mil-std-3009 полный .doc
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METRIC
MIL-STD-30092 February 2001
SUPERSEDINGMIL-L-85762A
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DISTRI"#TI$N STATEMENT A. Approved for p%&l'c release( d'str'&%t'on 's %nl'm'ted.
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MIL-STD-3009
''%/%"!%
). *+,-,+ MI010123456A 789 ;?,- ? )@22 = ? +B-= )) 9+ +=?8 erry 'll'am Uames erryV++ -?8H >+=?H erryZ ,--8H > >-+O== =+F8 ?Q-=Z ,- =F?=P ? MI010123456( +;[ - ,F,+=?,+ +9[> =-+GH = +7?,-= > ,7B=FP,,>+=+=>,F.
6. \;9,K,+Z B+ 97H >-+,>+ -, ?+=+9[- 7=P ^7?,-=P ]^^ =9= ,-,9K=B-8HZ >+8H;9+ V>;9+=+=>= ?+=+9[-K 7F ]^^ 9-, 78+[ 89>, -, ,--8H +,-,+Z >,> -, +7?,-= > ?F+=F+= *JL. _+ >,,+ 9K, ;,Y9,F *J L = 9 +, + 9[ -8F,;;,,+F. ^7?,-= =+F-H ;O=G=>,O== > =+F ?Q-=9+,+9[-K ,;;,,+, 7,> USS 1 6X)X 1 3.
W. ],--8H >=+=H?F+=F+= 9 `9,? *JL A = "Z > , > = MI010123456. `F +KZ , F , + = ? , + ? ; ` 9 , * J L C 79[ =Y?+->,> leaby reen. `9, *JL C ?F+=FZ >,> ;,?=9Z ?Q-=F >,7=-8V>=;,,Z >,> = >9, ". \V+F< 9 >9,, C =P ; - ?8,7+,-8
78 +7?,-= > ?F+=F+=. ],--8H +,-,+ +,> ??=+;9-= = >=+=H ?F+=F+= 9 -,
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MIL-STD-3009
(#'%%"!% '(/+"(% #/"( #('%#$!(#$4 #!#$%(. "("(( '!/%"! #"';
],--8H > =;9[Y?,-= =-=++?F LL* = F+=;9[Y?,+[ ?F= =-=++?,F= = K-++?,F= =-=++?, i7-8.
1< (=>?@B CHH
1?@B CHH<
],--8H +,-,+ P,,>+=+=>,F =Y9 ?Q-= =Y USS 1 6X)X 1 3 = ?>9B,+ V+=+7?,-= ? >-+,>+.
+H;=F-+ F=-+=?? ;+ W.).W ( +P-=B>=
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`9, C i?Q-= ?F+=F *JLZ =FQH ureen leabuZ >,> ;>,Y,- -, g*J`k ). L ,--F =Y,-== >9,F ";,?9=? = 9 >9,, *JL C.
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The doc%ments l'sted 'n th's sect'on are spec'f'ed 'n sect'ons and 3 of th's doc%ment.Th's sect'on does not 'ncl%de doc%ments c'ted 'n other sect'ons of th's doc%ment or recommended for add't'onal 'nformat'on or as eamples. h'le every effort has &eenmade to ens%re the completeness of th's l'stZ doc%ment %sers are ca%t'oned that theym%st meet all spec'f'ed re%'rements doc%ments c'ted 'n sect'ons and 3 of th'sdoc%mentZ whether or not they are l'sted.
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The follow'n spec'f'cat'onsZ standardsZ and hand&oobs form a part of th's doc%ment tothe etent spec'f'ed here'n. #nless otherw'se spec'f'edZ the 'ss%es of these doc%mentsare those l'sted 'n the 'ss%e of the Department of Defense Inde of Spec'f'cat'ons andStandards DoDISS and s%pplement theretoZ c'ted 'n the sol'c'tat'on see 5.6 .
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USS doc%ments can &e o&ta'ned from ASC/EN$IZ "ld 35XZ 63WX 0oop Road estZr'ht1atterson A" $q 3WW14)X)
MI01qD"x1246)W Electron'cally/$pt'cally enerated A'r&orne D'splays#nless otherw'se 'nd'catedZ cop'es of the a&ove spec'f'cat'onsZ standardsZ andhand&oobs are ava'la&le from the Standard'zat'on Doc%ments $rder DesbZ 4XXRo&&'ns Aven%eZ "%'ld'n DZ h'ladelph'aZ A )@)))13X@. Cop'es of thosedoc%ments 'nd'cated w'th a d'str'&%t'on l'm'tat'on may &e o&ta'ned from ASC/EN$IZ63WX 0oop Rd estZ "ld. 35XZ r'ht1atterson A"Z $q 3WW14)X). Telephone@W4 633156@5( DSN 423156@5.
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MIL-STD-3009
cZer GWXerYeZ ^ubV_\aZ_W]<
The follow'n other overnment p%&l'cat'ons form a part of th's standard to the etentspec'f'ed here'n. #nless otherw'se spec'f'edZ the 'ss%es are those c'ted 'n thesol'c'tat'on see 5.6 .
TIT0E ) C$DE $ EDERA0 RE#0ATI$NS
AR art 6W 1 A'rworth'ness Standards: NormalZ #t'l'tyZ Acro&at'cZ andComm%ter Cateory A'rplanes
AR art 63 1 A'rworth'ness Standards: Transport Cateory A'rplanes
Cop'es of ederal Av'at'on Adm'n'strat'on Re%lat'ons may &e v'ewed athttp:// www .f aa. o v /a v r /A S/ A R S /Z or may &e o&ta'ned from the ederal Av'at'on
Adm'n'strat'onZ 2XX Independence Ave.Z SZ ash'ntonZ DC 6X3@).
cr[er W` ^re\e[e\e<In the event of a confl'ct &etween the tet of th's doc%ment and the references c'tedhere'nZ the tet of th's doc%ment tabes precedence. Noth'n 'n th's doc%mentZ howeverZs%persedes appl'ca&le laws and re%lat'ons %nless a spec'f'c eempt'on has &eeno&ta'ned.
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3< (&%/%d%"!
3+H O9[ 7=+[ +=+=>,F=Z ,Y,--8F= ? g*J`k ) . `9, *JL A -?F+=F >,-H ?+?H =K-,9=Y,O=H >,7=-8Z +,> >,> ;>+ >,-K?+, = B
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e. i?Q-= 7QK -,Y-,B-=
f. iK,-? -;>
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h. -,= = ?+=9[-=>=
'. *?+?8 =K-,98 ?87>= ;,,+=+?
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3?Z ^F 6WZ +,-=O, W3@Z i>+7[ )@WW. L
>=-,+8 O?+-+= Z y, z ? ,--F > V+H =+F.,?->-+,+-8H O?+?H K,G=> ` )@45 ;+,?9+ 7H K,G=> O?+-+= ` )@W) ; B B - -8 F= F = = y K9,- 9=-H-F<;7,Y?,-=Z >,> ,Y,- )3 \,O== `Z \=9-= 6Z )@42.
3KH #"'<
gY99=B+? =;,FH =+B-=>F ?+, V-K==Z ?==FH79,K, *JL. gY9=?HZ;9
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? +,9[- ?-- ?Q-=. J=- ;9,> -?==F, 9 7
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MIL-STD-3009
g< $&%)(',"!
g =Y9+=+=>=;>+,9[-H B
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MIL-STD-3009
g9B-=.
gH ?+=F+= ;+, .W.3 ^|g III .
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MIL-STD-3009
gH H? ?=K @<
iK,-=B-= ; ++->,F ?Q-= = V-K+=B>H ?+=F+= V9F-+? ;;,,+[ ? ;9 Y-= ;=9+,Z V>=;=?,--K *JLZ 7Y?-= =F Y>=P ?=-=H K9?H. iK,-=B-= ; O?+-+= ,Y,-8 ?^|gk I I. ^7?,-= > ?+=F+= *JL ,Y,-8 ? ^|gk III.
g,+ = K,G=>?Z ,+,> > ?+=9[-=>,F ;?9+ +7?,-= ; O?+-+= = ?+=F+= *JLZ,Y,--8 ? ^|gk I I = ^|gk III.
g
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MIL-STD-3009
g N{IS REEN AZ N{IS REEN "ZN{IS ŒE00$Z N{IS REDZ = uN{IS qITE.u *+?++?= ,--8F O?+,F =K,-=B-=F ; O?+-+= ;9+ 9
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MIL-STD-3009
NV IS G R EE N A
u’ = .088
v’ = .543
r = .037
NVIS GREEN B
u’ = .131
v’ = .623
r = .057
NV IS Y ELL OW
u’ = .274
v’ = .622
r = .083
NV IS R E D
u’ = .450
v’ = .550
r = .060
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u’ = .190
v’ = .49
r = .04
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MIL-STD-3009
gF;--+8 ?Q-= ;=Y?+ >=-,+8 O?+-+= % = v ? ; 9, P 79, + = Z BB--H >,> ;>,Y,- -, g*J`k 6Z = +8H =YF+ ;= ;FQ= V+,9-,+,,+9[-H ;7-+= F+= \gijkJgk A
g,+Z = ?+, G-,H F+ 78+[ 798F =9= Y9-8F. \= ;>9B-==;=+,-= >F;--+8 ?Q-= ;=Y?+ >=-,+8 O?+-+= % = v ?; 9, P 79, + = Z BB--H >,> ;>,Y,- -, g*J`k 6Z =+8H =YF+ ;= ;FQ=V+,9-, +,,+9[-H ;7-+= F+= \gijkJgk A
g
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MIL-STD-3009
$,)d!, III< $=i?H #"' K@ HOQ JH;<
^g\ ) ^g\ II
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$,)d!, III
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MIL-STD-3009
g F ; - - + , F + - + Z - -K,-=B=?,+ =F=Z =;9= = ;=78Z =;9= = >-9=Z , +,> >,+8>-+9[-8P ;?> = ;
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MIL-STD-3009
g,+,Y,-, ? ^|gk II I. \= ;>9B-== ;=+,-= ?Q-= +>? ?8,++8H =YF+ ;= ;FQ=V+,9-, +,,+9[-H ;7-+= F+= \gijkJgk A
g=F
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*?+=F+[ 9F-8P =-=>,+? 9 *JL ,Y,-, ? ^|gk III -,;9--F
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MIL-STD-3009
gVGG=O=-+?Q--+= F< ?Q,F8F= >F;--+,F= ? -F +,?99 + 6 ).
g9 = =99F=-,+? 9-8 78+[F=-=F=Y=?,-8. i+,-=Z 9. =F "$Tq $N mode. g` =F -?==F ? -=-H ;99. =F ;=9+ F+ ;>9B,+[ +[ >-G=K+8 K-G=K= = +-G=K
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MIL-STD-3009
giHQ<
L;FK,+9[-8H g` K->Z =9= K-> =9[-H g` +,?9QHZ ?Q,+>-O Y,;,?B-K 9,-K,Z B + 7 8 ; =9 + < Y, ; ,? 9 F K < - , 7 89 ; Q K - , H + = Z > K , ? ;B= K-= ,F9+,1Y,;,?Q=>, ?8>9B-8.
g
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MIL-STD-3009
5 '?O
5
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5= 9-8 ;?=+[ ;9 +KZ >,> ;?-8 =;8+,-= -,?--= ?YH+?= ? +?++?== +7?,-=F=Z ,Y,--8F= ?;O=G=>,O== -, 7+=Z O?+-+= = V-K+=B>H >+= 9-8 ;?=+[ ?+F-H >F-,+Z ? >+H ?-- ;>+,9[-, =Y9+,9[-F =,;,Y- + W2X @WX -F - ;,+ =YF-= ?9+,?-H
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*=+F, N{ISZ =;9[YZ 9-, ;+,?9+[ 7H =+F
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MIL-STD-3009
5?,=,K,FF, LL* *~ #SA Tr'1&ar ChartZ 7;B=?,Q=H ,Y-= -H>-+,+-+= F-+,+-+= Cm ;=79=Y=+9[- 4X•.
]=,K,FF, 9-, F ,+-==Z B+787>+ =9?,-=Z ;FQ--8H ? 9.,. ? +?++?=
;F,9[- = K=Y-+,9[-=-+=?,--8 +>= ;F+8 ;9+ ++< Y-=; +,79=O *-99-, 6X/6XZ 6X/63Z 6X/WXZ 6X/W3Z 6X/XZ 6X/3Z 6X/3XZ 6X/33Z 6X/5XZ6X/53Z = 6X/4XZ ;= -,79-== ,+-= 6X G+, =9?,-= =;= ,Y,--F ?Q-==.
5
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]9 ;9-= +?++?= -,+QF< >F;--+,.J,9=B= =--K ?Q+?,Z +Q=-Z O,,;=-Z ;?Z +9-=ZGF,O=H =9= ,--K ?+, 9- ,F,+=?,+[ >,> -?,-= 9+7,>?>=.
5F;--+, 9-8 78+[ +,>=F= Z >,>
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MIL-STD-3009
5+[ =9= ?Q--+[ 9-8 ,B=+8?,+[ ; 9
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MIL-STD-3009
5+[ 9-, =YF+[ ;= =;9[Y?,-==;>+,=F+, =9= G+F+, ? +?++?== +7?,-=F=Z ,Y,--8F= ?\=9-== A. \= +=-== ,Y,--H >+= ;>+,9[-8H ?8P-H =K-,9?+?K >F;--+, 9- =YF+[ ;>+,=F+FZ >+8H +?B,++7?,-=F \=9-= A.gYF-= >,K ;>+, 9- , ?+,Z G=9[+, = >;9-=.*;>+,=F+ 9- 78+[ ;FQ- -, +,>F ;?--F ,+-== +;=7,Z B+78 ? ;98 =;8+8?,FK ;9 ;>+,=F+, 789=
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MIL-STD-3009
Nλ Ž Iλ/Rλ F
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MIL-STD-3009
Ž )@W) C.I.E. +-=+9[-, ;>+,9[-, B
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sr nm
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rλ Ž>VGG=O=-+ +,-= +,,+9[-K 7,YO,
ˆF,+=B-+[ O?+-+[ ;?FK ?+, ,B=+8?,+ ;==;9[Y?,-== >>+=?,--K ;>+,9[-K =Y9+F V++ =+B-=> ?+, 7 9 ?+=B-K ?Q-=.
5, 9-,
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5+= =Y9F;--+ 9- ;,?,+[ +,>=F 7,YFZ B+78 +=K,9,[ >+[Z
;9+,=F+, ? +?++?== +7?,-=F=Z ,Y,--8F= ? \=9-== .
\= +?++?+= ;>+,=F+Z >+8H +?B,+ +7?,-=F\=9-= Z 9- 78+[ +,9[-H >+=. ;+9B-= ->9[>=P O=GZ 7?--8P 7Y-,B-=H = Y-,>? ?++? ;9 ;>+,=F+,. _-K+=B>, >+[ N{IS 9-,
,B=+8?,+[ ; +?++?
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MIL-STD-3009
S Ž0r
0m
FVGG=O=-+
0r Ž +7+=Z >+8=;9[Y, >+[ =;9 =9= ;=F-F, ?++P-=>, -F,+,7=+[ = V-K+=B>, >+[ =;9 =9= ;=F-F, ?++P-=>, -F,+,7=, >+[ rad'ance 9-,=YF+[ ;= >+= l%m'nanceZ ,Y,--H ? +,79=O III.
FH >+= N{IS;= >+=Z +=
N{IS ;= >+=Z
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MIL-STD-3009
@WX*;>+,9[-, V-K+=B>, >+[ spectral rad'ance N{IS NR" ;=;9--H >+= l%m'nance Ž S "λNλdλ
F
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$?=>O? I:< (H@>BH? @C?>BH? Ki@i>BH@B N:ISGAλ;; >?@@? ,
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*+,-,+ MI01STD1WXX@ ;9,O== MI010123456A.J,+Q ;=9-= ;F+ ;9[Y?,+9F V+K >,> 789= GF=?,-8 +7?,-= = B+ -= Y-,B,+. ASC/ENC @51X6 789?F--8F >K +B+, +,?9--K erd'nand Reetz IIIi+9-= ^,>+=B>=P LL* -+, ,Y,7+>= ,?=,O=--8P =+F L*Zarm'nsterZ A )2@413XXX. \-=F, F=++F Uo'nt Aerona%t'cal Commanders Tr'1Serv'ce Comm'ttee ?F+- 9 ?F+=F+= =+F8 +B- +,>=F 7,YFZ >,> -=789= ;9-8 ? MI0101 23456Z - 79[=-+? >-+O== 789= -+8. J,+Q=H +,-,+ 789 ,Y,7+,- 9 +?++?==>+=? erryZ >+, K,-=B=?,+ \,?=+9[+?--8 ,K-++?, ? 89>,P -,;7-8 +7?,-= > >-+O==.
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L ?F ,Y,7+>= MI010123456 789 ;?- F-K 9,7,+-8P = 9+-8P=;8+,-=H 9 ;9-= ?F+=F+= =+F8 ?Q-= =+FH N{IS.^,> 789= ,Y,7+,-8 ,9[- =;8+,+9[- 79[>< ?F+=F+[ =+FH N{IS?9+ +9[>< ;B+= >,8H ,F9+Z+F 79 ?--8HZ 9- 7+8H =F+ 3X• +B>< ;,B= -, ;=79=Y=+9[- 553 nanometersnm ? ;+=?;9-+[ > 563 nm 3X• +B>Z 78B- =;9[Y ?F+=F+= N{IS +,>=F 7,YFZ>,> -= 789= ;9-8 ? MI010123456Z - F-K= >-+O== ? B,+= ?--8P ;=F--=H = +,-,+? 789= +=? erryZ >+,Y,;Q,+ ;,?=+9[+?--8F K,-=Y,O=F 89,+[ -, >-+,>+,P. i- =+ +,> -?8+7?,-=Z ;9Q= ’;;,Q=H Y9-8H“ G=9[+ = ,Y9=B-8 +=;8?F+=FK -, @@Q N:IS
*=+F, N{IS ;+,?9+ 7H ;,=?-8Z F-+==F= +,F=ZBY?8B,H- B
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GG-H =+F. \>9[>< =+F, N{IS
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
O T I L I G I N G
S T E R A L D I S R I B U I O N
N V I S
S T E R A L
S E N S I IV I Y
I N I I E
R O S S O V E R
5 5 5 6 0 0
]9=-, ?9-8 , N A N O E E R S
9 0 0
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&@< -2< HOC?>BH? @l? ?@C>H @C?>BH J>KH@ijH @i@ @ N:IS
ˆ,,>+=+=>= >+= = ;>+, 78B-K ?Q-= ,F9+, Y,+,?9+,>+=?=?,+[ ,?+F,+=B>9B,9= ? 7 ;>+- ?Q-=Z ?-- ?Q-= 9=O?H;,-9= = ?+-- ?Q-= ;+?F =;9[Y?,-= +G =9 [+ ? ,- -8 P 9 ,F ; - , > , 9= ?, -= = +G =9 [+ ? ,- -8 PV9 > + 9 F = - O - + - 8 P E0 9 , F ; . ]9 ?+?8P ;,-9H +8 ;=Y?=+9= ,Y,7+,9= =-=>,+8 =
=;9=Z ?F+=F8 =+FH N{IS = B=+,F8 ;= -?-F ?Q-==.*?F+=F8 =+FH N{IS >F;--+8 ?Q-= +,7=-8 ?F+=F8F =+FH N{IS“Z = ;=Y?=+9[ +,?,9 =- -,=- ?=F= +8;=Y?=+9= 789= 79 +8 Y,?9+ >,> ?F+=F8 =+FH N{ISZ - +?B,+ +7?,-=F MI010123456 =9= V+K +,-,+,.
\>9[>< +7?,9 +,-,+-8 ;7 ;9-= = =YF-=?F+=F+= =+FH N{ISZ ? ,;9 )@2W K, 789= ?89-8 +?, 9-,B,9, ,7+8 ; +,-,+< ?Q-=. _+, ,7+, ;=?9, > ,Y,7+> MI010123456 = MI010123456A. _+= ;O=G=>,O== ;9+ +7?,-= = F+=><;?>= = =;8+,-=H >F;--+? ?Q-=Z ?F+=F8P =+FH N{IS.
# g ()#f/%"!%
MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
# g
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?Q-= >,7=-8. J, =. W ;+,?9-8 V+= ?Y,=FH+?=. \=,Y,7+> =+F8 ?Q-=Z ?F+=FH N{ISZ -7P=F +,7=--K ?Q-=.
OUSIDE SENE
NIGRADIANE
OTI
LIGING
DISTLAY
STERAL
RADIANE
NVG
OBXEIVE
LENS
INUS
BLUE
ILER
STERAL
RANS
ISSION
NVIS TOO
AODE
STERAL
SENSIIVIY
NVIS
TOSTOR
SREEN
STERAL
LUINANE
NVG
OBINER
RANSISSION
AND
RELEANE
TOOTI
EYE
LUINOUS
EIIENY
&@ -3< !Hk@Q N:IS
J, ,--F V+,; ,Y,7+>= MI010123456 789 ;=-+ -= -,;=,+[;O=G=>,O=Z >+K, +7 ?++P-=B>=F +?,FZ ?F+=F8F =+FH N{ISZ BF 89,+[ -,+9[-8 ,Y98 7QH ;O=G=>,O== ; =+F,F ?Q-= ,F9+,. ˆ+MI010123456 +,9 ;B+= ,F++9[-H ;O=G=>,O=H ;?++P-=B>=F +?,FZ ;;8+>, ,Y,7+,+[ = -,;=,+[ ;O=G=>,O=; ?++P-=B>F< 7,O==Z >+, ;Y?9=+ ;9+[?F+=F+[ =+FH N{ISZ - - =+ ? +> 9+?=Z F-K= =Y +7?,-=HZ ,Q= ? MI010123456789= =-+=B-8 +7?,-=F 79 +,8P ;O=G=>,O=HZ +,>=P >,> MI0101)2645 =;9[Y+ ,7+H=+F8 N{IS =9= ;=-+H ;,>+=>H.
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\>9[>< MI010 23456 789, -,;=,-, >,> ;O=G=>,O= 9 +P ? ?H>Z7 MI0101)2645 = MI010153XW =;9[Y?,9=[ >,> 7,Y?8 >Z ?->+8P 9,O== ?+-G9=>+ +8 ,9=[ ?F+-8F >F,-?,-=F +P ? ?H> Uo'nt
Aerona%t'cal Commanders ro%p UAC. ƒ9-8 V+H K,-=Y,O== 7=9= ?+7?,-=Z ,Q= ? MI010123456.
ASC/ENC @51X) 789 -,;=,- ? )@@5 9 +?++?= ,Y,-=F=>+=?8 erryZ >+, +> K,-=B=?,+ ;O=G=>,O= >-++=?-8P+7?,-=H ? \,?=+9[+?--8P >-+,>+,P. _++ +,-,+ 789 ;?,- 9Y,F-8 +,-,+, ENC1@51X). ]= =YF--= ;=?9= > K,-=B-= 89> -, ;,?=+9[+?--8 >-+,>+,P. |9[=-+?<;K,FF Y,;Q- 89,+[ -, MI010123456A >,> -, >-+,>+- +7?,-=;>9[>< - - +?++?+=?,F=. |89 - ,Y,7+,+[>+8H 7 ?Y,=FH+?= F< =+FHN{IS = ?++P-=B>=F= +?,F= ,F9+,. J,+Q=H +,-,+ 789-,;=,-Z B+78 = 7=+7?,-=H ;=Y?=+9= ?++P-=B>K 7,> = ,Y98 ?MI01STD1WXX@. i-= - ;?++ +7?,-=Z B=+,+9 -7P=F ,FF<7,+=+[ > -?-H B,+= +,-,+, Y, ;9-=F +7?,-=H. ],--;=9-= - ?9+ ;;8+>H 7-=+[ 7-?,-= +7?,-=HZ,Q=P ? =P-8P ;O=G=>,O=P ; ?++P-=B>=F +?,F =?Q-=Z >+8 789= ;+?--=>,F= MI010123456A.
# g?@@?O
^7?,-= > ?++P-=B>=F +?,F ; MI01STD1WXX@ ,Y7=+8 -, ^=;8 =
`9,8Z B+78 ,+[ ;9[Y?,+9 ?YF-+[ ;9=+[ +=; = >9,?++P-=B>K 7< +7?,-= > ?++P-=B>F<79,,. \?, ,>O= MI010123456 +9[> 7,Q,9,[ > ^=;< IZ Class AZ N{IS( >
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
T y pe I : `F;--+8 ?++P-=B>=P +? ^=;, I Type I V+ +,>=>F;--+8Z >+8 ?F+=F8 =+FH D'rect {'ew ImaeN{IS ;FK ?=-= =Y7,-= . D'rect {'ew Imae N{IS;9+ >,> 97, =+F, N{ISZ =;9[Y+8H ;O= = P + ? ` 9 , ,
Class A V+ >F;--+8Z ?F+=F8 N{ISZ =;9[Y B
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’< “? Y9-H B,+= ;>+,.
\gkƒJgk: MI010123456" 7,+=9 > V+F< ?;<;9=? F=-=F,9[- +7?,-= NR 9 q#DsZ -K9K,G=B>= q#Ds - +?++?
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
\;=-=F,+ 9B,+ ? ;9-==;-+= ’?F+=F“. i-= B=+,+Z B+ ’?F+=F“ Y-,B,+Z B+ KF-
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
10080
50
20
80Z
50Z
AVERAGE 90Z
85Z
10
8
5ABSOLUE ABSOLUE INIU
2
1.0
AIU
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.5 0.5Z
0.25Z
.2450550/# 0.5Z A. ABS.
0.25Z AVG.
0.1
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.05
.02
AVERAGE 600/#
625655/#
655705/#
7051000/#
5Z A. ABS.
50Z SALL BE BEWEENESE WO WAVELENGS
50Z IN. ABS.
80Z AVG.
85Z IN. ABS.90Z AVG.
0.01
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
[F>: K@F> ,/#
&@ -g< $=i?H @C?>BH CC@?H > =|iHQl >HJVa]] A N:IS
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
10080
50
20
80Z
50Z
AVERAGE 90Z
85Z
108
5
2
1.0
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ABSOLUE
AIU
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450585/# 0.05Z A. ABS.
0.1
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400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
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&@ -5< $=i?H @C?>BH CC@?H > =|iHQl >HJVa]] h N:IS
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10080 85Z
MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
AVERAGE 90Z
85Z
50 50Z
20
108
5
2
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
# 5< $&%)(',"!
# 5BH@ N:IS=. *1) ;+,?9+ P,,>+=+=>= B
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\= Y,> >F;--+? ?++P-=B>K 7H;O=G=>,O==Z ?87 >F;--+? ?+=+9[-8P +? +,+ Y,;B=>F.
MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
# 5Hi @i
,F;8 ?Q-= ,9-? = +>? 9-8 78+[ V>,-=?,-8 =9= ,;9-8+,>=F 7,YFZ B+78 =P - 789 ?=- ?--H +-8 ,F9+,. J7P=F;9=+[ =Z >+8 9-8 78+[ ?Q-8 9,F;,F=.
# 5= ,?,=H-8P ?8P?Z >+8 ,>+=?=+=?==Z 9-8 78+[ ?F+=F8F= =+FH N{IS. 78 K-= =?+=9[-=>=Z >+8 ,>+=?== ??F ,?,=H-H =+=;,Z =;9[Y= ;,,+=+? 789= >=?,-8; GF. `K, ?+?8 =K-,98 ;F,+=?,+ BY =+F< N{ISZ + +,F+?HGF8Z + ;,+Z ,7+,Q=H =+FH N{IS - ;7- ,Y9=B=+[ F<=K-,9? ’?87>, “ = =K-,9F ’-+ ?87>=“. `=?>, ; GF ;Y?9=+
;,+,F F++[ -, ?+?8 =K-,98 ?87>= BY =+F< N{IS =;9+[Z >K, 7, ;,,+=+?“. *?+?8=K-,98 9-8 78+[ +,> >=?,-8 ; O?+< 9 ;?8-= ,Y9=B=F+=;= ?;=+== =-GF,O== -?= 9-8 78+[?F+=F8F= =+FH -B-K ?=-= N{IS. *=+F, N{IS F+=;9[Y?,+[Z >K, +P-=B> 79Z =;9[Y?,-= ?++P-=B>K 7-+9Z ?F+=FK =+FH N{ISZ 9,+ ,F9+
F- < ,Y-- =Y9
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# 59B- ? MI010123456 = ENC1@51X)Z - 789 =>9B- =Y-,+QK +,-,+,. 7B=+,F+[ ;= -?-F ?Q-== ?9++7?,-=F 9 97K 7-+,>+< l'ht Dynam'cs 0a&oratoryZ A'r orce r'ht
Aerona%t'cal 0a&orator'esZ-, 7,Y LL* r'ht1atterson. ^7?,-=Z ,Q=? V+=P ;,,K,G,PZ -?,-8 -, 79[F >9=B+? -,+F "%rnetteZ = ,O=P = -, ;8+ V>;9,O==Z Y,+,K=?,QH ?;8 ?++P-=B>K7,O==
-,;=F.Z MI0101)2645 ,9= +7?,-= > B=+8?,F+=;>9B,Q=P =-=>,+? = ,+ ,79+- 9K=B-8FZ B+78 +,>= +7?,-= 789= ? +,-,+ MI010123456. i-,>Z ? + ?F - 789 ?--8P ;O=G=>,O=HZ P?,+8?,Q=P+;+=B>=P =;9? ;= -?-F ?Q-==. ƒ9-8UAC Y-,9=Z B+ -= ,F++[ +7?,-= > B=+8?,F+=V9>+;+=B>=P =;9? ;= -?-F ?+ ? +,-,+ MI010123456 79[>< ;O=,9=+8 ; 7QF< K9,= ; ?;,>=F= 9-8 78+[ V+=+7?,-= = ;OZ 789 -Z B+ ?>9B=+[ ?; ?+,-,+ MI010123456 7, ;=,9= +,-,+ MI010123456 B-[ ;P +7?,-= 789?>9B- LL* ? >
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78B- =-=>,+ 7+8 -,P+ ? >,7=- ? F+,PZ >,9[-+,-= 9-B-K ?+,. ^7?,-= ?Y+8 -;+?-- =Y MI01S1W2XW@.
#CK@l @C>i C HiH @ijH
^7?,-= > >-+,+-+= = >+= V9>+--8P = V9>+;+=B>=P=;9? 7Y8?,+ -,9=B= >F7=-=?,--8P ,- =;9 = Y>,9[-K+,-= 9;9QK =+B-=>, ?+, >+[ 52XX cd/m
66XXX f0.
_9>+--19+--8F= =V9>+;+=B>=F= +7?,-=’F=-=F,9[-K +9=B= >+=“ m'n'm%m l%m'nance d'fferenceZ >+ ?-?-F +7+[ ;9-=+9[- > +?++?-+,+,7=-8 ,F9+, =9= + 9+-K >+F,;=9+, =9= + 9F,.
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&?@CJH?i?@B K?@B C@iKi?QliJ?>BHQl @H?>i C HiH @i<
L Y,?==F+= + ,;9-= =K-,9, ? >,7=- +[ ?, ?YF-8P+7?,-= 9 ;?B=?,F8P ?=Y,9[-+,,FF 9-B-F ?+ >K, -,P=+ ; ;F8F 9-B-8F ?+FZ - = ,;9- +,>=F 7,YFZ B+
;,+ ?==+ Y>,9[- +,-= >K 7>+,Z +,>K >,> 79 79,> ?9-B-F ?+Z 79+Q=H 7>+ ? >,7=- =9= ,F 9-O. ^7?,-=Z,Q= ? MI010123456A = AS{/ENC @51X)Z -?,-8 -, +7?,-=P+,-,+, MI01S166223Z >+8 +,=O=-- ;=F-+ > ;>9B,+9F ==-=>,+,FZ ,9[-+,-= -7,. ^7-+,+-+[ >,Q,+ XZ XZ5 ?+?++?== +7?,-=F= MI01S166223 =Y1Y, ?YH +H >-+,+-+= -, ;+F,7=- +,FZ K -?YF- =9= F,9?+- ;FY>,9[- +--= 9-O,. ̂ 7?,-= ?Y+8 -,;FHHQl p>HH-CK@l @C>i<
^7?,-= > >-+,+-+= = >+= V9>+--8P = V9>+--1;+=B>=P=;9? +7 ,--8H ?+ ?8,B, )X2ZXXX 9>? )XZXXX fc -, =;9H-F =G+Z +,> = Y>,9[- +,-= =+B-=>, 79=>? >+[ 52XX >/F
66XXX G>=+,99=B>= =;9= B=+,+V9>+--8F= = V9>+--1;+=B>=F= =;9F=. * ’F=-=F,9[-F< >+-F< ,Y9=B=“Z ? +?++?== >+8F78B- +7=F,9[-+[ ;= +=-==+?++?-+,+-+=.
`F7=-=?,--, , ,--8F = Y>,9[-8F +,-=F ;-,Y-,B-,9 +B-H =F=+,O== ,7=- =+7=+9 ; ;F8F9-B-8F ?+F. _+ 79 9- =;8+,-= ; ,?--= Y>,9[-8F =9=,--8F +,-=F ; +9[-+= >+8 7F;9>- =;8+,-= -7P=F 9 79 +B-H =F=+,O== ,9[-8P;9=F 7,YFZ ? =Y7,-= -+,+B-8P=9= =Y78+B-8P K,-=B-=H ;= ;>+=?,-== K+Q=P V9>+--8P=;9?. ^7?,-= > ,--F< ?Q-= )X2ZXXX 9>? )XZXXX G,-9 ?;=Y?=+ 9-B-8H ?+ + )WXZXXX 9>? )6ZXXX )5XZXXX9>? )3ZXXX G,-9 ?Q--+[ 9-B-8F ?+F Y, ;9,F=
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,F9+, -, 79[H ?8+Z ;PQ=H BY Y,Q=+-8H V>,- >,7=-8,F9+, >VGG=O=-+ ;;,-= 78B- + 2X @X ;O-+? = ;,,Q=H-, =;9H ->9[> ?- =. g+B-=> 79=>? 52XX >,-9/F6 6XXX GVGG=O=-+ 9-B-K +,-= + ?-,7=-8 =9= + 9+-H GF8 =9= 9F, ;=9+,.
H?>BHQ =i?H H?@H@<
^7?,-= > >-+,+-+=Z ,--8 ? ^|gk II > +7?,-= ;?8--H >-+,+-+= 9 +=P?8P=F?9? ; +--= > B-F >-+,+-+= -?,-8 -, +7?,-=P > F-PF-8F< -= B,+=B- Y,Q=Q-8 >8H= Y,Q=+-8F V>,-F. \=F ?9+?YF-+[ O?+?H >-+,+-+= ? ;9--= > >+-H.
CH@?OHHQ Hm><
`F;-,O=--8 F-=+9= ? ^|gk II ;9+ ;;O=-,9[-
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
H?>BH @H ?J>K<
^7?,-= > F=-=F,9[-F< >+-F< ,Y9=B= ;-,Y-,B- 9;9-= ,,;+,O== K9,Y, = ;79FZ ?Y,--8P ?+8 FK- >K ?+, Y,;9,F= >,7=-8. ,;+,O= K9,Y, F+ K,-=B=?,+[ ,7B=
P,,>+=+=>= =;9Z >K, ;=9+ 9- 78+ ;?+= ?YK9 ?--K 9,-,G+, -,;=F 79,>, >+[ WXXX >/F6 )XXXX G=H ?+(+,>, =+,+Z >K, ;=9+ 9+=+ ? -,;,?9-== Y,P, =9= ?P,9-O, = ;8+,+ F++[ -, =;9H ? >,7=-.
g;9[Y+[ ;-=--, >+[;-=--, >+[
],-- ;9-= V>?=?,9-+- ;9-= "61")/&)Z ;=?--F< ?->9[>=P Z ? V+F >F7=-=?,--8P )XXXX G,-9 = =+B-=>, Y>,9[-K+,-= 52XX >/F6 6XXX G= = 79 ,9=+=B-8?--= )XXXXG,-9“Z =;9[Y,O=P -, 7,7=-8=+7=+9. i7,+=+ ?-=F,-=Z B+ ,-- ;9-= >-+,+-+= ,+Y-,B-= F-[= -, )ZXZ BF ;9-= ’>VGG=O=-+, >-+,+-+=“Z=;9[Y+8P ;O=G=>,O=P.
^,> +7-+,+-+= -;?B--K KF-+, -, K G-C%l. ‹-,B-= C%l ?,-Z >K, -7P=FZ B+78 -,;=[ 789, -?==F, ??8>9B--F +-==. L7QZ ;= Y-,B-=P C%l F- XZ) -;?B--8KF-+8 =9= ,Y,+9= - ?==F8. ‹-,B-= XZ63 ;=F9F -, =-=>,+,PZ>+8 78B- +=K,+ -,F-K 79 ?8>H >-+,+-+= ? ?>9B--F+-==. \?8-- Y-,B-= C%l 79 ;,+,PZ K -;?B--8 V9F-+8 ;+,?9+ 7H;+--8 -=YF--8 =Y7,-= -,;=FZ 2 =9= F,=? ,+?8P +B>Z>+8 - ;+,?9+ 9-+8P =-=>,+?+,>=P >,> _^ C%l ?K, -9[.
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#CS 789 ?87,- ?F+ F, `i )@W) CIEZ ;>9[>< ?-F ;+,?9- +-=+9[- ,?->-+,+- O?+? ;+,-+?Z = K,?-8 ,+-= -, K,G=> ;+,?9+ 7H ,?-8 O?+,Y9=B-=.
\?8 ;>+8 MI010123456 ,9= +7?,-= > O?+-+=Z >+8;99=[ >9+>H -, K,G=> `i. i-H =Y O9H 9 ;9-=O?+-+= 7QK ;?+, ,7BK F+, V>=;,, 9- 789 78+[7;B-= --K ?--K ?=, ?P =+B-=>? ?+, ? >,7=-Z-,>9[> V+ ?YF-. i-?-H ;=B=-H 9 V+K ?9+ ;+?,Q-=
--,F--K +?9B-= ?-=F,-= =Y1Y, ,Y9=B=H ? O?+-+=. i-,>Z?--= >, >9+>= -, K,G=>, `i - ;+,?9+ 7H ,?->-+,+-8O?+?8 ,Y9=B=Z ;>9[>< O?+? ,Y9=B= ; -H =,K-,9= +9=B,++ O?+?K ,Y9=B= ; 1,F, -, K,G=> `i. _99=;8=7> ,>1,F, ;+,?9+ 7H 79,+= ,?->-+,+-8P O?+?8P,Y9=B=H5. i-,>Z ;=,-= = ;-=F,-= V99=;, -, K,G=> `iY,+9[>< V99=;,F,>1,F, -, K,G=> `i( 79 +KZ > ;=,+[.
ƒ9?B>=H K9,Y -,=79 B
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?+-+[Z B+ ->+8 >F;--+8 7F;--+,F= ;?+,.`F +KZ 789= ,F+-8 ,Y9=B-8 ?=8 +P-9K=HZ +F;--+? ;?+,Z ?F+=F8P =+FH -B-K ?=-=Z +FZ B+78 +P-9K== - =>9B,9=[ +9[> ; ;=B=- O?+,. L ,9[-HF;O ;=-+= -= >,> B9-8 UAC - FK9=>9=B+?-- ;9=+[ ,7=-.
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
B=+8?, ?8>,Y,--Z ‹9-8H 9 =+F8 -B-K ?=-= 789-,Y-,B- -?-8F O?+F 9 ;?+, ,7BK F+, V>=;,,. i-,>Z;+,?=+9= ;=Y?=+9H +F+=9=Z B+ ?+=K-,9=Y,+8Z >+8789= 78 O?+, Y9-8H 9 =+F8 -B-K ?=-= = B=+,F8 ;= -?-F?+Z 7F;--+,P ;?+,Z >+8 FK, O?+, 79 =>K =,;,Y-,Z >+8H 9,9 78?YF-8F O?+? Y-=Z ;>9[>< -= ‹9-8H Z -= L 9 =+F8 -B-K?=-= - ,+ +,+B- >,-K =9= =-K 9 O?+?K Y-=. \P >
F- -,8Q--H 79,+= 79K O?+, 9 =+F8 -B-K ?=-= ;Y?9+?=+[ 7>+8Z +,>= >,> K9,-8 K= -, >,+Z ? =P -,+QFO?+ ?F+ +F- KZ >,> ;=P=9 ;= Y9-F ?Q-== 9 =+F8-B-K ?=-=. ?+ 789 ;9- ? 79,+= ; -,;,?9-= > Y9-F< +=+=--K 79K = B-[ 79[=F= ;9--=F= 9 ,Y,7+,+[ =+B-=> ?+, 79[=F =,;,Y-FZ?F+=F8H =+FH -B-K ?=-=.
\? ;9-= |9K 9 =+F8 -B-K ?=-= 789Y,>= F>H ,?=,O== + )3 F,+,)@22. L ;=[FZ >+ -?8?,9[ -, =;8+,-=P G=9[+? =F;+8 =;9[Y?,9=[ V>=;,F 9 B+-= >,+Z >F-?,9=[ >=-,+8%ŽXZ)2XZ vŽXZ3XXZ rŽXZX33. ],--8H >9B,+ O?+,Z>+8 - ?9+ =+=-- ’798F=“Z ? H+?=+9[-+= ?>9B, O?+,Z;9F8 >,> ’Y9-8H“ = ’9+8H“ -, K,G=> #CS. LYF-Z 79;,?=9[-8F -,Y?,-=F 789 78 ’79 798HZ BF Y9-8H“. gY1Y, 79[K>9=B+?, O?+?Z ;,F8P V+=F ;9-=FZ ? ;>+,P =;9[Y?,9=[;F-+?, V+H 79,+=. J,;=FZ ;= F-=Y,O== 1)5 J,O=-,9[-HK?,== LL* =;9[Y,> ;?+ 9,F;8. \+,?Q=>= +,>,Y,7+,9= G=9[+Z >+8H ;;,,+ ? ;98 -=-H 9?H B+?+=Z B+9- 7;B=+[ 79 P
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F+ -,9=+[ -?8;9-=F8 K,-=B-= -, ;>+=?,-= 9[>< G=9[+,O= >,-K = =-G,>,-, B,+[ ;>+, 97;B-= ?F+=F+= ; Z +,> B+ K, -=;?B-8Z 9 7;B-= >+= XZWW >/F6 XZ) G+F ?8;9-+ O?+?8 +7?,-=Z +,> B+78,Y9=B-8 ;=Y?=+9= ,?-=?,9= O?+?8 =YF-= -, =-H -?.
J>+8 >F;--+8 ;?+, ? B,+-+=Z >F;--+8 -,>,9=?,-= =YF-+O?+ ;= =YF--== >+=. ?-[ >+= XZWW >/F6 XZ) G,Y,9=Z B+ ;= --== B>?-B-K ?=-= ;=9+8 78B- =;9[Y/F6 XZ) G
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
iH@B @ijH =j H?JH?KH @ijH ?=Kk JHQ JHQCi @ijH @?<^7= = +>, 789 +?++?9B--F +-== = >+[ XZWW >/F6 XZ) G9[><?Q-= 7QK -,Y-,B-=Z ,7BH Y-8 = Y-8 ;?>= F+;FQ,+[ ; ,F9+F ?Q-= = 79,+[Z>+, 9-, 78+[ ?Q-,Z Y-,B=+9[- ?,[=F ?Q-=7QK -,Y-,B-= = +,-,+-8F +,,+9F Y,G=>=?,- ,+-= XZW F)6 HF? ;= ;9-== O?+-+=. i-,>Z ?Q-= +>, 78B-,YFQ,+ ? ;9--F G=>=?,--F F+ ? ,F9+. \V+F<>F;--+8 ?Q-= +>, 9-8 ,YFQ,+[ -, +F ,+-== ++,,+9Z -, >+F - 7+F;--+?FK+F - 7+--8P = V9>+--1;+=B>=P =-=>,+? - ,Y8?,+Z +,> >,> 9 ,Y-8P ;=9-=H FKBHk H?OHHk ?i?kHk OH?>BHk CC>BHk @i@H?>J?O<
\>9[>< =+F8 -B-K ?=-= `9,, >,H- B
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`,> 7,+Z >+8H - ?9=+ -, =+F< -B-K ?=-= `9,, .\V+F< >9=B+? 9+K O?+, ? >,7=- 9- 78+[ ?- > F=-=F+?. L ;?8PZ ? +?++?== MI01STD1))ZO-+,9[-8 ;,+8 = ,?,=H-8 =-=>,+8 9-8=F+[ >+[ 3)Z3 >/F6 )3 G,-9 ? -B- ?F. L1?+8PZ >9=B+?>,-K ? 9+F O?+ 9- 78+[ K,-=B-Z +,> B+78 9+8 =-=>,+8- >,Y,9= -K,+=?- ?9=-= -, -, ,7B= P,,>+=+=>= =+F8 -B-K
?=-=. B=+8?, V+= G,>+8 = ;9 =Y,7=- F+ =;9[Y?,+[ K,-=B-- >9=B+? >,-K. `,-8H 9=+F8 -B-K ?=-= 789 ?87,- -, -? V>;=F-+?Z ? ?F >+8P6X =;8++8H -= 78 -,Y?,9= ’>,-8F“ ;,?--= 9+8F 9 =+F8 -B-K ?=-=@. ?+ 789 ;=79=- > ,-?F9[> ?YF-Z B+78 9,+[ >,-8 =-=>,+8?F+=F8F= =+FH -B-K ?=-=Z -,>9[> ?YF-. \ ,?--=
9+8F 9 =+F8 -B-K ?=-=Z >,-8H 9 =+F8 -B-K ?=-==F+ -+,+>Z ;>9[>< - - -,+9[> >=H ;= -?-F ?+. €9,?-8F7,YFZ V+ ?Y,- +FZ B+ G=9[+,O=Z -7P=F, 9 ?F+=F+==-=>,+, =+FH -B-K ?=-=Z >,Q,+ 7Q+[ =-=>,+,.\>9[>+8 ;=Y?=+9= Z ?YF-Z - Y,P++ ;+??,+[B=+,F+[ ;= -?-F ?+ ,= >,-K O?+,Z >,-8H 9 =+F8-B-K ?=-= 789 +,?9- ? ;O=G=>,O== ? >,B+? ;O=-,9[-K O?+,.ˆ+ V+ - ,Y- >
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# 7 SPETRAL RADIANE LIMITS
ha\wrWu[ W` ]^e\ZraV ra[_a\e V_Y_Z]<
To &e compat'&le w'th N{ISZ the spectral rad'ance o%tp%t of a l'ht'n component m%st&e m'n'm'zed 'n the N{IS1sens't've port'on of the electromanet'c spectr%m. D%r'n thedevelopment of the doc%mentZ a n%m&er of methods were cons'dered that co%ld &e
%sed to def'ne and meas%re N{IS1compat'&'l'ty. The re%'rements 'n MI010123456Aand ASC/ENC @51X) evolved from early attempts to def'ne N{IS compat'&'l'ty. Inorder to help epla'n how the present re%'rements were der'vedZ some of thealternat've methods w'll &e descr'&ed.
$ne method %sed ass%med that a l'ht'n component was N{IS1compat'&le as lon as't d'd not act'vate the AC of the N{IS. Theoret'callyZ th's approach 's %'te val'd&eca%seZ %nless the AC 's act'vatedZ the N{IS 's worb'n at ma'm%m a'n ando&ects o%ts'de the cocbp't w'll appear as &r'ht as poss'&le.
"ased on th's prem'seZ an attempt was made to %se an 'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&e to v'ew al'ht'n component and then determ'ne whether or not the t%&e was 'n AC operat'on.The opt'm%m way to determ'ne 'f an 'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&e 's 'n AC 's to meas%re thet%&e c%rrent. Th's re%'res that the t%&e &e torn down to a'n access to the appropr'atec'rc%'t. "efore proceed'n any f%rtherZ val'dat'on of the concept was attempted &ymeas%r'n the 'mae t%&e screen o%tp%t &r'htness when loob'n at a l'ht'ncomponent. The level of o%tp%t &r'htness can &e %sed as an 'nd'cat'on that the t%&e 's'n AC &eca%se when the t%&e 's 'n AC an 'ncrease 'n 'np%t &r'htness w'll notprod%ce a proport'onal 'ncrease 'n o%tp%t &r'htness. Th's proced%re 's not %'te asacc%rate as meas%r'n the t%&e c%rrentZ &%t 't 's a s'mpler method to %se.
qoweverZ the po'nt at wh'ch the N{IS AC 's act'vated was fo%nd to &e dependent onmany var'a&les. The AC mon'tors the 'mae t%&e c%rrent and acts to red%ce the
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
voltaes wh'ch red%ces the a'n w'th'n the t%&e to beep the c%rrent from eceed'n acerta'n level. The amo%nt of c%rrent that 's prod%ced w'th'n the 'mae t%&e depends onthe spectral sens't'v'ty of the 'mae t%&e photocathode wh'ch var'es amon 'maet%&esZ the spectral d'str'&%t'on and 'ntens'ty of the 'mae &e'n v'ewedZ and thepercentae of the 'mae t%&e f'eld of v'ew ${ that 's 'll%m'nated. A small l'ht'n
component that em'ts a relat'vely lare amo%nt of enery 'n the N{IS1sens't've port'onof the electromanet'c spectr%m can prod%ce a lower t%&e c%rrent and th%s notact'vate the AC than a lare l'ht'n component that em'ts a relat'vely small amo%ntof enery 'n the N{IS1sens't've port'on of the electromanet'c spectr%m. If the f'rst1descr'&ed component were to &e %sed 'n lare n%m&ers 'n the cocbp'tZ 't m'ht &e%naccepta&le. S'nce MI010123456A was wr'tten to &e a eneral spec'f'cat'on that can&e %sed for a n%m&er of d'fferent a'rcraftZ ass'nment of a n%m&er to the percentae of the cocbp't that co%ld &e 'll%m'nated 's 'mposs'&le. AlsoZ s'nce N{IS sens't'v'ty var'esfrom system to systemZ N{IS cannot &e %sed to checb for compat'&'l'ty &eca%seZaltho%h a l'ht'n component may &e compat'&le w'th one systemZ 't may not &ecompat'&le w'th a system w'th h'her sens't'v'ty wh'ch can vary &y as m%ch as 3X•
&etween systems. All of these var'o%s factors wh'ch 'n some cases are %nbnownsled the UAC mem&ers to concl%de that %s'n an 'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&e to checb for N{IS1compat'&'l'ty was %naccepta&le.
At the t'me that MI010123456 was &e'n wr'ttenZ a n%m&er of people were %s'n whathas come to &e bnown as the one percent r%le. The one1percent r%le has severalvar'at'onsZ &%t the or''nal concept was proposed &y the #.S. Army 'n a techn'calmemorand%m wr'tten &y Mr. D'cb ranseen
)X. Mr. ranseen proposed that a l'ht'n
component co%ld &e cons'dered to &e N{IS1compat'&le 'f the amo%nt of enery 'n theN{IS1sens't've port'on of the electromanet'c spectr%m &etween ro%hly 5XX and @XXnm was less than one percent of the total enery. Mr. ranseens recommendat'ons
were converted 'nto an Aerona%t'cal Des'n Standard ADSZ des'nated ADS16W."eca%se th's standard already e'sted pr'or to the wr't'n of MI010123456Z cons'derat'onwas 'ven to convert'n ADS16W 'nto a m'l'tary spec'f'cat'on. qoweverZ the cr'ter'on%sed 'n ADS16W has a n%m&er of flaws. The &as'c pro&lem 's that the N{IS do not seea rat'o of enery &etween the v's'&le and N{IS1sens't've port'ons of the spectr%m they
%st see the a&sol%te amo%nt of enery 'n the spectr%m 'n wh'ch they are sens't've. And l'ht'n components that meet the one1percent r%le &%t are not N{IS compat'&lecan &e man%fact%red. hen des'n'n a l'ht'n component to meet the one1percentcr'ter'onZ the man%fact%rer has two opt'ons. $neZ the man%fact%rer co%ld lower theamo%nt of enery 'n the N{IS1sens't've port'on of the spectr%mZ or twoZ 'ncrease therelat've amo%nt of enery 'n the v's'&le part of the spectr%m. $&v'o%slyZ lower'n the
amo%nt of enery 'n the N{IS1sens't've port'on of the spectr%m w'll prod%ce a morecompat'&le l'ht'n component than ra's'n the amo%nt of v's'&le enery.
I #R E C1 4 shows the c%rves of two d'fferent l'hts that co%ldZ theoret'callyZ &eprod%ced. "oth theoret'cal l'ht so%rces prod%ce a l%m'nance of X.WW cd/m
6X.) f0
and have a&o%t one1half percent of the'r enery a&ove 5XX nm. ThereforeZ &oth l'ht'ncomponents meet the one1percent re%'rement. qoweverZ the poor so%rce em'tsa&o%t ten t'mes as m%ch enery as the opt'm%m so%rce 'n the N{IS1sens't've port'on
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# $ % r & ' ( ) ) * + , % # - 2 . / # . * r
4 0 0
5 0 0
6 0 0
7 0 0
8 0 0
9 0 0
1 0 0 0
MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
of the spectr%m. Altho%h these l'hts meet the same percentae re%'rementZ thepoor so%rce w'll &e ten t'mes &r'hter than the opt'm%m so%rce when v'ewed thro%hthe N{IS.
1E 3
5E 4
3E 4
1E 4
5E 5
3E 5
1E 5
5E 6
3E 6
1E 6
5E 7
3E 7
1E 7
5E 8
3E 8
T& & r
O \ )$ # u #
1E 8
/ ( /& # 8 ) 8 r *
FIGURE -7< }c^Z_YuY~ a[ }^WWr~ ZeWreZ_\aV ]^e\ZraV [_]Zr_buZ_W]<
Th's b'nd of analys's led the UAC mem&ers to concl%de that the percentae r%le may
not worb 'n all cases. The net lo'cal step 'nvolved the development of a method thatwo%ld def'ne a l'm't on the amo%nt of a&sol%te enery that co%ld &e em'tted &y al'ht'n component 'n the N{IS1sens't've port'on of the spectr%m. As a carry1over fromthe one1percent r%leZ the UAC mem&ers 'nvest'ated the poss'&'l'ty of l'm't'n theamo%nt of enery that a l'ht'n component co%ld em't 'n the 5XX to @XX nm port'on of the spectr%m. Th's method was also event%ally reected &eca%se the UAC mem&ersreal'zed that N{IS do not have %n'form s%are wave response to enery w'thwavelenths &etween 5XX and @XX nm. In factZ as was po'nted o%t &y the #.S. ArmyN'ht {'s'on 0a&oratory now called the Center for N'ht {'s'on and Electro1$pt'cs—CN{E$˜Z some N{IS respond to l'ht w'th wavelenths as low as 3X nm. ThereforeZthe UAC mem&ers concl%ded that the &est way to spec'fy N{IS and l'ht'n 'nteract'onwas to develop a new %n't of meas%rementZ N{IS Rad'ance NRZ wh'ch wo%ld %ant'fythe 'nteract'on of l'ht'n components and the N{IS. #n'ts of NR were modeled after the def'n't'on of photop'c l%m'nance. NR %n'ts represent the amo%nt of enery em'tted&y a l'ht so%rce that 's v's'&le thro%h the N{ISZ %st as photop'c l%m'nance %n'ts f0Zcd/m
6 represent the amo%nt of enery that 's v's'&le to a standard h%man eye&all.
N{IS Rad'ance 's def'ned as the 'nteral of the c%rve enerated &y m%lt'ply'n thespectral rad'ance of a l'ht so%rce &y the relat've spectral response of the N{IS asfollows:
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
@WX
N{IS Rad'ance Ž (λ)ma (λ)' N(λ) d λ NR' )
where:3X
(λ)ma Ž ) mA/ to et the correct %n'ts(λ)' Ž relat've spectral response of the N{ISZ where 'ŽA
for Class A N{ISZ and 'Ž" for Class " N{ISN(λ) Ž spectral rad'ance of the l'ht so%rce /cm
6sr nm
d λ Ž wavelenth 'ncrement
N$TES:
). S'nce the wavelenth 'nterval dλ 'n th's e%at'on 's f'n'te 3nmZ th's 's techn'cally as%mmat'onZ rather than an 'nteralZ &%t 't 's shown as an 'nteral 'n the standard to &e
cons'stent w'th MI010123456.6. MI010123456 e%at'ons )a and )& were %sed to calc%late N{IS rad'ance for adev'ce at 'ts spec'f'ed l%m'nance and therefore 'ncl%ded the scal'n factor uSuZ &%t thee%at'ons referred to th's s'mply as uN{IS rad'ance.u Th's 's corrected &y chan'ne%at'ons )a and & to uN{IS rad'ance at spec'f'ed l%m'nanceu 'n the new standard.
W. The factor λma was 'ncl%ded 'n e%at'on )a and & of MI010123456 &%t 's notneeded w'th normal'zed λ data.
After areement was reached w'th'n the UAC that th's %n't of meas%rement
ade%ately represented the response of N{IS when loob'n at a l'ht so%rceZ the N{ISspectral sens't'v'ty had to &e def'ned. The spectral response of the N{IS 's overned&y two factors: the spectral response of the 'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&eZ and the spectraltransm'ss'on of the N{IS o&ect've lens. The spectral response of the 'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&e was determ'ned &y %s'n data prov'ded &y the CN{E$. An averae responsec%rve for each of the two th'rd1enerat'on t%&e man%fact%rers s%pply'n the Army atthat t'me ITT and {ar'anZ pl%s the response c%rve for an etremely sens't've hotth'rd1enerat'on 'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&e were o&ta'ned from the Armys N'ht {'s'on andElectro1$pt'cs 0a&oratory. These three c%rves were normal'zed and plotted on thesame raph. At each 31nm 'ncrementZ the larest val%e of the three c%rves wasdeterm'ned. These val%es were %sed to enerate a compos'teZ normal'zed 'mae t%&e
response c%rve. Th's c%rve 's shown 'n I #R E C12. rod%ct'on th'rd1enerat'on'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&es can &e epected to have a normal'zed spectral sens't'v'tysomewhat lower than th's c%rve.
D%r'n the man%fact%r'n processZ a m'n%s1&l%e f'lter '.e.Z a f'lter that &locbs &l%e1reen l'ht and transm'ts red l'ht 's &%'lt 'nto the N{IS o&ect've lens. Th's f'lter red%ces the amo%nt of cocbp't l'ht that enters the N{IS. There are two d'fferent b'ndsof m'n%s1&l%e f'lters that are %sed 'n the N{IS. Class A N{IS %se a m'n%s1&l%e f'lter
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
meet'n the re%'rements shown 'n I #R E C1. Class " N{IS %se a m'n%s1&l%e f'lter meet'n the re%'rements shown 'n I #R E C1 3 . The Class A f'lter was developed &ythe Army for %se 'n the AN{IS. Th's f'lter only allows &l%eZ reenZ and yellow l'hts to&e %sed 'n the cocbp't. The Class " f'lter was developed &y the Navy for %se 'n theN{IS &e'n proc%red for f'ed1w'n tact'cal a'rcraft. The Class " f'lter was developed
pr'mar'ly to allow three1color CRTs to &e %sed w'th N{IS. qoweverZ the Class " f'lter also allows the %se of a l'm'ted amo%nt of red for warn'n l'hts. The Class " f'lterZhoweverZ red%ces the sens't'v'ty of the N{IS when compared to a Class A f'lter &eca%se't c%ts off more of the 'mae 'ntens'f'er spectral sens't'v'ty than a Class A f'lter. #s'nthese two f'ltersZ the ma'm%m amo%nt of transm'ss'on allowed &y the spec'f'cat'onsthe left hand s'de of the c%rves shown 'n I #R E C1 and I #R E C1 3 wasm%lt'pl'ed &y the 'mae t%&e sens't'v'ty c%rve to y'eld N{IS Class A and Class "sens't'v'ty c%rves. The ma'm%m transm'ss'on allowed was %sed &eca%se an N{IS w'thth's f'lter transm'ss'on wo%ld have the most 'nteract'on w'th the cocbp't l'ht'n.I #R E C1 @ and I #R E C1 ) X show the spectral sens't'v'ty c%rves for Class A andClass " N{IS. The data from I #R E C1 @ and I #R E C1 ) X are %sed as (λ) A or
(λ)" 'n e%at'on ) to calc%late N{IS rad'ance for e'ther Class A or Class " N{ISZrespect'vely.
Note that character'st'cs of a hot t%&eZ and the ma'm%m transm'ss'on allowed &y them'n%s1&l%e f'lter spec'f'cat'onZ were %sed to der've the def'n't'ons of the NR %n'ts.These are &oth conservat've ass%mpt'onsZ wh'ch res%lt 'n the NR meas%rementshav'n some mar'n &%'lt 'n when l'ht'n dev'ces are %sed w'th ord'nary N{IS. Th'sepla'ns why l'ht'n and d'splay dev'ces that sl'htly v'olate the NR re%'rements mayappear to &e f%lly compat'&le when o&served 'n a mocb%p w'th an averae N{IS.More recent t%&es have even &etter performanceZ and new %'dance on th's s%&ectmay &e needed.
After the method of calc%lat'n N{IS Rad'ance was areed %ponZ the level of N{ISRad'ance that co%ld &e cons'dered to &e N{IS1compat'&le had to &e def'ned. As a&asel'neZ the UAC mem&ers dec'ded that compat'&'l'ty co%ld &e ach'eved 'f the 'maeof the cocbp't l'ht'nZ when v'ewed thro%h the N{ISZ was no &r'hter than the o%ts'descene. $perat'onal eper'ence has shown thatZ &eca%se of 'ts low reflect'v'tyZ adefol'ated tree 's the terra'n feat%re that 's the most d'ff'c%lt and 'mportant to see atn'ht. The N{IS rad'ance of a defol'ated tree 'll%m'nated &y starl'ht was calc%lated &ym%lt'ply'n the spectral rad'ance of starl'ht
))see I #R E C1@ &y the reflect'v'ty of
tree &arb)6
see I #R E C1)X and 'nsert'n the res%lt'n c%rve for N(λ) 'nto e%at'on). The calc%lat'on y'elds a val%e of ).4 )X
1)XNR A for Class A N{IS and ).5 )X
1)X
NR" for Class " N{IS. ThereforeZ to beep the cocbp't l'hts d'mmer than the o%ts'descene when v'ewed thro%h the N{ISZ the N{IS Rad'ance sho%ld not eceed ).4 )X 1)X
NR A for Class A N{IS and ).5 )X1)X
NR" for Class " N{ISZ when 'll%m'nated toprod%ce an accepta&le level of l%m'nance re%'red for %na'ded eye v'ew'n. #.S. A'r orce tests have shown that the level of l%m'nance re%'red for pr'mary cocbp't l'ht'nsystemsZ when p'lots are %s'n N{ISZ 's less than X.) f0. ThereforeZ the doc%mentallows a ma'm%m N{IS Rad'ance of ).4 )X
1)XNR A for Class A N{IS and ).5 )X
1)X
NR" for Class " N{IS when l'ht'n e%'pment 's 'll%m'nated to prod%ce X.) f0.
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These very small n%m&ers ca%sed the %se of sc'ent'f'c notat'on 'n MI010123456 andENC1@51X). The new T A"0 E II I 'n the standard removes a factor of )X
1@from each
n%m&er &y %s'n nNR %n'tsZ '.e.Z the standard pract'ce 'n the SI system of %n'ts %ses nto represent nano 'n front of the %n't. The re%'rement 's eactly the sameZ 't 's %st
eas'er to wr'te and prono%nce.
An ecept'on 's made for pr'mary and secondary l'ht'n components( 'll%m'natedcontrols( ca%t'on and adv'sory s'nals( and compartmentZ %t'l'tyZ worbZ and 'nspect'onl'hts. These l'ht'n components m%st meet the N{IS Class A rad'ance re%'rementreardless of the 'nstallat'on for wh'ch they are 'ntended. The UAC mem&ers dec'dedto re%'re all of these l'ht'n components to meet the Class A re%'rement for commonal'ty reasons. S'nce all these dev'ces are reen and 't 's %'te pract'cal tomabe them Class A compl'antZ wh'ch a%tomat'cally mabes them Class " compl'ant noseparate Class " re%'rements were def'ned for these dev'cesZ therefore Class A andClass " dev'ces are the same.
Th's same ph'losophy was appl'ed to wh'te map l'hts when the N{IS h'te cr'ter'awere addedZ 'n the 'nterest of hav'n only one set of cr'ter'a for s%ch l'hts. Note thatthe NRA val%e allowed for wh'te 's h'herZ s'nce wh'te l'ht w'll conta'n more red.
The a&ove cr'ter'a were developed &ased on data s%&ect to var'at'ons. or eampleZthe spectral character'st'cs of starl'ht chane depend'n on ones locat'on on the earthand the transm'ss'v'ty of the atmosphere. To val'date the N{IS Rad'ance cr'ter'aZl'ht'n components that have &een %sed s%ccessf%lly on N{IS1compat'&le a'rcraft andl'ht'n components bnown to &e %naccepta&le were tested to determ'ne 'f they met theN{IS Rad'ance cr'ter'a. Those components that had &een s%ccessf%lly %sed on a'rcraft
passed the spectral rad'ance cr'ter'a and those that were fo%nd to &e %naccepta&lefa'led. D%r'n development of MI010123456Z many l'ht'n components were s%&ectedto the cr'ter'a. The cr'ter'a have proved to &e an acc%rate meas%re of the N{IS1compat'&'l'ty of a l'ht'n component.
MWW\rWYaZ_\ [_]^Vay ra[_a\e<The spectral rad'ance re%'rements for monochromat'c d'splays are the same as thosefor eneral crewstat'on l'ht'n ecept that when the d'splay 's re%'red to d'splayshades of ray 'maery s%ch as forward loob'n 'nfrared —0IR˜ sensor v'deoZ thed'splay m%st &e N{IS1compat'&le at ).46 cd/m
6X.3 f0 rather than X.WW cd/m
6X.) f0.
Appro'mately ).46 cd/m
6
X.3 f0 's re%'red 'n order to d'splay e'ht shades of rayZw'th the lowest level at .)W4 cd/m6 X.X f0.
MuVZ_-\WVWr [_]^Vay ra[_a\e<0a&oratory eper'ments have demonstrated that a f%ll color three1pr'mary color d'splaycannot &e %sed w'th Class A N{IS w'tho%t s%ffer'n cons'dera&le N{IS performancederadat'on. qoweverZ 't 's l'bely that other b'nds of d'splays for eampleZ two color d'splays co%ld &e %sed. 0a&oratory and fl'ht demonstrat'ons have shown that the
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Class " N{IS can &e %sed w'th f%ll color d'splays prov'ded the d'splay 's properlyf'ltered and located 'n a pos't'on where 't 's not 'n the ${ of the N{IS when loob'no%ts'de the a'rcraft. Color d'splays cannot meet the N{IS Rad'ance re%'rements for eneral crewstat'on l'ht'n. ThereforeZ to allow the %se of color d'splaysZ the N{ISRad'ance re%'rement had to &e relaed. Th's trade1off was made for two &as'c
reasons. 'rstZ the N{IS Rad'ance re%'rement for eneral crewstat'on l'ht'nass%med that most of the cocbp't wo%ld &e 'll%m'natedZ &%t 'n the case of color d'splaysZthe d'splay raph'cs were ass%med to occ%py a smaller percentae of the total cocbp'tarea. SecondZ most color d'splays are located 'n an area that w'll not &e 'n the N{IS${ when loob'n o%ts'de the cocbp't.
The ass%mpt'on that the rad'at'n area of a color d'splay w'll &e small 's not part'c%larlyval'd w'th newer AM0CDs. AM0CDs 'n %se now 6XX) are larer than ant'c'patedwhen MI010123456A was developedZ and they tend to rad'ate IR from darb areas aswell as l'ht areasZ 'ncreas'n the total rad'ated enery. More restr'ct've NR" cr'ter'am'ht &e cons'dered where th's added 'nterference 's fo%nd to &e %naccepta&le.
The standard has two N{IS Rad'ance l'm'ts for m%lt'1color d'splays. $ne 's for wh'tel'ht or the color closest to wh'te that can &e prod%ced &y the d'splay and one for theworst case colorZ wh'ch 's the color that prod%ces the reatest N{IS Rad'ance. There%'rements were wr'tten th's way to try to cover all aspects of color d'splaysZ 'ncl%d'ntwo pr'mary1color d'splaysZ wh'ch are &e'n cons'dered for some a'rcraft.
$ne character'st'c of 0CDs that was not ant'c'pated &y MI010123456A was theecess've em'ss'on of IR from u&lacbu areas. $n some 0CDsZ th's em'ss'on 's nearlyconstant reardless of d'splay state( that 'sZ 't does not d'm w'th the v's'&le l'ht.Conse%entlyZ %se of the scal'n factor def'ned 'n 3.4.)6. ) of the standard 's 'nval'd for
many s%ch dev'ces. The new pararaph added %nder 3.4.)6. ) re%'res ver'f'cat'on thatl%m'nance and rad'ance of the d'splay scale toether and sho%ld address th's 'ss%e.
•ar_w a[ Ya]Zer \auZ_W ]_waV a[ eYerwe\y e€_Z V_wZ_w ra[_a\e<The ma'm%m allowa&le N{IS Rad'ance for warn'n and master ca%t'on l'hts 'sappro'mately )XXX t'mes h'her than the N{IS Rad'ance allowed for eneral crewstat'on l'ht'n. The allowa&le N{IS Rad'ance was 'ncreased for two reasons. 'rstZ&eca%se the warn'n and master ca%t'on 'nd'cators sho%ld &e a d'fferent color fromthose 'n the rest of the cocbp'tZ yellow was selected for %se w'th Class A N{IS. TheN{IS Rad'ance re%'rements for N{IS Œellow represent the lowest level of N{IS
Rad'ance that can &e ach'eved w'th state1of1the1art technoloy wh'le ma'nta'n'n ayellow color. SecondZ the N{IS Rad'ance had to &e 'ncreased &eca%se warn'n andmaster ca%t'on l'hts are re%'red to &e 'll%m'nated to 3).3 cd/m
6)3 f0 'n accordance
w'th MI01STD1)). That 'sZ &eca%se warn'n and master ca%t'on 'nd'cators m%st meetthe N{IS Rad'ance re%'rements at 3).3 cd/m
6)3 f0Z rather than X.WW cd/m
6X.) f0Z
the N{IS Rad'ance &ased on th's factor alone wo%ld &e )3X t'mes h'her.
In add't'on to chan'n the ma'm%m allowa&le N{IS Rad'anceZ the UAC mem&ersdec'ded that warn'n and master ca%t'on 'nd'cators m%st &e clearly v's'&le thro%h the
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Type I N{IS &eca%seZ when the 'nd'cator f'rst comes onZ 't w'll most l'bely &e 'n theN{IS ${. Th's led to the esta&l'shment of a m'n'm%m N{IS Rad'ance re%'rement for warn'n and master ca%t'on 'nd'cators to &e certa'n that a p'lot co%ld see the 'nd'cator thro%h Type I N{IS. The lower l'm't was selected &ased on a three1to1one rat'o them'n'm%m N{IS Rad'ance 's three t'mes lower than the ma'm%m N{IS Rad'ance.
'th the advent of Type II and Class " N{ISZ several chanes had to &e made to MI010123456Z wh'ch are reflected 'n MI010123456A. 'rstZ &eca%se the p'lot can clearly seeall parts of the cocbp't w'th h's %na'ded eyeZ a lower l'm't on the N{IS Rad'ance 's notre%'red. SecondZ the Class " N{IS allow a l'm'ted amo%nt of red to &e %sed for warn'n l'hts. qoweverZ the N{IS Rad'ance re%'rement for red was not ra'sed whencompared to yellow &eca%se la&oratory tests have shown that the %pper l'm't set for yellow ca%ses some N{IS deradat'on and ra's'n the l'm't f%rther wo%ld &eo&ect'ona&le. Red warn'n l'hts were left as an opt'on to the ac%'r'n aency&eca%se the UAC mem&ers were not conv'nced that red warn'n l'hts are necessary.
uY^ V_wZ ra[_a\e<
q'her N{IS Rad'ance val%es are allowed for %mp l'hts for several reasons. 'rstZ %mp l'hts are not located 'n the cocbp'tZ and therefore are not 'n the p'lots f'eld1of1v'ew when loob'n o%ts'de the cocbp't. SecondZ %mp l'hts are not normally pos't'oned'n a place where the a'rcrew can conven'ently loob aro%nd or %nder the N{IS to v'ewthe %mp l'ht. ThereforeZ 't m%st &e v's'&le thro%h the Type I N{IS. The &r'hter 'ntens'f'ed 'mae d%e to the h'her N{IS Rad'ance w'll alert the a'rcrew that the %mpl'ht 's act'vated. In order to ens%re that the 'ntens'f'ed 'mae 's &r'ht eno%h to catchthe a'rcrews attent'onZ a m'n'm%m N{IS Rad'ance re%'rement 's also 'mposed for
Type I N{IS. There 's no m'n'm%m N{IS Rad'ance re%'rement for Type II N{IS&eca%se %na'ded eye v's%al c%es are %no&str%cted.
‚ea[ u^ [_]^Vay ‚UD; ]y]ZeY ra[_a\e<
'th Type I N{IS the q#D m%st &e v'ewed thro%h the N{IS. ThereforeZ MI010123456A set &oth a lower and %pper l'm't on the N{IS Rad'ance. The lower l'm't wasselected &ased on a W phosphor w'th a xa'ser f'lterZ wh'ch has proven to &e %st&arely v's'&le thro%h the Type I N{IS when set to 3.X f0. The %pper l'm't 's three t'mesthe lower l'm't. 'th Type II N{ISZ the q#D 's v'ewed w'th the %na'ded eye. Theresho%ld &e no 'ntens'f'ed 'mae seen thro%h the 'mae 'ntens'f'er t%&es or the p'lot w'll
&e presented w'th a do%&le 'mae the %na'ded eye 'mae overla'd w'th the 'ntens'f'ed'mae. ThereforeZ only a ma'm%m N{IS Rad'ance has &een esta&l'shed for Type IIN{IS.
The leaby reen character'st'c 's a newerZ alternat've approach to v'ew'n aholoraph'c q#D w'th N{IS. It has &een fo%nd to &e nearly 'mposs'&le to meet them'n'm%m NR re%'rements d'sc%ssed a&ove w'th holoraph'c q#DsZ wh'ch are now 'n%se 'n several a'rcraft. The very wavelenth1select've nat%re of the holoraph'c q#Dcom&'ner prevents l'ht from the q#D from fall'n 'n the N{IS spectr%m. Rather than
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%se Class II N{IS wh'ch are more epens've w'th these q#DsZ as was 'ntended whenMI010123456 was wr'ttenZ leaby reen f'lters on ord'nary Class I N{IS are &e'n %sed.
L_wZ Vea]<
Test'n at NA{AIRDE{CEN has shown that the seal'n of l'ht leabs 's perhaps themost d'ff'c%lt pro&lem faced &y man%fact%rers. Even 'f the man%fact%rer %ses an N{IS1compat'&le f'lterZ small l'ht leabs wh'ch are 'nv's'&le to the %na'ded eye w'll mabe al'ht'n component non1compat'&le.
LuY_a\e u_`WrY_Zy<
The %n'form'ty re%'rement has &een t'htened from a rat'o of three to one at rateddr've cond't'ons to a rat'o of two to one at )/6 rated dr've voltae'n MI010125456 or any 'ven l%m'nance level 'n ASC/ENC @51X). Th's chane was made &eca%se the%se of prototype l'ht'n systems has demonstrated that the more %n'form the l'ht'nZ
the &etter the compat'&'l'ty.
Ma_Zea\e Zr_YY_w \WZrWV] MIL-L-85762 WVy;ƒ W \aVVe[ LuY_a\ebaVa\e<
A re%'rement for ma'ntenance tr'mm'n controls was added to MI010123456 &eca%seof the etreme cr't'cal'ty of l'ht'n %n'form'ty when %s'n N{IS. If a l'ht'n component's r%n at a s'n'f'cantly h'her &r'htness than the averaeZ 't w'll appear m%ch &r'hter &oth thro%h the N{IS and w'th the %na'ded eye. Non1%n'form l'ht'n 's a d'stract'on tothe p'lot. In add't'onZ some of the technolo'es %sed to ach'eve N{IS compat'&'l'tyre%'re tr'mm'n d%e to a'n cons'derat'ons 'f a new component 's 'nstalled 'n thea'rcraft.
The des'n re%'rement 'nstallat'on of tr'mmers was deleted 'n ASC/ENC @51X)Zs'nce 't 's a des'n re%'rement rather than a performance re%'rement. Theperformance re%'rement 's to meet the %n'form'ty cr'ter'on a&ove wh'le meet'nrel'a&'l'ty and ma'nta'na&'l'ty re%'rements stated 'n the contract.
:er_`_\aZ_W xuaV_Zy a]]ura\e ^rWX_]_W] _ MIL-L-85762;<
The test proced%res re%'red &y MI010123456A are re%'red for f'rst art'cle and %al'tyconformance 'nspect'ons only. 'rst art'cle tests are re%'red to &e performed on allf'rst art'cle samples and %al'ty conformance tests are re%'red to &e performed onrandom samples selected from a prod%ct'on lot. A contractor 's not re%'red to s%&ectall del'vered art'cles to the test proced%res conta'ned 'n MI010123456A. That 'sZ MI010123456A does not spec'fy prod%ct'on %al'ty control 'nspect'ons that sho%ld &eperformed &y the man%fact%rer on each %n't. !%al'ty control proced%res are left %p tothe contractor. The overnment re%'res a contractor to prove that 't can meet thespec'f'cat'on &y pass'n f'rst art'cle and random %al'ty conformance 'nspect'ons.
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L_wZ_w \W[_Z_W]<
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All l'ht'n meas%rements m%st &e made 'n a darbroom to prevent am&'ent l'ht'n fromaffect'n the res%lts. The doc%ment def'nes darb as e'ther &e'n %nmeas%ra&le or less than one percent of the enery &e'n meas%red. As an alternat'veZ an N{IS e'ther second1or th'rd1enerat'on can &e %sed to checb for l'ht leabs 'n the room. If there
are no l'ht leabs v's'&le w'th the N{IS one can cons'der the room darb eno%h to mabeN{IS compat'&'l'ty meas%rements.
L_wZ_w ]y]ZeY N:IS \WY^aZ_b_V_Zy e€aY_aZ_W<
The proced%res to &e %sed d%r'n the l'ht'n system N{IS1compat'&'l'ty eam'nat'onl'ht'n mocb%p re%'re that a resol%t'on taret &e set %p o%ts'de the cocbp't andv'ewed w'th the N{IS &oth w'th and w'tho%t the cocbp't l'ht'n 'll%m'nated. Nodetecta&le deradat'on of N{IS resol%t'on sho%ld res%lt when the cocbp't l'ht'n 'sener'zed. The resol%t'on chart 's 'll%m'nated to a level necessary to prod%ce the sameamo%nt of enery that wo%ld &e rad'ated &y a defol'ated tree 'll%m'nated &y starl'ht and
v'ewed thro%h the N{IS ).4 )X1)X
NR A or ).5 ‰ )X1)X
NR" for Class A or Class "N{IS respect'vely. The d'stance &etween the l'ht'n mocb%p and the resol%t'on taret's not spec'f'ed &eca%se the d'stance w'll vary depend'n on the area to &e %sed for themocb%p. qoweverZ several %al'f'ers are conta'ned 'n th's sect'on to &e certa'n that themocb%p 's cond%cted 'n the proper manner. 'rstZ the resol%t'on taret sho%ld &e set %pat a d'stance so that a resol%t'on pattern m'dway &etween the larest and smallestpattern 's %st v's'&le w'th the N{IS. Th's prevents lare sw'ns 'n resol%t'on from fall'no%t of the resol%t'on meas%r'n rane of the taret. SecondZ the taret m%st &e locatedso that when the cocbp't l'ht'n 's 'll%m'natedZ 't does not 'll%m'nate the taret. Cocbp'tl'ht'n that 'll%m'nates the resol%t'on taret can 've false read'ns &eca%se theresol%t'on taret 's 'll%m'nated to a level that 's h'her than starl'ht rad'ance.
rWYaZ_\_Zy Yea]ureYeZ]<
Chromat'c'ty meas%rements are re%'red to &e made w'th a spectrorad'ometer. Inpract'ceZ chromat'c'ty meas%rements can also &e made w'th a photometer %s'n color f'lters des'ned for th's p%rpose. qoweverZ the spectrorad'ometr'c meas%rement 'smore acc%rate. "eca%se the spec'f'cat'on re%'res that a spectrorad'ometer &e %sed tomeas%re spectral rad'anceZ the UAC mem&ers dec'ded that the color sho%ld also &emeas%red w'th a spectrorad'ometer. A wavelenth 'ncrement of 3 nm was chosen&eca%se eper'ments have shown that 'ncrements smaller than th's have a nel''&leeffect on the chromat'c'ty meas%rements of var'o%s technoloy lampsZ 'ncl%d'n 0EDs
and CRTsZ wh'ch are relat'vely narrow &and l'ht so%rces.
S^e\ZraV ra[_a\e Yea]ureYeZ]<
Spectral rad'ance meas%rements are re%'red to &e made %s'n a spectrorad'ometer.D%r'n the development of MI010123456 a n%m&er of d'fferent meas%rement techn'%eswere eplored. "ased on the def'n't'on of N{IS Rad'anceZ an acc%rate meas%rement of spectral rad'ance m%st &e o&ta'ned. The UAC mem&ers were not conv'nced thatalternate meas%r'n techn'%esZ wh'ch enerally %se an 'nterat'n over wavelenth
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type of dev'ceZ prov'de acc%rate spectral rad'ance data. In order for these types of dev'ces to &e acc%rateZ the'r spectral sens't'v'ty c%rve has to closely match thesens't'v'ty c%rve for the N{IS. The b'nd of test e%'pment re%'red 's epens'veZhoweverZ 'n n%mero%s d'sc%ss'ons w'th man%fact%rersZ the UAC mem&ers concl%dedthat 'f a company wants to &e 'n the N{IS1compat'&'l'ty &%s'nessZ 't m%st proc%re the
proper test e%'pment. The UAC mem&ers felt that alternate meas%r'n techn'%eswere 'nade%ate( howeverZ s%est'ons for alternat've meas%r'n techn'%es can st'll&e cons'dered.
The %se of an 'nteral 'n the e%at'ons 'n the ver'f'cat'on sect'on of the doc%ment has&een %est'oned. Most people th'nb of th's as an 'nteralZ even tho%h mathemat'callyspeab'nZ 't 's act%ally a s%mmat'onZ s'nce the 'ncrement d λ 's 3 nanometers. In atr%e 'nteralZ th's 'ncrement approaches zero.
Altho%h most l'ht'n components are re%'red to &e compat'&le at X.WW cd/m6
X.)f0Z the spec'f'cat'on allows the spectral rad'ance of l'ht'n components to &e
meas%red at e'ther 3).3 cd/m6
)3 f0 or at the l%m'nance prod%ced at rated voltaeZwh'ch ever 's lower. A scal'n factor S 's enerated to correct the meas%red spectralrad'ance to appro'mate what 't wo%ld &e 'f the l'ht'n component were act%ally set toX.WW cd/m
6X.) f0. State1of1the1art spectrorad'ometers have d'ff'c%lty acc%rately
meas%r'n the spectral rad'ance of l'ht'n components when they are 'll%m'nated toX.WW cd/m
6X.) f0. Scal'n the l%m'nance of l'ht'n components 's not ent'rely
acc%rate &eca%seZ as 's the case w'th 'ncandescent l'htsZ the spectral rad'ance c%rvesh'fts for some l'ht'n components as the l%m'nance d%e to a voltae chane 'schaned. NeverthelessZ n%mero%s tests cond%cted at NA{AIRDE{CEN showed thatthe spectral sh'ft was not s'n'f'cant w'th many l'ht so%rces. The %pper l'm't of 3).3 cd/m
6)3 f0 was chosen &eca%se at th's level a spectrorad'ometer 's sens't've
eno%h to mabe an acc%rate meas%rement. "es'desZ warn'n and master ca%t'on'nd'cators sho%ld &e meas%red at th's level.
More recent tests on CRTs and 0'%'d Crystal D'splays 0CDs have shown that thescal'n techn'%e allowed &y MI010123456 's not always val'd. It does not acc%ratelyacco%nt for so%rces s%ch as CRTs and flat panel d'splays that have &oth f'ed andvar'a&le so%rces of IR em'ss'ons. In a CRTZ as well as 'n the fl%orescent t%&es %sed to&acbl'ht 0CDsZ the hot f'lament prod%ces relat'vely constant IR em'ss'onsZ wh'le thephosphor prod%ces em'ss'ons proport'onal to l%m'nance. MI010123456 allowsmeas%r'n the d'splay at a &r'hter sett'n and then scal'n down the res%lts to thespec'f'ed l%m'nance of ).4 cd/m
6X.3 f0. S'nce the IR em'ss'ons do not o down
proport'onallyZ th's can allow a d'splay w'th ecess've em'ss'ons to pass the test.ThereforeZ a re%'rement to ver'fy that the scal'n techn'%e 's val'd for the part'c%lar technoloy &e'n tested was added to pararaph 3.5.)6.) of the doc%ment.
L_wZ Vea _]^e\Z_W<
0'ht leabs can &e 'nspected w'th any b'nd of N{IS e'ther second1or th'rd1enerat'on&eca%se a l'ht leab w'll &e ev'dent thro%h e'ther b'nd of dev'ce. The 'nspect'on 's
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MIL-STD-3009APPENDIz
'mportant &eca%se a spectrorad'ometr'c meas%rement may not always detect a l'htleab %nless the leab 's 'n the ${ of the spectrorad'ometer. 0'ht leabs most oftenres%lt from cracbed or poorly 'nstalled f'lters.
DayV_wZ Vew_b_V_Zy a[ rea[ab_V_Zy _]^e\Z_W W VWwer _\Vu[e[ _ Ze ]Za[ar[;<
The meas%r'n proced%res 'n MI010123456 for 'll%m'nated v's%al s'nals that arere%'red to &e reada&le 'n d'rect reflected spec%lar s%nl'ht came from the proced%resconta'ned 'n MI01S166223. The test proced%res conta'ned 'n MI01S166223 descr'&e themethod that sho%ld &e %sed to meas%re contrast when the l'ht'n component 'ss%&ected to a spec%lar reflect'on. The meas%r'n proced%res for 'll%m'nated v's%als'nals not re%'red to &e reada&le 'n d'rect reflected spec%lar s%nl'ht are the same asthe proced%res conta'ned 'n MI01S1W2XW@. The test proced%res conta'ned 'n MI01S1W2XW@ descr'&e the method that sho%ld &e %sed to meas%re contrast when the l'ht'ncomponent 's s%&ected to d'ff%se am&'ent 'll%m'nat'on. The test proced%res werecop'ed over 'nto ASC/ENC @51X) to el'm'nate references to the old doc%ments.
The meas%r'n proced%res descr'&ed for the meas%rement of contrast of electron'c andelectro1opt'cal d'splays are cons'stent w'th those conta'ned 'n MI01qD"x1246)W andSAE AR1)426.
A[[_Z_WaV _`WrYaZ_W<I #R E C1 2 Z I #R E C1 @ Z and I #R E C1 ) X are prov'ded for add't'onal 'nformat'on.
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