myology. morphology –muscle belly 肌腹 –tendon 肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜 classification...

Myology

余 明

华

• Morphology– Muscle belly 肌腹– Tendon 肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜

• Classification– Long muscle 长肌– Short muscle 短肌– Broad muscle 阔肌– Orbicular mucle 轮

匝肌

• Origin 起点 insertion 止点

position 位置 action 作用• Nomenclature

of mucles 肌的命名 : shap, size, location, and their points of attachment

Accessory structures• Fascia

– Superficial fascia– Deep fascia

• Synovial bursa

• Tendinous sheath – Fibrous layer– Synovial layer: meso

tendon, vincula tendinum

Section 1 The muscles of head The facial muscles

-the epicranius

-the orbicularis oculi

-the muscles around the mouth

The masticatory muscles

-the masseter

-the temporalis

-the medial pterygoid

-the lateral pterygoid

Section 2 The muscles of neck

By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups: superficial, anterior and deep.

Ⅰ. the superficial group

1. the platysma

2. Sternocleidomastoid

ACTIONProtracts head when acting together; The head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side

INSERTION mastoid process

ORIGIN manubrium and clavicle

Ⅱ. the anterior group

1. the suprahyoid muscles digastric mylohyoid stylohyoid Geniohyoid

2. the infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid

Ⅲ. the deep group

1. lateral group scalenus anterior scalenus medius scalenus posterior

Scalene fissure: above the first rib, between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius.

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

2. medial group

The Muscles of TrunkThe Muscles of BackThe Muscles of ThoraxThe DiaphragmThe Muscles of Abdomen

Section 3

The Muscles of Back

Trapezius

-raises,descends,retracts Scapula

Latissimus dorsi

-extends,adducts and medially rotates humerus

Levator scapulae Rhomboideus Erector spinae Splenius

The Muscles of Thorax

• Pectoralis major

- adducts and medially rotates arm

• Pectoralis minor

• Serratus anterior

-holds the scapula against chest wall

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

DIAPHRAGM

ACTIONInspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure

INSERTIONCentral tendon

ORIGINVertebral:crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3 (right). Costal: medial and lateral arcuate ligs, inner aspect of lower six ribs . Sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid.

Aortic aperture -12th thoracic vertebra

-the abdominal aorta the thoracic duct.

Esophagheal aperture -10th thoracic vertebra

-the esophagus the vagal trunks.

Vena cava foramen -8th thoracic vertebra

-the inferior vena cava

The Muscles of Abdomen

Anterolateral group

External abdominal oblique

Internal abdominal oblique

Transversus abdominis

Retus abdominis

Posteriorgroup

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE

ACTIONSupports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intraabdominal pressure

INSERTIONiliac crest, inguinal lig, public tubercle and crest

ORIGIN Anterior angles of lower eight ribs

Aponeurotic tendons-inguinal ligament; lacunar ligament;

pectineal ligament -superficial inguinal ring

INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE

ACTIONSupports abdominal wall, assists forced respiration, aids raising intra-abdominal pressure

INSERTIONCostal margin, aponeurosis of rectus sheath, conjoint tendon

ORIGIN Lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal ligament

inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

ACTIONSupports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure.

INSERTIONAponeurosis of rectus sheath and conjoint tendon

ORIGIN Costal margin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

ACTIONFlexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure

INSERTION 5, 6, 7 costal cartilages, medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect of xiphoid

ORIGIN Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

Anterior layeraponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique

Sheath of rectus abdominis

Posterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique

and transversus abdominis

白线

弓状线

Inguinal canallying above the medial half of the inguinal ligament; commences at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ring

Inguinal triangle -inferior epigastric artery; -lateral border of the rec

tus abdominis; -medial half of the inguin

al ligament

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