МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯФИЗИКА ИТЕРМОДИНАМИКА ·...

КЛОЧКОВ В.В.ЮЛЬМЕТОВ А.Р.АГАНОВ А.В.

МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ ФИЗИКАИ ТЕРМОДИНАМИКА

Конспекты лекций для студентовнефизических специальностей

КАЗАНЬ 2013

≈ ≈

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F = p ,

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= − (− ) = .

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= = ./

⟨ ⟩ = = ,

=

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⟨ ⟩ = .

⟨ ⟩ = ,

= + + … + /

= ⟨ ⟩ = = .

= = + +…+= = ( + + … + ) = + + …+ ,

+ + > <+

− ( + ) = ,

= − .

= ,

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− = .

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− ⋅ .

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⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩ = ( ) .

( )

⟨ ⟩ = / = / .

∶ ⟨ ⟩ ∶ = √ ∶ / ∶ √ = ∶ , ∶ , .

= /( )

( )( ) = ( )

⋅ = / ( ) / / / .

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩⟨ ⟩

⟨ ⟩ = ⟨ ⟩ ,

⟨ ⟩ = √ ⟨ ⟩ .

⟨ ⟩ = ⟨ ⟩ / ⟨ ⟩ = / √ ,

=⟨ ⟩ =

⟨ ⟩ / = ⋅

= − ( / ) ,

/

= ( / ) ⟨ ⟩ ⟨ ⟩ .

> / <

= − ( / ) ,/

= ( / ) ⟨ ⟩ ⟨ ⟩ .

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= ( / ) ⟨ ⟩ ⟨ ⟩ .

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==

=

∑ = +=

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+ = ;

+ = ;

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= = + = + ,

= = + .

⋅ ⋅/ ⋅ / ⋅

>

<

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= ,

= .

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/ =

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= = + = ( + ) .

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= = =

= ≡ ,

/ /= [ ( / )]

= [ ( / )]= = = =

−− − −

−− −

− − −− − − −

<<

=

→ =

=

== = , ⋅

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= /

= /

= .

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= + .

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>

=

=≫

≫

= =<

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=

− =

= − .

= ∼ ( / )

= − − ,

+ ( − ) = .

+ ( − ) = ,

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≫

>

<

= − = + − − .

<>

° °

≫ ≈

=

= , = , ° =

/

≠ ≠ ≠ ≠≠ ≠ = = ° ≠ °≠ ≠ = = = °= ≠ = = = °= = = = ≠ °= ≠ = = ° = °= = = = = °

⟨ ⟩ = ⟨ ⟩ = .

( / )

⟨ ⟩ = ⟨ ⟩ = .

⟨ ⟩ = ⟨ ⟩ + ⟨ ⟩ = .

= = ,

= = , /( ⋅ )

= = ≈ /( ⋅ ) .

= .

≈

= ,

/

> / <

= ,

( )