modul ajar 1 introduction hvac
Post on 25-May-2015
1.974 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 4
1.1. Sub Kompetensi
Kemampuan yang akan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa setelah memahami isi modul ini
adalah sebagai berikut :
Mahasiswa mengetahui ruang lingkup bahasan materi Heating Ventilating
Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Mahasiswa memahami prinsif kerja dasar dari kulkas (refrigerator) dan air
conditioning (AC).
Mahasiswa memahami prinsif kerja Water Chiller dan Oil cooler
1.2. Uraian Materi
Setalah mempelajari konsep dasar thermodinamika (engineering thermodynamic)
maka mahasiswa pada mata kuliah ini diharapkan mampu mengaplikasikan pada
konsep dasar itu pada teknologi aplikasinya industri meliputi :
1. Water chiller dan Oil Cooler
2. Sistem refrigerator
3. Sistem air conditioning (AC) dan HVAC
Pengenalan Sistem Pendingin dan HVAC
Beberapa aplikasi sistem pendingin untuk kebutuhan manusia dan dunia industri
Gambar 1. 1 Contoh Penerapan Thermodinamika khusunya pada sistem pendingin HVAC
Sumber : Yunus A Cengel, 1994, “Thermodynamic, an Engineering Approach”
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 5
Water chiller and Oil Cooler
Gambar 1. 2 AHU-(air handlind Unit) , FCU (fan control unit), Water Chiller (warna biru = fase
liquid/cair dan warna merah dan ungu = fase vapor/uap)
Gambar 1. 3 Sistem refrigerasi / refrigerator
Komponen-komponen sistem refrigerasi :
Refrigerant
Receiver
Thermostatic expansion valve (TXV)
Evaporator
Compressor
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 6
Condenser
Gambar 1. 4 Oil cooler (radiator) (sources: http://www.prcracing.com/oil-coolers.html)
Gambar 1. 5 sistem cool storage di sebuah kapal
Prinsif Kerja
Prinsif dasar dari mesin ini adalah proses pemindahan panas dari reservoir yang
bertemperatur tinggi ke rendah membutuhkan kerja yang perlu dimasukan dalam
sistem
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 7
Gambar 1. 6 Proses Pemindahan panas dari reservoir temperature rendah ke tinggi
Proses Perpindahan Energi Panas
Gambar 1. 7 Thermal energy moves from left to right through five loops of heat transfer
Contoh aplikasi sistem pendingin pada unit yang besar :
Gambar 1. 8 ice skating field dan Cooling Piping (sources: www.kolomna-speed-skating.com/)
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 8
Air Conditioning System
Sistem pengkondisian Udara untuk mendapatkan udara dengan kondisi dan kualitas
sesuai dengan kebutuhan teknis. Dimana kebutuhan meliputi kebutuhan untuk
kenyamanan manusia dan juga tujuan kebutuhan industri seperti teknologi
penyimpan (storage), farmasi, bahan kimia hingga industri persenjataan.
Macam-macam AC sistem :
Air Conditioning (for comfort / machine)
Split air conditioners
Fan coil units in a larger system
Air handling units in a larger system
Gambar 1. 9 AC window dan Split air conditioners
Sistem Refrigerasi
Sistem pendinginan pada industri yang digunakan untuk tujuan teknologi proses
pengolahan (contohnya chilling plants) dan kebutuhan domestik (contohnya
refrigerators), Sistem refrigerasi dapat dibedakan berdasarkan besar kemampuan
kapasitasnya pendinginannya dengan satuan TOR (Ton of Refrigeration). TOR
adalah satuan untuk kapasitas kemampuan proses pendinginan mengacu pada panas
yang mampu dipindahkan dari material yang didinginkan yg besarnya setara dengan
efek pendinginan yang diakibatkan oleh 1 ton es bersuhu 32oF (0
0C) yang meleleh
(berubaha fase solid menjadi liquid) selama 24 jam. 1 TOR akan memiliki nilai
setara dengan 12.000 BTU/hour atau 3517 watts.
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 9
Kapasitas pendinginan sistem refrigerasi berdasarkan kemampuan kapasitas
pendinginannya :
1. Unit Kapasitas kecil < 50 TOR
Unit refrigerasi dengan kapasitas kecil untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestic
2. Unit Kapasitas medium antara 50 < TOR < 250
Instalasi air pendingin dengan sistem terpusat (Centralized chilled water
plants) menggunakan air pendingin sebagai refrigerant sekunder dengan
temperatur dengan range diatas.
3. Unit Kapasitas besar > 250 TOR
Instalasi pendingin terpusat dengan kapasitas pendinginan besar dengan
menggunakan refrigerant pendingin sekunder larutan anti beku (brine plant)
sehingga bisa mencapai temperature lebih rendah dari 00C. Industri yang
besar akan memiliki beberapa unit pendingin antara lain yang berada diluar
diluar gedung (off site) antara lain:
1. Chilled water pumps,
2. Condenser water pumps,
3. Cooling towers,
Gambar 1. 10 Condenser water pumps (sources www.tempest-eng.com)
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 10
Gambar 1. 11 Cooling Tower (sources: http://powerwash.ms/industrial-projects)
Pada satu industri bisa dimungkin akan memiliki 2 sampai 3 level instalasi
sistem refrigenerasi dan pengkondisian udara dengan beberapa kombinasi
kondisi operasi, antara beberapa contoh kombinasi antara lain :
1. Comfort air conditioning (20 – 250C)
2. Chilled water system (8 – 100C)
Plant air dingin yang terpusat dengan memanfaatkan air dingin
sebagai refrigeran sekundernya untuk kisaran suhu diatas 8-
100C.
3. Brine system (sub-zero applications)
Plant air garam (brine), yang menggunakan air garam untuk
suhu yang lebih rendah, refrigeran sekunder untuk penerapan
suhu sub-nol, yang kemudian menjadi kapasitas unit dan
kapasitas plant yang terpusat.
1.3. Rangkuman
TOR (Ton of Refrigeration).
BTU (British thermal unit).
AHU (Air Handling Unit)
FCU (Fan control unit)
1.4. Referensi
1. Yunus A Cengel, 1994, “Thermodynamic, an Engineering Approach”
2. ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals [1972]
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 11
3. Harrington RL., ‘Marine Engineering Hand Book’, SNAME, Jersey City,
1992
4. Stoecker WF., Jerrold W., Supratman H.,’ Teknik Pendingin dan
Pengkondisian Udara’, Edisi 2, Erlangga, Jakarta
5. William G., Neil RP. ‘Trane Air Conditioning Manual’
6. Wiranto AM., Heizo S.,’Penyegaran Udara’, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta
1995
1.5. Latihan Soal
Tugas Terstruktur 01
1. Dengan melihat diagram pada Water Chiller dan Refrigerator diatas, Coba
jelaskan fungsi-fungsi dari peralatan dibawah ini :
a) compressor
b) condenser
c) receiver
d) solenoid valve
e) therma expansion valve
f) thermal bulb
g) chiller condenser
h) chill water pump
i) cooling coil
j) thermostat
k) tempeature switch
l) expansion tank
2. Berdasarkan gambar refrigerator jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan :
a. Suction line
b. discharge line
c. low side
d. high side
3. Sebuah Pelabuhan membutuhkan 2 unit AHU dimana unit 1 membutuhkan
daya pendinginan 12 BTU/min dan unit 2 membutuhkan daya pendinginan 8,2
kW. Berapa daya TOR mesin pendingin total yang harus di-install ?
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 12
1.6. Lembar Kerja
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. .......
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... ...
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 13
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................. .......
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... ...
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 14
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
top related