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11
Klingenhofstrasse 58, 90411 Nuremberg / Germany
Next Generation Networks –Mobile Netze der 4. Generation
Neuss, 05.04.2005
Bernhard KuhnGeschäftsbereichsleiter
Training & Consulting Telecommunication Networks
2
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Since 1994, independent training providerSince 2004, member of Grundig-Akademie-Gruppe
Training centers in Nuremberg and HamburgCore staff per 2004: ~50 (GAG: 135)Turnover per 2004: ~5,0m € (GAG: 14m €)DIN EN ISO 9001 certification since 1993ETSI, 3GPP, EFQM member
Who we are
TrainingInformationTechnology& Projects
TrainingTelecommsNetworks& Projects
TrainingHR Skills
OrganizationDevelopment
22
Current Status:2.5G / 3G Public Mobile Networks
Overview
4
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Public Mobile Data: Status quo 2005
Wireless
Voice SMS MMS Video
Text Image Sound Video
InternetConverged
GSM: 9.6 / 14.4....57.6kbps (HSCSD)– Globally available
GPRS: ~53kbps packet-switched– Globally available
UMTS R99: <384kbps p-s– Restricted availability
EDGE: ~120kbps p-s– In the Americas– “silent” introduction to European GSM networks in rural areas
802.11a/b/g: <11 / 54kbps p-s– Hotspots only
Insufficient data rates for mass-market mobile data!
33
5
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
NGN Access Technology Candidates
Session Objective:clarify acronyms andprovide an overview on NGN technology features
HIPERLANIEEE
802.11nWiMAX
UMA UWB
MB-OFDM
HSDPA
MIMO
6
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
The Problem
Higher data transfer rates in wireless systems require– more frequency spectrum or– higher order modulations or– higher spectral efficiency or– a combination of theseLimited spectrum and requirements of excellent Bit Error Rates (BER) call for enhanced spectral efficiencyAt the same time, new wireless transmission systems must coexist with already installed systems without interferenceEasy interconnection to existing core networks– Standard interfaces
44
3.5G - HSDPAHigh-speed Downlink Packet Access
8
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Motivation for HSDPA
HSDPA is a 3GPP release 5 feature for UMTS FDD/TDDMain focus: Data communication @ 10Mbps– Background Services: email delivery, file download, telematics– Interactive Services: web browsing, data base retrieval, server
access– Streaming Services: audio / video streamingMobility: 0-30 km/h (pedestrian – low speed vehicular)
55
9
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HSDPA Key Features (1)
Shared Channel transmission– Channelization codes and transmission power in a cell are
dynamically shared between users– A new transport channel High Speed Downlink Shared Channel
(HS-DSCH) is introducedAdaptive modulation and coding (AMC)– Adaptation of transmission parameters to radio conditions and
terminal capability– Modulation schemes:
• 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): UE capability• QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying): mandatory for UE
10
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HSDPA Key Features (2)
Hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ)– Improving robustness against link adaptation errors– UE rapidly requests retransmissions of erroneously received
data– UE can combine information from the original transmission with
that of later retransmissions (Soft Combining)Fast scheduling in the Node B instead of RNC– Moving scheduling and processing of retransmissions closer to
air interface– New MAC-hs (Medium Access Control – high speed) protocol
entity in the Node BShort transmission time interval of 2ms– Accelerating packet scheduling for transmission
66
11
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Server RNC Node B
UE
RLC retransmissionsTCP retransmissions
MAC-hsretransmissions
Retransmissions in HSDPARetransmissions in HSDPA
12
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
SummaryUE
Node B
RNC
Rel’99 DCH/DSCH Rel’5 HS-DSCH
Packet Retransmission
RLC ACK/NACK
Retransmission
L1 ACK/NACK
Packet
Rel’99 vs. HSDPA Retransmission handling
77
13
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Hybrid ARQ – Definitions
HSDP
A
ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request)– Receiver detects errors and requests retransmissions of erroneous
packets
HARQ / Hybrid-ARQ– Typ I: Coding is applied to transmission packets– Typ II: retransmission of packet information with additional or
incremental redundancy (re-transmission is not self-decodeable)– Typ III: retransmission of packet information is self-decodeable but
could be send with less power
Incremental Redundancy– Information and a selected number of parity bits are transmitted.– If transmission was not successful, transmitter sends additional selected
parity bits and receiver combines new bits with those previouslyreceived.
14
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Packet Scheduling
•Packet scheduler is located in the Node-B•Opens up for “fast scheduling” optimized according to the current channel conditions•Can yield large gain at cell and user levels. •Multi-user diversity = selection diversity among the active users
•Packet scheduler is located in the Node-B•Opens up for “fast scheduling” optimized according to the current channel conditions•Can yield large gain at cell and user levels. •Multi-user diversity = selection diversity among the active users
UE2
Channel quality(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)
Channel quality(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)
Data
Data
UE1
Multi-user selection diversity(give shared channel to “best” user)
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15
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MAC-hs Protocol Entity – Protocol Stack
16
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HSDPA Functionality Enhancements in Node B (1)
Terminal 1 (UE)
Terminal 2
L1 Feedback
L1 Feedback
Data
Data
Fast schedulingdone directlyby Node B (BTS) basedon knowledge of:- UE's channel
quality- UE's capability- QoS demands- Power and code
resource availability- Node B buffer status
Users may be time and/or code multiplexed
Absolute Peak Data Rate 14.4Mbps
Typical User data rate 2-3Mbps
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17
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UENode BRNC
PacketsScheduler
& BufferARQ & Coding
ACK/NACK & Feedback Decoding
Flow Control
New Node B functions:Scheduler: Terminal scheduling, Coding & Modulation selection (16QAM as new modulation)ARQ Retransmissions HandlingUplink Feedback Decoding Flow Control towards SRNC
HSDPA Functionality Enhancements in Node B (2)
18
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
FDD HS-DSCH Physical Layer Categories for UEs
1.80.9
(14.0) 14.4
(10.1) 10.8
7.2
7.2
3.6
3.6
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.2
MaxData Rate
(Mbps)
2880014400
172800
172800
134400
115200
67200
57600
38400
28800
28000
19200
HARQ Memory
(bits)
QPSKQPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
16QAM QPSK
16QAM & QPSK
Supported Modulations
3630151236302511
2795211510
202511159
144111108
144111107
7298156
7298155
7298254
7298253
7298352
7298351
MaxTB size(bits)
Inter-TTI Interval
Max # ofHS-PDSCH
Codes
Cat
1010
19
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HSDPA boosts Mobile Data Download
780
390
120
40
0 200 400 600 800 1000
DL M
edia
sec.
HSDPAUMTSISDNGPRS
DL object: ~3MB MP3 audio file
Source: Funkschau 2/2005
Only 5% ofGPRS DL time
Observed Average Data Rates::GPRS: 30kbpsISDN: 64kbpsUMTS: 200bkpsHSDPA: 600kbps
WLL Revival:WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
TOP Business AGKlingenhofstrasse 58, D-90411 Nuremberg / Germany
1111
21
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
The “Last Mile” (or the “First Mile”)– Fast local broadband connection to network, <70Mbps,
<30km– Data, voice, videoEvery customer wants it– Business– SoHo– ResidentialEvery operator wants it– Not just telephone & cable companiesHigh-capacity cabling to every user is expensiveWiMAX = “WLL No.2” or “High-speed Wireless DSL”
Broadband Access
22
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
International– 3.5 GHz– 10 GHzU.S.– 2.5-2.7 GHzLicense-Exempt Bands– 5.725-5.825 GHz (“U-NII” in U.S.)– 2.4 GHz ISM-Band
• Wireless LANs– 59-64 GHzLOS – NLOS Problem
Centimeter-Wave Bands
1212
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© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
WiMAX System Architecture
24
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Wired:– 802.3 (Ethernet, 10 Gbps approved in June 2002)– 802.17 (Resilient Packet Ring)Wireless:– 802.11: Wireless LAN
• Local Area Networks– 802.15: Wireless PAN
• Personal Area Networks, incl. Bluetooth, ZigBee, UWB– 802.16: Wireless MAN™
• Metropolitan Area Networks• WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
- 802.20: MB-OFDM• Vehicular Mobility
IEEE 802 – The LAN / MAN Standards Committee
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© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Medium MediumPhysical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Physical
Logical Link Control---------------------------------
Medium AccessControl
UpperLayer
Protocols
OSI ReferenceModel
IEEE 802
~ ~LLC ServiceAccess PointLSAP
Scopeof
IEEE 802Standards
Scope of IEEE 802 Standards
26
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
WiMAX PHY Considerations
OFDM technologySub-ChannelizationDirectional antennasTransmit and receive diversityAdaptive modulationError correction techniques– FEC– ARQPower control
1414
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© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
SummaryManagement andsecurity complexitiesQoS standards not notified
Not yet avaibleNot yet avaibleDrawbacks
Internal building andpublic hot-spot deployments
Designed for portabi-lity, point-to-multipoint
Broad standard, deterministic, point-to-point and point-to-multipoint
Usage Characteris-tics
2,4 GHz and 5 GHz< 11 GHz2-66 GHzFrequencies
Enterprise, serviceproviders
WISPs, serviceproviders, carriers
Enterprise WISPs, service providers,carriers
Target Market
License exemptLicensed (futurePotential for licensedexempt
Licensed and licensedexemptLicensing
11 Mbps – 54 MbpsUp to 15 Mbps in a5 MHz channel
Up to 70 Mbps in a20 MHz channelData rate
300 ft indoor1,500 ft outdoor
Typical cell radius1-3 miles
Up to 30 miles, Typical cell radius3-5 miles
Distance
802.11802.16e802.16dProtocol
Wi-FiWIMAX 802.16eWIMAX 802.16dTechnology
Today’s 802.xy Performance (1)
28
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Today’s 802.xy Performance (2)
1-2 milesUp to 120 milesUp to 10 miles(projected)Distance
Free Space OpticsGigabit EthernetOver Fiber
IEEE 802.20Technology
Limited distancePerformance impactin poor weather
Lack of flexibiltyhigher cost
Slow standards processDrawbacks
Point-to-Point bridging accross short distance
Scalable data rates, reliability
Mobility connectivity at up to 200 mph
Usage Characteristics
N/AN/ABelow 35 GHzFrequencies
Enterprise,service provider
Enterprise, service providerService providerTarget Market
License exemptLicense exemptLicensedLicensing
Up to 1,250Mbps1,000Mbps>1MbpsData rate
Laser (no standard)802.3802.20Protocol
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© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
The Flarion Solution
Flarion solution is centered on– FLASH-OFDM® (FLASH (Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless
Handoff) OFDM® (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing))– FLASH-OFDM is the culmination of a focused design effort to produce
a broadband mobile communications system utilizing standardInternet protocols (IP)
– System is this highly efficient, mobile implementation of OFDM– Flarion's Vector-LDPC® codes - an advanced and efficient forward
error correction code scheme.End-to-end network for mobile operators– includes the RadioRouter® base station product line– wireless modems– embedded chipsets– system softwareAll-IP wireless network supports– broadband data and– packetized voice
30
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Flarion Product Portfolio
1616
TOP Business AGKlingenhofstrasse 58, D-90411 Nuremberg / Germany
HIPERLAN
32
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN Standard (1)
ETSI Standard– European Standard, similar to GSM, DECT, etc.– Enhancement of Local Area Networks– Access to Fixed Networks– Time-critical services integrated from the beginning
HIPERLAN Standards Family– One Standard can not cover all requirements
• Range, Bandwidth, Quality of Service• General Commercial Conditions
1717
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© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN Standard (2)
Specification approach
Physical Layer
Channel AccessControl Layer
Medium Access Control Layer
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Higher Layers
HIPERLAN Layers OSI Layers
34
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN Standards Family
ATM-fixed networksConventional LAN
Interface
155Mbps>20Mbps23.5MbpsData rate
Similar to ATM-fixed networksStatisticQuality of Service
Quasi-stationary<10m/sMobility
Point-to-Point wireless ATMconnections
Radio based access
networks
Access to ATM-fixed networks
Wireless LANApplication
Point-to-PointPoint-to-Multipoint
Cellular, central
Local ad-hoc infrastructure
Topology
17.2-17.3GHz5.1- 5.3GHzFrequency
Not mandatoryYesEnergy-saving arrangements
150m5,000m50-100m50mRange
directionaldirectionalomniomniAntenna
HIPERLAN 4HIPERLAN 3HIPERLAN 2HIPERLAN 1
1818
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© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN 1 Features
Data transfer– Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint, connnectionless– 23,5 Mbps, 1W transmission power, 2,383 Byte packet sizeServices– Asynchronous and temporary services with hierarchically
independent priorities– Compatible with ISO MACAccess topology– Infrastructure or ad hoc-networks– „Forwarding“ (handover) can be integrated in the access nodeOther mechanisms– Energy-saving mode, ciphering, check sum calculation
36
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN 1 – Physical Layer (1)
Standard provides 3 mandatory and 2 optional channels with the corresponding carrier frequencies– Mandatory
• Channel 0: 5,1764680GHz• Channel 1: 5,1999974GHz• Channel 2: 5,2235268GHz
– Optional (not available in some countries)• Channel 3: 5,2470562GHz• Channel 4: 5,2705856GHz
Support of high data rates of 23,5 Mbps requires a lot of energy – fatal for portable equipment– low bit rate header includes all information about the recipient of the
message– Only the concerned receiver activates reception
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© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN 1 – Physical Layer (2)
Frame Structure– LBR (Low Bit Rate) header with 1,4 Mbps– 450 bits for synchronisation– Minimum 1, maximum 47 data blocks of 496 bits each– For mobile station speeds over 1,4m/s the maximum data block rate
must be reduced
Modulation– GMSK for high bit rate, FSK for the LBR-header
Data1Data0SyncLBR Datam-1.......
38
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN 1 Channel Access Control (CAC) Sublayer
Assures that no party accesses on blocked channelsPriority scheme, access via EY-NPMA (Elimination Yield Nonpreemptive Priority Multiple Access)– 5 priority levels define quality of service (QoS)– Quality of service is converted in a prioritiy level using packet
life time– 3 phases: priority definition, competition, transmission
Syn
chro
nis
atio
n
Prio
rity
De
finiti
on
Prio
rity
Ass
ura
nce
Era
sin
g
Era
sin
g C
he
ck
Yie
ld
Pay
loa
d
TransmissionTransmission Priority Definition Competition
2020
39
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
HIPERLAN 2
Application scenarios– Wireless local loop– Wireless access network for Wide Area Network - Completion to
UMTS?
Features– 5,150 – 5,350MHz, 5,470 – 5,725MHz– Data rates up to 54 Mbps– Range: 30m in buildings and 150m outside– Ad-hoc Mode (Direct Mode) and Infrastructure Mode (Centralized
Mode)– Definition of Quality of Service parameters– Definition of energy saving mechanisms
Properties comparable to 5GHz-Standards of IEEE 802.11– HIPERLAN 2 often considered as ETSI counterpart of 802.11
TOP Business AGKlingenhofstrasse 58, D-90411 Nuremberg / Germany
MIMO:Multiple Input – Multiple Output
Technology
2121
41
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MIMO Philosophy
Applying low-power spread spectrum techniques– No interference with existing systemsUtilizing robust modulation schemes– Excellent BERDividing the data stream in space and time and sending it over multiple transmission channels– High spectral efficiency
42
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MIMO Technology (1)
Multiple antennas on Base Station and Mobile Station sides
2222
43
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MIMO Technology (2)
b) shows mobile station with multiple antennas (increased data rate)
44
© TOP Business AG
TT / BKU, DECUS05, V1.0, 28.03.2005
NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MIMO Technology (3)
Diagram shows that BER improves drastically using more antennas (L=4)
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MIMO Technology Implementation
Laptop computer with MIMOantenna systemSpatial distribution of 3 antennas5.2 GHzSpectral Effiency >20 bit/s/Hz– existing systems: ~2bit/s/HzData Rates 20 – 100 Mbps
TOP Business AGKlingenhofstrasse 58, D-90411 Nuremberg / Germany
IEEE 802.11n
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
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Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
IEEE 802.11 Background
Constant increase in data throughput in wireless LAN systems requires also next generation WLANsIEEE and WiFi Alliance workgroups have set goals for this need
100 Mbps200+ Mbps802.11n
25 Mbps54 Mbps802.11a
25 Mbps (when.11b is not present)
54 Mbps802.11g
5 Mbps11 Mbps802.11b
MAC Layer Estimated DataRate
Over-the-Air (OTA) Estimated Data Rate
IEEE WLAN Standard
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Technology Approach (1)
Increasing Physical Transfer RateMIMOSpatial Division Multiplexing SDM (over one spectral channel)Wider bandwidth channels (e.g. 40 MHz)
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Technology Approach (2)
Improving transfer efficiencyNew MAC featuresReduced overhead load (simpler Aggregate Exchange Sequences)Backward compatibility to 802.11a/b/g devicesCompatibility with OFDM modulation schemes
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Standardization Status
At this time, there are 2 different groups working on high throughput data rate:– TGn Sync task group and– WWiSE (World Wide
Spectrum Efficiency)Decision which approach will be followed is due in summer 2005Standard will still require several years for detailed approval
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MB-OFDM:Multi-band Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Use of Multimedia Terminals
At 2008 high-end camera phone withseveral megapixel sensor, several gigabytes of storage, video editing capabilityvideo super distribution capability
Display & print Internet
Fast IP access
Synchronisation, downloading content sharing
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MBOA – MB-OFDM Alliance
Requirements– Coexistence with other wireless systems – Worldwide standard– Outstanding radio performance
The Multi-band OFDM proposal is based on– proven OFDM technology used in IEEE 802.11a/g & WiMAX– Achieves data rates of 53 to 480Mbps– Support for 4 to 16 simultaneous piconets– Spectrum easily sculpted for international regulatory domain
compliance– Is easily extensible for future range/rate improvements
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Coexistence Features
OFDM provides low emission levels – Rec. level ca. –76 dBm/MHz at cellular bands
MB-OFDM enables interference avoidance techniques including transmitter and receiver– Enables avoidance at 528MHz resolution – Sub-carrier nulling easily achieved
MB-OFDM good for narrowband interference mitigation in receivers to deal with spurious emissions in multi-radio devices
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MB-OFDM Key Features
MB-OFDM is robust technology being able to capture the most channel energy MB-OFDM complexity and power consumption are highly understood as based on well-known technology
MB-OFDM is the strongest candidate as a WW standard due to wide industry supportDirectly competes with DS-UWB
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
MB-OFDM Frame Format
Preamble– Deterministic sequence– Allows packet detect and piconet identification
Header– Encoded at 53 Mbps– Contains reserved bits for future extensions
Payload– Coded at 53 to 480 Mbps
Each frame contains multiple OFDM symbols
Preamble PHYHeader
MACHeader HCSTail
BitsTailBits
PadBits
Frame PayloadVariable Length: 0 - 4095 bytes
PadBits
TailBitsFCS
53.3 Mb/sPLCP Header 53.3*, 80, 110*, 160, 200*, 320, 400, 480 Mb/s * - Mandatory Rates
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TOP Business AGKlingenhofstrasse 58, D-90411 Nuremberg / Germany
UWB:Ultra Wide-Band Systems
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UWB Objectives
Effective build-up of wireless ultra high-speed data connections between devices in a Private Area Network (PAN) including– home theater environment without cables – live multimedia content share between televisions – Instantaneously image transfer from a digital camera to another
device– quick synchronization of ultra high capacity digital audio players Transmission range flexible between 100 Mbps and 2 GbpsNo interference with existing wireless systemsLow cost, low power devices for mass market purposesFCC approved– NTIA appoach
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UWB Technology (1)
1.6 1.9 2.4
Bluetooth,802.11bCordless PhonesMicrowave Ovens
GP
S
PC
S
5
802.11a
-41 dBm/MHz“Part 15 Limit”
UWB Spectrum
Frequency (Ghz)
EmittedSignalPower
10.63.1
Frequency range and transmit power limitation– Almost 7,5 GHz of spectrum available– DS-Spread Spectrum technology– Low transmit power avoids interference with coexisting systems
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UWB Technology (2)
7.5 GHz of “free spectrum” in the U.S.– FCC recently legalized UWB for
commercial use– Spectrum allocation overlays existing
users, but its allowed power level is very low to minimize interference
Very high data rates possible– 500 Mbps can be achieved at distances of
10 feet under current regulationsSimple CMOS transmitters at very low power is suitable for battery-operated devicesLow cost
– Integration of more components on a chip (e.g. antennas)
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
Future of UWB
Technology still needs further developmentWorldwide frequency assignments necessaryPromising technology for very short range applications (< 10 m)Promoted in IEEE802.15 (Bluetooth TSG)Best performance for very high throughputProven Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum radio partIn case of mass production, the ultimate solution for home PANs and elimination of wired solutionsNot likely to be used in public applications
UMA:Unlicensed Mobile Access
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMA Key Features (1)
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) technology enables access to GSM and GPRS mobile services over unlicensed spectrum, including Bluetooth™ and WiFi™Highlights of UMA Technology:– Seamless delivery of mobile voice and data services over
unlicensed wireless networks – Provides the same mobile identity on Cellular RAN and
unlicensed wireless networks – Seamless transitions (roaming and handover) between Cellular
RAN and unlicensed wireless networks– Preserves investment in existing / future mobile core network
infrastructure
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMA Key Features (2)
Independent of underlying unlicensed spectrum technology (e.g., WiFi™, Bluetooth™) Transparent to existing, standard CPE devices (e.g. access points, routers and modems)Utilizes standard “always on" broadband IP access networks, e.g., DSL, Cable, T1/E1, Broadband Wireless, FTTH…Security equivalent to current GSM mobile networks No impact to operations of Cellular RAN, e.g., spectrumengineering, cell planning,…
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMA Functional Architechture
UMA Network (UMAN) consists of– one or more access points (AP)– one or more UMA Network Controllers (UNCs)– interconnected through a broadband IP network.
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HSDPA
WiMAX
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MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMAN Architecture Features (1)
New Access Points (AP)– provide the radio link to the mobile station using unlicensed
spectrum.UMA Network Controller (UNC)– UNC appears to the core network as a GERAN Base Station
Contoller (BSC)– Includes a Security Gateway (SGW) that terminates secure
remote access tunnels from the MS, providing mutual authentication, encryption and data integrity for signaling, voiceand data traffic.
A broadband IP network– provides connectivity between the AP and the UNC– IP transport connection extends all the way from the UNC to the
MS, through an APA single interface, the Up interface, is defined between the UNC and the MS
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMAN Architecture Features (2)
Co-existence with GERAN and interconnection with theGSM Core Network (NSS) via the standardized interfaces defined for GERAN:– A Interface for circuit-switched services [TS 48.008]– Gb Interface for packet-switched services [TS 48.018]As in GSM, transaction control, e.g., call processing anduser services are provided by MSC / VLR and SGSN / GGSN.Use of AAA server over the Wm interface as defined by3GPP [TS 29.234]– used to authenticate the MS when it sets up a secure tunnelUMAN shall support simultaneous CS and PS servicesUMAN / GERAN roaming is supported
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HSDPA
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HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMA Mobile Stations
Include dual mode (GSM and unlicensed) radios and the capability to switch between themSupports either Bluetooth (PAN profile) or IEEE802.11Supports an IP interface to the access point– IP connection from the UNC extends all the way to the MS
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
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802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMA Access Points
Provide the radio link towards the mobile station using unlicensed spectrumConnect through the broadband IP network to the UNCProvides Bluetooth (PAN profile) [BTSIG3] or 802.11 accesspoint functionality [802.11]Does not provide any UMA-specific gateway functions, andany generic AP can be used to interconnect the MS to theUNC via the broadband IP network.Handover between APs is possible
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
UMA Access Procedure
Dual mode access to mobile networks
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Summary:Infrastructure Technologies for
NGN
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UWB
UMA
Summary
Revenues: Mobile Voice vs. Data in Western Europe
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
Data revenues
Voice revenues
Year
In billions of €
Source: Siemens Com Mobile Networks, August 2004
Stesses the need for powerful mobile access systems!
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HSDPA
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802.11n
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UWB
UMA
Summary
NGN Access Technologies For Different Usage
Degree of mobility
Stan
ding
Walk
ing
Drivi
ng
User data rate10 Mbps
IEEE802.16a,d
1 100
HSDPA
IEEE802.16e
WLAN(IEEE 802.11a/b/g)
GSMGPRS
DECT
EDGE
FlashOFDM (802.20)
Systems beyond3G >2010??
0.1Bluetooth
UMTS
CDMA
EV-DOEV-DV
WLAN(IEEE 802.11n)
MB-OFDM /UWB
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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UWB
UMA
Summary
IMS - The Convergence Platform of the Future
DSL
3G
2.5G
BroadbandWireless access
Fixed line
Enterprise Consumers
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NextGenerationNetworks –
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HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
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802.11n
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UWB
UMA
Summary
Combined Future: UMTS R-5 Architecture
IP / MPLS Backbone
IP Connectivity Layer
.
Signaling & Data Transfer InterfaceSignaling Interface
IPv6 CoreNetwork
SGSN Router
IP-RAN
CRRM Server
Radio Access Server
Application Servers
GGSN
RANGW
SGSNServer HSS
ServiceEnablingPlatform
IP Multimedia & Messaging
CPS Messaging Servers
OSS &Policy
ServiceCreationEnvironment
BroadbandGW
MediaGW InternetInternet
PSTN PSTN xDSLWLANBRAN
xDSLWLANBRAN
GSM / EDGE
TDMA / EDGE
WCDMA1XEV-DV
GSM / EDGE
TDMA / EDGE
WCDMA1XEV-DV
Control Plane
User & GW Plane
MSS
B-(R)AN OMC
NetwNetw. . MngmtMngmt..
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NextGenerationNetworks –
Mobile Netze der 4.
Generation
Intro
HSDPA
WiMAX
HIPERLAN
MIMO
802.11n
MB-OFDM
UWB
UMA
Summary
The Challenge – Managing Network Complexity
More info...– bernhard.kuhn@topbusinessag.com– www. topbusinessag.com– www.business-interactive.com
3-days Course “4G Mobile Networks”– At TOP Business AG, Nuernberg– At customer’s premises– http://www.topbusinessag.com/e/training/wireless/mob-4g.php
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