners.

Aguinaldo issued another order on June 1, providing that all classes of crimes were to be tried by competent military tribunals.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

Julian Felipe – composer from Cavite, who showed the draft of Composition entitled Marcha Filipina Magdalo which was later changed to Marcha Nacional Filipana.

Jose Palma – The Lyrics was adapted from his Poem Filipinas.

June 12, 1898 – proclamation of the independence of the Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit).

Philippine National Flag – made in HongKong by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza.

Act of Declaration of Independence – prepared by Ambrosio Riamzares Bautista, signed by 98 people, however was promulgated on August 1.

APOLINARIO MABINI “The Sublime Paralytic”

Adviser of Aguinaldo, his two titles were “Dark Chamber of the President” (for those who envied him)

and “Brains of the Revolution”.

Who is Apolinario Mabini?• Apolinario Mabini was a Filipino political philosopher who

served as the first Philippine Prime Minister.• In history books, he was commonly referred to as “The

Brains of the Revolution” for valiantly trying to stop the American army from taking over the Philippines.

• These actions included rallying the Filipinos and showed deep support to the media about the revolution. He was also the chief advisor of Emilio Aguinaldo.

Basic Background…• Mabini was born on July 23, 1864 in Barangay

Talaga in Tanauan, Batangas. He was the second of eight children of Dionisia Maranan, a vendor in the Tanauan market, and Inocencio Mabini, a Beggar.

• In 1881 Mabini received a scholarship to go to the Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila. A professor there decided to pick on him because his shabby clothing clearly showed he was poor. Mabini amazed the professor by answering a series of very difficult questions with ease.

• Mabini's mother had wanted him to take up the priesthood, but his desire to defend the poor made him decide to take up Law instead.

• A year after receiving his Bachilles en Artes with highest honors and the title Professor of Latin from Letran, he moved on to the University of Santo Tomas, where he received his law degree in 1894.

MALOLOS CONGRESS

*Revolutionary Congress at Barasoain, Malolos September 4 - 50 delegates September 10 - 60 delegates

Banda Pasig - played the National AnthemFelipe Buencamino - wrote Aguinaldo's speech

Officers:President: Pedro A. PaternoVice President: Benito Legarda1st Secretary: Gregorio Araneta2nd Secretary: Pablo Ocampo

The most important achievements of the Malolos Congress: 

1. In September 29, 1898, ratified the declaration of Philippine independence held at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898

2. Passage of a law that allowed the Philippines to borrow P 20 million from banks for government expenses

3. Establishment of the Universidad Literatura de Filipinas and other schools

4. Drafting of the Philippine Constitution

5. Declaring war against the United States on June 12, 1899

The Malolos Constitution 

• Mabini envisioned the Congress to be an advisory body of the President.

• Nevertheless, Mabini submitted his Constitutional Plane of the Philippine Republic, but Congress, for the second time, overruled him.

• With the advice of Cayettano Arellano, Calderon drew up his plans for a constitution, deriving inspiration from the constitutions of Mexico, Belgium, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil and France

The Constitution- The Malolos Constitution:

Some of its characteristics:

• anchored in democratic traditions that ultimately had their roots on American soil.

• created a Filipino State whose government was "popular, representative and responsible"

• three distinct branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. 

• specifically provided for safeguards against abuses and individual rights not only of the Filipinos, but also the aliens.   

The Philippine Republic

Owing to the objections of Mabini to some provisions of the constitution, Aguinaldo did not immediately promulgate it. The Congress leaders compromised with Mabini by agreeing to insert amendments to satisfy the President's closest adviser. On January 21,1899,Aguinaldo finally promulgated the Constitution. Earlier on January 2. he formulated his Cabinet as follows:

Apolinario Mabini - President of the Cabinet and Secretary of Foreign AffairsTeodoro Sandico - Secretary of the Interior Baldomero Aguinaldo - Secretary of WarMariano Trias - Secretary of financeGracio Gonzaga - Secretary of Welfare, including Public Instruction, Public Works, Communications, Agriculture, Industry and Commerence

Revolutionary Periodicals

El Heraldo de la Revolucion - The revolutionary Government founded its official organ, whose first number came out on September 29, 1898.

La Independencia- edited and partly owned by General Antonio Luna. Its first number came out on September 3, 1898.

Some Great Filipino writers in Spanish and their Pennames:

Cecilio Apostol(Catullo)Jose PalmaRafael Palma(Dapit Hapon)Fernando Ma. Guerrero(Fulvio Gil)Epifanio de Los Santos(G. Solon)Jose G. Abreu (Kaibigan)Mariano V. Del Rosario (Tito-Tato)Salvador V. Del Rosario (Juan Tagalo)Rosa SevillaFlorentina Arellano

January 23,1899 - Philippine Republic's Inauguration at Malolos

Aguinaldo took his oath of the officer after having been informed that he had been proclaimed President of the Republic.The Malolos Constitution was read article by article, and the army took its oath of loyalty before the president

Aguinaldo issued a decree granting pardon to all Spanish prisoners of war who were not members of the Spanish regular army and at the same time, granting the Spaniards and other aliens the right to engage in business within the limits of the Republic.

Education On October 24, a decree was issued outlining the

curriculum of the Burgos Institute. Higher education was provided for when, in a decree of October 19, 1898, Aguinaldo created the Literary University of the Philippines.

The first appointed president of the University was Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez. He was succeeded by Dr. Leon Ma. Guerrero, who delivered the commencement address on September 29, 1899. The University did not live long, for the conflict with the Americans led its faculty and students to disperse.

Diplomatic Activities

In order to persuade the foreign Powers to recognize Philippine independence, Aguinaldo created diplomatic positions abroad.

• Subsequently, the diplomatic agents were appointed:

Felipe Agoncillo for the United States…

Mariano Ponce & Faustino Lichauco for

Antonio Regidor for

Juan Luna and for Pedro Roxas

And Eriberto Zarcal for Australia.

However, Most of these diplomatic missions failed partly because of the Treaty of Paris.

TREATY OF PARIS

The Treaty of Paris was Signed on December 10, 1898.

It provided that Spain would cede the Philippines to the United States in return for 20,000,000 USD from United States for the improvements made in the colony. Which, the United States, agreed to give the Spaniards the right to commodities to the Philippines for 10 years on the same terms as those of the United States.

Ratification of the Treaty

The Treaty of Paris did not go into effect until after the American Senate has ratified it.

The proponents of of ratification did not command a majority in the Senate. They believe that the treaty was unfair to the Filipinos.

February 4, 1899 - The unfortunate rupture of Filipino-American hostilities led many opponents of ratification to vote affirmatively.

February 6, 1899 - The treaty was ratified by 2/3 majority.

American Propaganda

After the ratification, the American propaganda made it appear that the Filipinos fired the first shots that led to the Filipino-American Hostilities.

Consequently, the American senators voted for the belief that the Filipinos caused the Rupture of Filipino-American relations.

It directed mainly by the instruments of imperialists, won and thereafter the Philippines became a territory of the United States 

Cushman Davis

George Gray

William Day

William Frye

Religious Schism • Because of the discrimination even under the Catholic

Church, Mabini Urged the Filipinos to establish their own church.

• The Iglesia Filipina Independencia or the Philippine Independent Church was formed. Commonly called as the Aglipayan Church.

• Through the support of Mabini, it was founded on Oct 23,1899.

• Its head is Gregorio Aglipay.

They want me do, but do not want me how

• Everyone says to vote wisely,• But How can you vote wisely?

• In a ½ crosswise, write your own criteria or characteristics that politicians must satisfy to win your vote.

Short Quote• Vote wisely! Weigh each candidate's qualifications, track

record in public service or as a private citizen, over-all personal competencies and dedication to the common good, and proposed programs if elected.

• -Anonymous Source.

Hidden Word

Hidden Word

•Mabuhay Ang Pilipinas

References• History of the Filipino People by Teodoro Agoncillo• Wikimedia Commons• Filipino-know.Net