methods of fluoride in sana

Supervised by: Ass. Prof.Ali Almashhadani

Done by: Mohannad Mazloum Moayyad Mazloum

Tariq al-Dawood

بســـــم هللا الرحمن الرحيم جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا

األسنان كلية طب

قسم طب أسنان المجتمع

(It is a part of community Dentistry requirement)

April \ 2014

PERFACE FOR OUR DOCTOR And The Godfather :

Dr/Gf : ALI AL-MASHHADANI

AND GRAET THANKS FOR OUR PARENT FOR THEIR PATIENT AND SUPPORT TO

SEE OUR SUCCESS.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all we thank our doctor /Ali Al-Mashhadani for his effort and patient with us.

We thank the pharmacists who have helped us in the search and also thank the doctors teeth and dental centers who did not Abkhalo us with information and tips

1- What is the fluoride ? 2- About fluoride 3- Source of fluoride in generals

4- Source of fluoride in India and USA 5- Source of fluoride in Sana’a city 6- Results 7- commendations 8- reference

CONTENT

a chemical that is sometimes added to drinking water and toothpaste to help keep teeth healthy

is a chemical ion of the element fluorine - fluoride has one extra electron that gives it a negative charge.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php

scientists found that people who were brought up in s, 1930In the early

areas with naturally fluoridated water had up to two-thirds fewer cavities compared to those who lived in areas where the water was not fluoridated.

Several studies since then have repeatedly shown that when fluoride is added to people's drinking water in areas where levels are low, tooth decay decreases.

Fluoride is extremely useful in preventing cavities and making teeth stronger http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php

The tips include adjusting the current ratio of fluoride in water is between 0.7 mg at a minimum, and maximum 1.2 mg, per liter of water. New tips have been reduced to the Department of Health and Human Services of America (HHSD) that ratio to a minimum, which made the new upper limit is 0.7 mg of fluoride per liter of water.

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php

Excess fluoride exposure can lead to health problems

In Dental Fluorosis

Excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development (during childhood) can result in tiny white streaks or specks in the enamel of the tooth in mild cases of dental fluorosis.

The enamel may be rough and pitted, and difficult to clean

Excess fluoride exposure

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php

Skeletal fluorosis

A bone disease caused by too much fluoride. In severe cases, there is damage to bones and joints, as well as pain.

High fluorine concentrations in the body lead to hardened

and less elastic bones, which increases the risk of fractures

Excess fluoride exposure

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php

The Fluoride also effect on : Stomach – heart – Respiratory system - Skeletal

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php

Fluoride concentration in seawater averages 1.3 ppm (parts per million), while in fresh water supplies the natural range is typically between 0.01 to 0.3 ppm.

Fluoride is found naturally in soil, water, foods, and several minerals, such as fluorapatite and fluorite.

In India, the source of fluoride is in Natural water ( drinking water ) ( wells and rivers ) in high level specially at Villages So thy didn’t add fluoride to the mineral water or any thing else

In India, the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal are affected by fluoride contamination in water. villages affecting 30 million people (Nawalakhe and Paramasivam, 1993). The fluoride content of the water in some villages is given in Table 1 It must be noted that the problem of excess fluoride in drinking water is of recent origin in most parts. Digging up of shallow aquifers for irrigation has resulted in declining levels of ground water. As a result, deeper aquifers are used, and the water in these aquifers contains a higher level of fluoride (Gupta and Sharma, 1995).

Studies on estimation of flouried and defluoridation of drinking water

drinking water ) water( Natural in India is in the source of fluoride : The Result ( wells , rivers and ground water)

Studies on estimation of flouried and defluoridation of drinking water

Table 1

The tips include adjusting the current ratio of fluoride in water is between 0.7 mg at a minimum, and maximum 1.2 mg, per liter of water. New tips have been reduced to the Department of Health and Human Services of America (HHSD) that ratio to a minimum, which made the new upper limit is 0.7 mg of

fluoride per liter of water.

Because

They have anther source they started Salt add fluoride to

http://rebeldietitian.us/eat-clean/drink-clean/fluoride/

Table 2 Table 3

http://rebeldietitian.us/eat-clean/drink-clean/fluoride/

Table 2

Table 3

We did a search about methods of fluoride in Sana’a city at different places

1- Super markets ( Dthmaran – Shumellah harry – Alhuda )

2- Pharmacy ( Ibnhyan – alam alsedaleh – hyaty – four others small pharmacies )

3- Dental clinical : A- Al-arefy center ( Dr Abd alaziz + Dr Nesreen ) B- Ce plas hospital ( Dr Someh + Dr Sarah + Dr Modhesh ) C- almotahedoon center ( Dr Haytham + Dr Mohi aldeen ) D- alhaddad center ( Dr Khaled + Dr Yehya ) E- Dr Abady clinical

-We searched for fluoride in :

Canned Food - Soft drinks– water – Juices - Rice and sugar – salt - Frozen food – Snacks and Energy Drinks

We found fluoride only in water in different Percent

Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7

Presence of Fluoride The company Kind

No fluoride All companies Chocolate

No fluoride All companies Chips

No fluoride All companies Peanuts

No fluoride All companies Biscuits

No fluoride All companies Nuts

No fluoride All companies sweets

No fluoride All companies Rice

No fluoride All companies Sugar

No fluoride All companies

( all companies in Yemen but there are companies

out of Yemen added fluoride to salt )

Salt

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

Table 4

Presence of Fluoride The company Kind

No fluoride All companies Juices

No fluoride All companies Soft drinks

No fluoride All companies Milk

No fluoride All companies Raib

No fluoride All companies Energy Drinks

No fluoride All companies Canned Food

No fluoride All companies Frozen food

No fluoride All companies Yogurt

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

Table 5

Percent of fluoride The company

0,35 mg\l Seham

0.7 mg\l Evean

0,2 mg\l Tanoreen

0.10 mg\l Maniva

0,05 mg\l Albeen

0,05 mg\l Aden

0.1mg\l Sana’a

0,3 mg\l Albarakh

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

Table 6

Percent of fluoride The company

0,1 mg\l shamlan

0.7 mg\l Haddah

0,10 mg\l Roa’a

No fluoride Hayah

No fluoride Saka

No fluoride Volovek

No fluoride Alrahmeh

No fluoride Msafi

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

Table 7

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

We asked the pharmacist about medications that contain fluoride and also you come to him prescriptions for fluoride

:The answers all of them no one come to ask for Fluoride but 1- most of

Customers ask for Toothpaste and Mouthwash by them self or

with Prescription

2- They don’t have medicines with Fluoride

Table 8 Table 9 Table 10

Percent of fluoride The company Type of medicines

1450 ppm Silca Toothpaste

Yes but not mention Eludril Toothpaste

1450 ppm Sensodyne

All type

Toothpaste

1000 ppm Paradontax Toothpaste

1360 ppm Laclut Toothpaste

1450 ppm Signal

All type

Toothpaste

1450 ppm Crest Toothpaste

1100 ppm Arm & Hammar Toothpaste

Yes but not mention Elgydium Toothpaste

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

Table 8

Percent of fluoride The company Type of medicines

1450 ppm Close up Toothpaste

Yes but not mention Putizl ( for children ) Toothpaste

No fluoride Nano Care ( whitening ) Toothpaste

1450 ppm Sanino Toothpaste

1450 ppm Aqua Fresh Toothpaste

Yes but not mention White glo Toothpaste

1450 ppm Trisa Toothpaste

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

Table 9

Percent of fluoride The company Type of medicines

250 ppm Parodontax Mouthwash

250 ppm Sensodyne Mouthwash

Yes but not mention Araxine Mouthwash

250 ppm White Glo Mouthwash

Yes but not mention Aloe Dent Mouthwash

Yes but not mention Eipico Mouthwash

225 ppm Lacalwt Mouthwash

225 ppm Aktiv Mouthwash

Yes but not mention Hexadyl Mouthwash

Dr Mohannad Mazloum – Dr Moayyad Mazloum – Dr Tariq Al-Dawood

Table 10

We asked the doctors about fluoride if the patient need it how they give fluoride to them at clinical or by prescription

:The answers Of all doctors we tell the patient to buy Toothpaste

and Mouthwash in generals But Dr Someh , Dr Sarah ,Dr Modhesh and Dr Khaled for children if they need

Results Fluoride is available in the city of Sana'a in mineral water rose higher than any other natural source last While there is no fluoride added to foods or snacks or juices or soft drinks, canned foods, not even in salt, while in medicines and dental clinics get fluoride from toothpaste and mouthwash the mouth and through the dentist in the clinic topical.

While in India there is a fluoride naturally and very high rates in the groundwater and water wells, rivers or added to water or mineral to any kind of food

While in the United States there is fluoride in some states in the wells at high but generally added to drinking water and mineral water rates low and also added to table salt ratios of light also

commendations After showing us the risks and benefits of fluoride and found that lead to increased health risks, and increase it affect the children greatly.

We advise that the water companies to not increase amount of fluoride from 0.7 mg \ l of water

And reflect the Department of Health and water companies that do not add fluoride to the water, mineral never in areas that contain a high percentage of fluoride in natural waters

We recommend that the parents do not give a newborn water fluoride added to it in order to preserve their health until it is over the age of 6 months

The information reference

What is the fluoride http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride

About fluoride

Methods of fluoride in India Studies on estimation of flouried and defluoridation of drinking water

Methods of fluoride in USA http://rebeldietitian.us/eat-clean/drink-clean/fluoride/

Table 3 -http://www.oralanswers.com/fluoridedosage/-supplement

www.oralanswers.com

reference

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154164.php