minerals and rocks

1. _______- a naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with a definite chemical composition

mineral

A. “Naturally occurring”- made by ______- not man-made nature

B. “Inorganic”- is not nor has it ever been ________alive

C. “Crystalline”- minerals are lined up in ________ patternsrepeating

D. “SOLID”

E. “Definite chemical composition”- certain elements in definite proportions

2. ________- a solid plane in which the atoms are arranged in orderly, repeating patterns A. cubic B. tetragonal C. hexagonal D. orthorhombic E. triclinic F. monoclinic

crystal

CUBICHALITE

TETRAGONALWULFENITE

HEXAGONALBERYL

ORTHORHOMBICTANZANITE

MONOCLINICGYPSUM

TRICLINICMONTEBRASITE

3. Physical propertiesA. _____- the mineral’s general colorB. _______- the color of the powdered mineralC. _______- the way light is reflected from a mineral’s surface D. ________-how tightly packed together the molecules of a mineral are;E. ________- a mineral’s resistance to being scratchedF. ________- breaks on smooth surfaces; ________- the irregular breakage of a mineral

hardness

cleavagefracture

streak

density

color

luster

G. Other- _____ (salt), _____ (sulfur), ___________ (iron), and _____ (jade)

taste smell

magnetism sound

4. _____- rare and highly prized mineralsgems

5. ______- minerals that can be 5. ______- minerals that can be mined at a profitmined at a profit

oresores

6. ______and _______- two most 6. ______and _______- two most abundant elements in the Earth’s abundant elements in the Earth’s crustcrust

siliconsilicon oxygenoxygen

7. rock- mixture of ________, ______________, _____________, and ________________8. Rock cycle- rocks are formed by __________, _______, ____, ________, _______, _______, __________ and ___________

mineralsvolcanic glass organic matter

other materials

weathering erosion heatpressure melting coolingcompaction cementation

9. Major Rock types A. IGNEOUSB. SEDIMENTARYC. METAMORPHIC

10. _____________- rocks made from molten materials

______- underground melted materials____- above the ground melted materials

Igneous rocks

magma

lava

A.Intrusive- formed _____ Earth’s surface and eventually uplifted and

uncovered by __________ and _______; magma cools ______; _____ crystals

B. Extrusive- formed when lava cools ___________ Earth’s surface; cools ____; _____ crystals

under

weatheringerosion slowlylarge

at or abovefast small

11. sedimentary- 75% of all rocks on the _______; the only rocks that _________ on the Earth’s surface

surfaceoriginate

A.A.Methods of formation:Methods of formation:1) __________ (breaking down) 1) __________ (breaking down) and _______ (the moving and _______ (the moving around) of rock particlesaround) of rock particles2) __________- pressure that 2) __________- pressure that squeezes out the air and watersqueezes out the air and water3) ___________- water that is 3) ___________- water that is dissolved with minerals “glues dissolved with minerals “glues particles together and then they particles together and then they hardenshardens

weatheringerosion

compaction

cementation

B. Classification: 1) ________- broken pieces of other

rocks and shells are cemented together; shale, sandstone, conglomerate 2)________- minerals are withdrawn

from a solution or left behind after evaporation; halite and some

limestone

clastic

chemical

3) _______- rock formed from once living materials

_____- formed from shells of coquina ____- formed from dead plants that have been buried and pressurized

organic

chalk

coal

11. Metamorphic rock- rocks that have changed due to ____ and ________

A. ________- contains parallel bands of mineralsB. ____________- no banding; massive in form; mineral grains grow and rearrange

heatpressure

foliated

non-foliated