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4-10-2010
1
Lloyd s Register: Business unit MarineLloyd s Register: Business unit Marine
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Door:Cor DekkerSenior SpecialistMarine Equipment & Lifting Components
MID 4 October 2010
Lloyd s Register: Business unit: MARINE
The Group at a glance
278 offices delivering services in 100 countries
Some 7,500 employees of 90 nationalities
80 companies
Celebrating our 250 year anniversary this year
Four business divisions:
Marine
Transportation (rail sector)
Energy (ModuSpec, Scandpower)
Management Systems (LRQA)
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Steel wire ropes
PRODUCTION SCHEME STEEL WIRE ROPE
ROPE TERMINOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION OF A STEEL WIRE ROPE
LAY DIRECTION
TYPE OF LAY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
TYPES OF STEEL WIRE ROPE IN USE
ROTATING RESISTANCE
REQUIREMENTS FOR ROPES USED IN LR CLASSED CRANES
DISCARD OF ROPES
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Production scheme steel wire rope
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Lloyd s Register: Business unit: MARINE
ROPE TERMINOLOGY
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CONSTRUCTION OF A STEEL WIRE ROPE
Rope
Strands
Wires
Construction
Warrington Seale
Core
6 x 36 + IWRCWS SUMMARY
EXAMPLE
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CONSTRUCTION OF A STEEL WIRE ROPE
SIX STRANDS
41 Wires in each strand
Warrington-Seal
Independent wire rope core
1
2
3
4
5
6
IWRC
Warington layer
Seal layer
16
16
8
1
41MID 4 October 2010
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LAY DIRECTION
ORDINARY OR REGULAR LAY
LANG S LAY
Lay direction of strands
Lay direction of rope
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LAY DIRECTION
LEFT HAND ORDINARY (OR REGULAR) LAY
RIGHT HAND ORDINARY (OR REGULAR) LAY
OF THE ROPE
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LAY DIRECTIONORDINARY LAY
LANG S LAY
sZ RHOLzS - LHOL(Strand / Rope)
zZ RHLLsS - RHLL(Strand / Rope)
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ROPE LAY DIRECTION
RULE OF THE THUMBPOINT YOUR THUMB IN THE DIRECTION OF FIXED ROPE PART ON THE DRUM
POINT YOUR FINGERS IN THE UNREEVING DIRECTION
THE HAND WHICH MATCH IS THE LAY DIRECTION OF THE ROPE
ON DRUMS
Right hand lay ropeLeft hand lay rope
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TYPE OF LAY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
ORDINARY LAYLifting guided loadsLifting unguided loads on several fallsLifting loads with right and left handed ropes in pairs
Ordinary constructions have:
High internal tensions during bendingLow sheave surface contactPoor wear resistance
LANG S LAYLifting constant tensioned guided loads (boom wires)
Lang s lay constructions have:
Low internal tension during bendingHigh sheave surface contactGood wear resistancePoor resistance for deterioration of the rope
TYPICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
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TYPE OF LAY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
ORDINARY LAYFor almost all applicationsGood resistance for deterioration of the rope
Ordinary constructions have:
High internal tension during bendingLow sheave surface contactPoor wear resistance
ROTATING RESISTANCE CONSTRUCTIONS
LANG S LAYFor constant tensioned applications (boom wire)Poor resistance for deterioration of the rope
Lang s lay constructions have:
Low internal tension during bendingHigh sheave surface contactGood wear resistance
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TYPES OF STEEL WIRE ROPE IN USE
DIE-FORMED
Conventional produced rope compressed by rollers
DIE-SHAPED
Strands produced from shaped wires
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ROTATING RESISTANCEIn a conventional rope, an external load creates a moment which tries to untwist the rope and to rotate the load.
A rotation-resistant Wire Rope has a steel core which is an independent rope, closed in the opposite direction to the outer strands.
Single fall operation:
The use of non- rotating ropes is mandatory for the lifting of unguided loads with a single fall of rope.
Multiple fall operation:
Traditional ropes achieve a higher service life than rotation-resistant ropes when operating under identical conditions in multiple falls.
Providing there are no other special conditions that require the use of rotation- resistant ropes, traditional ropes should be used in multiple fall conditions.
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ROTATING RESISTANCE
Outer strands - LHIWRC - RH
Outer strands
Outer strands
Wire Strand Core
IWRC
12 (1+6)
6 (1+6)1 (1+6)
12 (1+6)6 (1+6)1 (1+6)
16 (1+6)
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Requirements for ropes used in LR classed cranes
For ropes intend to be used in lifting appliances two important documents are involved
1. Code for Lifting Appliances in a Marine Environment
2. Rules for the manufacture, testing and certification of materials
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Requirements for ropes used in LR classed cranes
3. Marine Survey Procedure Manual
Surveyors have to deal with another
important document
Which can be found on surveyors laptop and/or on
the hub
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Requirements for ropes used in LR classed cranesCODE LAME Ch.6 - Section 6 6.3 Construction and application
6.3.4 Wire ropes for running rigging are to be constructed
of not less than six strands over a main core.
Each strand is, generally, to consist of not less than 19 wires
and may have a fiber or a wire core.
Where the strand has a fiber core, the wires are to be laid round it in not less than two layers.
6.3.5 Wire ropes for standing rigging, guy pendants and
similar applications are generally to be constructed of six
strands over a wire core.
6.3.6 Lang's lay rope will not normally be accepted for
any part of a ship's cargo handling gear.
6.3.8 Consideration will be given to the use of other constructions and nominal strengths and to the requirements for particular applications
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REQUIREMENTS FOR ROPES USED IN LR CLASSED CRANES
Equipment for Mooring and AnchoringChapter 10
Section 6Steel wire ropes6.1 Scope6.1.1 Provision is made in this Section for the requirementsfor the manufacture, testing and certification of steel wire ropesintended to be used for general marine purposes, as well aspermanent anchoring, mooring and marine lifting applications.
6.2 General requirements6.2.1 For general marine purposes, such as stream wires,towlines and ship mooring lines, the construction is to be inaccordance with Table 10.6.1. The construction, diameterand strength of steel wire ropes for permanent offshoreapplications, such as mooring, anchoring and lifting, arecovered by other LR Rules.Alternative applications of wire ropes may be accepted, subject tospecial consideration.
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Requirements for ropes used in LR classed cranes
4.3 Deck cranesd) The crane is to be reeved with certified hoist and luffing ropes from an approved manufacturer. The surveyor is to ensure that ropes of the correct diameter, construction and minimum breaking load, as stated on the approved plans, are fitted
e) Running wire ropes will normally be of a 6-strand or multi-strand non-rotating construction with either independent wire rope or fibre cores. They should be galvanised
MSPM
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REQUIREMENTS FOR ROPES USED IN LR CLASSED CRANES
Question:Question:
Are these constructions allowed?Are these constructions allowed?
YESYESYES
WHY?WHY?
Rules for materials:6.2.1 Alternative applications of wire ropes may be accepted, subject to special consideration .
MSPM:4.3 Deck cranesAs stated on the approved plans
Code LAME6.3.8 Consideration will be given to the use of other constructions and nominal strengths and to the requirements for particular applications
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Lloyd s Register: Business unit: MARINE
Requirements for ropes used in LR classed cranes
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Lloyd s Register: Business unit: MARINE
Requirements for ropes used in LR classed cranes
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DISCARD OF ROPES ISO 4309:2004 (E)
3.5Discard criteria
3.5.1 General
a) The nature and number of broken wiresb) Broken wires at the terminationb) Localized grouping of wire breaksc) The rate of increase of wire breaksd) The fracture of strandse) Reduction of rope diameter, including that resulting from core deteriorationf) Decreased elasticityg) External and internal wearh) External and internal corrosioni) Deformationj) Damage due to heat or electric arcingk) Rate of increase of permanent elongation
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DISCARD OF ROPES ISO 4309:2004 (E)P
aral
lel-c
lose
d ro
pes
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DISCARD OF ROPES ISO 4309:2004 (E)
Rot
atin
g re
sist
ant r
opes
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QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
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INSPECTION OF ROPES
Is a serious business
THINK SAFETY
STOP Where you are in a position of safetyTHINK About where you are and what you are about to doOBSERVE What is going on around youPLAN Your safe way in to your task site
LIFE MATTERS
Don t take things for grantedDon t take a risk
REMEMBER there is no redundancy in a crane!!
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For more information, please contact:
Cor Dekker
Lloyd s Register EMEA
Weena zuid 170
3012 NC Rotterdam
T +31 (0)10 4145 088F +31 (0)10 2140 190E cor.dekker@lr.org
LIFTING APPLIANCES
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