Ô nhiễm nước và cách xử lý
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TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHINKhoa Mi Trng
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Danh sch thnh vin nhm 7:
inhTh Mai Trang L ThM Li NguynTh Lan NguynNht Linh NguynThHin
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1. Tng quan v nhimnc: 2. Mt vi cht gy nhimnc
3. S nhimcabmtnc, cchx l. 4. nhim nc ngm v cch x l.
5. Tiu chun cht lng nc 6. X l ncthi
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1.1 Mts khi nim:
nhimnc: l sgimchtlngncc xc nhbi cc tiu chunvt l, ha hc v sinh hc.
Cht nhim l mt vi hpchtvt
qu mc cho php dnn gy hi chosinh vt.
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1.2 Mtsngun gy nhimnc R rtnhngbncha v ngdn,th
thngbthoihocnhngh chn lpchtthi
Trn hoc r r do tai nnNcthithotng nng nghipnhchn
nui, ti tiu S xm nhpmn. Rala v r rnc c tnh axit thotng
khai thc m Siuchnh khng thch hpvicoging Sthmngmca dng chytth, cng
nghip, nng nghip
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Nhngvn lin quan n nhimncbinirt nhanh chng.
Yutctrng
Thi gian tnti
Kch thcbcha
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Cht gy nhim
Chtthi c nhucu xy ha
Sinh vt gy bnh.
Du
Nhit
Lptrm tchChtc
Cht dinhdng
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3.1imngunncmt nhim (pointsources of Surface-water pollution)
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3.2. Ngunbindngcas nhimncmt. (non-point sources of Surface-water
pollution):
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3.3 Gimthiu nhimbmtnc:
Kim sot nhim cng nghip v thnhph thng qua lut .
Mththngcitin c sdngvtliut nhin lm schnc.
B sung chtx l l clo.
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Yutnhhngnmc nguyhim
Lngcht nhim
c tnh
Nng
Mctip xc.
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4.1 So snh tnh trng nhimncngm v ncbmt:
nhimncbmtPha long v phn
tn cc cht nhim oxy sn c v nh sngmt trigp phn lmgim nhanh chng hm
lngcacht nhim
nhimncngmKhnng phalong v phntn ca nhim c gii
hn.Thiu oxy trongnc ngmgit cht visinh vt hiu kh
(cn oxy) c th gipphn hycc cht nhim
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4.2 Trao igiancngm v mitrng xung quanh:
t, trm tch t, v thng qua ncngmi qua nhmt my lct
nhin.Nc c th trao ivtliuvit v
Nubmtt hoc nhim cao hoccha cc yutt nhin
chi cc qu trnh trao it nhin cth lm ncnhimc.
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4.3 Ncmn xm nhp.
Nguyn nhn:
Vicbm v oncngm
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4.4 Xl ncngm:
Bc quan trng lin quan nviciuchnhmtvn nhimncngm l:ctrngacht. (tnh nngnhthm, nhng
llnt, v cc cu trc acht ).
ctrngthyvn. (chiu su ncngm,hng dng chy, v tc dng chy).
Xc nh cc cht gy nhim v qu trnh vnchuyn.
Btu qu trnh x l. (loicht gy nhim,phng php vnchuyn, v cimca mitrngaphng).
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Phng php x l ncngm
Khai thccc ging:
bm v xlbng cch
lc, oxyha,..
Khai thchi: khaithc s
dnghi v
sau xl.
X l sinh
hc: cungcpchtdinh dng,oxy vsvphn hy
cht nhim pht
trin
Nnx lthmthu:
Khuynkhch strung ha
ca cc chtgy nhimbi cc qu
trnh hahc, vt l,
sinh hc
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Tng quan:
Phng php x l c s khcbitgia nngthn v thln:
Nng thn:bnghthngx l thng rc.
thln: ncthithngc thu ththng thot nc.
Ti nguyn ncangbthiuht.Cng nghmicngangc pht trinx l ncthi khngphi l chtthim l mtngun ti nguyn sdng
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6.1B thoixlncthi:
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Yutachtnhhngtichtlngcamththng
bthoi
Loit
Chiu su tngt
su mcncngm
a hnh
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6.2.Nh my xlncthi:
Mc ch :
Lm gim lng cht rn l lng, vi khun voxy cn thit trong nc thi.
B cc dng cht v cc cht v c c hi c
th c.
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X l nc thi hin ti thng c hai hoc
ba giai on:
Giaion s
cp
Giaion th
cp
Giaion
nng cao
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Gii quyt v x l bn:Mc tiu chnh:
chuyn i cc cht hu c ti mtdng tng i n nh
gim khi lng bn bng cch loi bcht lng
tiu dit hay kim sot vi khun gyhi
sn xut cc sn phm c th s dngbn lm gim chi ph bn
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Cch x l:
t.
Chn trong bi rc. Chn lp ci to t . Thi ra ngoi i dng.
6 3 Ci t thi
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6.3 Ci to nc thi:L qu trnh ci to cht lng b nhim.
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6.4 X l nc thi nh khi phc tinguyn:
Qu trnh x l s to ngun ti nguyn nh :
Kh metan ( c th s dng lm nhin liu). Sn xut cy cnh hoc cc cy khc c gi
tr thng mi.
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Ti liu tham kho:
Environmenal geology (Edward A. Keller)
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