mba admission in india
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By:admission.edhole.com
آية البقرة ٣٢سورةadmission.edhole.com
BYISMAEL ABD ELMONEM
ATTIA PROFESSOR OF CHEST
DISEASESAL AZHAR UNIVERSITY
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Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological material-- that cause harm discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the natural environment,-- into the atmosphere.
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A process, whereby air is supplied A process, whereby air is supplied and removed from an indoor and removed from an indoor space by natural or mechanical space by natural or mechanical means.means.
Why ventilation is needed Why ventilation is needed indoorsindoors??
To remove heat or moisture OR to To remove heat or moisture OR to reduce the concentration of one reduce the concentration of one OR more indoor pollutants.OR more indoor pollutants.admission.edhole.com
1-Natural 2-Mechanical
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1-It lnvolves flow of outdoor air through windows, cracks and a variety of openings in the buildings.2-Movement of air from indoor spaces to outdoor.
Limitation of Natural Ventilation
- Fairly inefficient as it is NOT UNIFORMLY distributed.
-It brings POLLENS & OTHER POLLUTANTS from outside air.admission.edhole.com
It involves use of fans and heating / air conditioning equipments. Principle of mechanical ventilation
-Pulling fresh air from outside to indoor spaces.
-Exhaust stale air.-Control temperature and humidity
inside.
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-Indoor air pollutants may be up to 100 times higher than outdoor levels. (Environmental protection agency).
-Most people spend 90% of their time indoors. (American Lung Association)
Dirty ventilation systems are a 50% contributor to sick building syndrome. (Healthy Buildings International).
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-50% of all illnesses are either caused or aggravated by polluted indoor air. (American College of Allergists).
-Legionnaire’s disease was spawned in air conditioning ducts. (ALA) -Indoor airpollution is the primary cause in as many as 50 million cases of occupational chronic respiratory disease each year. (World Health Organization).
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One out of six people who suffer from allergies do so because of the direct result of the fungi and bacteria in the air duct systems. (Total Health & Better Health Magazine)
-As many as one billion people, mostly women and children, are regularly exposed to levels of indoor air pollution exceeding WHO guidelines by up to 100 times. (WHO).admission.edhole.com
· Air tightness of buildings· Poorly designed air conditioning and
ventilation systems· Indoor sources of pollution· Outdoor sources of pollution
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Air Tightness in Buildings Causes inadequate supply of fresh air, as a result, negative pressure develops, which causes:
Ground level pollutants, e.g. CO, Radon
etc.to be drawn inside the buildings. Release of odor (Bioaerosols) and other
pollutants. admission.edhole.com
Pull outside polluted air from vents, cracks and openings and increase dust, pollen etc.
Causes “Sick Building Syndrome”. Poorly Designed Air Conditioning
Systems Results into the production of fungi, molds and other sickness causing microbes.
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· Air tightness of buildings· Poorly designed air conditioning and
ventilation systems· Indoor sources of pollution· Outdoor sources of pollution
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Air Tightness in Buildings Causes inadequate supply of fresh air, as a result, negative pressure develops, which causes:
· Ground level pollutants, e.g. CO, Radon etc.to be drawn inside the buildings.
· Release of odor (Bioaerosols) and other pollutants. · Pull outside polluted air from vents, cracks and
openings and increase dust, pollen etc. · Causes “Sick Building Syndrome”.
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Poorly Designed Air Conditioning Systems Results into the production of fungi, molds and other sickness causing microbes.
Problems of IAQ Enclosed spaces inhabited by humans produce following effects-
· Reduction in oxygen level of spaces. · Increase in CO2 level. · Increase in temperature. · Increase in humidity · Increase in Bioaerosols and odor
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Sniff the air. The nose is the best odor and gas detector, and a good particle detector as well, especially when first entering a contaminated environment.admission.edhole.com
Pollutants can be classified as either primary or secondaryprimary pollutants are substances directly emitted from a
process, such as the carbon monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust or sulfur dioxide released from factories.
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Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they
form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. An important example of a secondary pollutant is ground level ozone.
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Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a term referring to the air quality within and around buildings and structures.
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IAQ can be affected by microbial contaminants (mold, bacteria), gases (including carbon monoxide, radon, volatile organic compounds),and particulates.
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Health effects due to indoor air pollutants may be short- as well as long-term.
Short-term problems include a stuffy, odorous environment and symptoms such as burning eyes, skin irritation, and headaches.
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Long-term health problems have a longer latency period or are chronic in nature.
Health conditions involving some allergic reactions, including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic rhinitis, and some types of asthma, are triggered by bioaerosols.
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Basic approaches to control indoor air pollution include source control, source isolation, increased ventilation, dehumidification, and the use of filters. Possible sources of contamination are eliminated in a source-control strategy.
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