panca indera.ppt
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Panca InderaAnatomi Fisiologi ManusiaSemester gasal 2012-2013by Rika Yulia
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Special sensesby Rika Yulia*smelltouchhearingtastesight
by Rika Yulia
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by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Special sensesby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Fungsi special sensesMerespon berbagai stimulus
Stimulus : ekternal & internal
Reseptor
Setiap tipe reseptor sensitif u 1 tipe stimulusby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Reseptor by Rika Yulia*
Receptor Type Sense Stimulus Ruffini's endings, Krause end bulbsRadioreceptorHot-coldHeat flowMerkel's and Meissner's endingsMechanoreceptorTouchMechanical displacement of tissueFree nerve endingsChemoreceptorPainTissue damageEyeRadioreceptorSightLightEarMechanoreceptorHearingSound waveOlfactory cellsChemoreceptorSmellChemicalsTaste budsChemoreceptorTasteChemicals
by Rika Yulia
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The eye & vision70% reseptor sensoris terdapat di mataby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Anatomi mataeksternal & accessory structuresDiameter 1 inch (2,5 cm)
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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The accessory structuresby Rika Yulia*Lacrimal apparatusconjunctivaeyelidsExtrinsic eye muscles
by Rika Yulia
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The accessory structuresby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Konjuntiva Membran transparan, melapisi bola mata (eyeball)
Menghasilkan mukus, utk lubrikasi
Conjungtivitis : reddened, irritated eyes
Pinkeye : infeksi, menularby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lacrimal apparatusTerdiri dr lacrimal glands & sejumlah saluran sekresi lacrimal ke nasal cavity
Lacrimal glands : release a dilute salt solution (tears)
Tears eyeballlacrimal canaliculi nasolacrimal duct
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lacrimal by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan lacrimalMensekresi mukus, antibodi dan lisosim
Membersihkan & memproteksi
Sekresi lacrimal (iritasi or emosional): congestion
Nasal cavity mucosa lacrimal dict system : cold or nasal inflammation : inflamasi lacrimal mucosaby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Extrincic eye muscleU pergerakan mata, shg memungkinkan u mengikuti objek yg bergerakby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Extrincic eye muscleby Rika Yulia*
Name Action Lateral rectusMoves eye laterallyMedial rectusMoves eye mediallySuperior rectusElevated eye & turn it mediallyInferior rectusDepresses eye & turn it mediallyInferior obligueSuperior obligue
by Rika Yulia
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Struktur Internal MataEyeball .
Dinding tdr 3 lapisan : fibrous layer (sclera + Cornea), vascular layer, sensory layer
Lensa : the main focus apparatus of the eye
Interior (ruang antara lensa & retina) berisi cairan (vitreous humors) : fungsi pemeliharaanby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Cornea & Scleraby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan organ intrinsikSclera : white of the eye, di bgn dlm, koroid, mgd byk pembuluh darah
Cornea : windows, menerima cahaya, bagian yg paling terpapar
Cornea memiliki kemampuan u repair it self
Cornea merupakan jaringan transplantasi tanpa rejectionby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Vascular layerThe middle layer of the eyeball
Terdiri dr 3 bagian : posterior choroid (bgn dalam sclera), mgd banyak pembuluh darah, dark pigment
Anterior, choroid dimodifikasi mjd 2 btk struktur otot polos (ciliary body) + iris
Iris, terletak di dpn lensa, terdiri dr otot yg dapat melebarkan pupil
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan pupilBekerja spt diaphragm of a camera
Meregulasi jumlah cahaya yg masuk
Cahaya terang, pupil kontriksi
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Iris, pupil, retina, dllby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Sensory layerTwo-layer retina, meluas ke bgn anterior, ke ciliary body
The outer pigmented layer of the retina: tdr dr sel 2 pigmen, dg fungsi :absorbsi & mencegah pembiasan cahaya
Memfagositosis sel2 reseptor yg rusak
Menyimpan vit A
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Retina The transparent inner neural layer of retina : jutaan sel reseptor, sel batang (rods) & sel kerucut (cones)
Photoreceptors : merespon cahaya
Sel batang : segmen luar tipis spt batang
Sel kerucut : segmen bgn dlm tebal & segmen luar sp kerucut
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan retina 6 juta sel kerucut, 120 jt sel batang / mata
Signal listrik melewati photoreceptors, melalui bipolar cells & ganglion optic nerveoptic nervevision
Sel2 photoreceptor terdistribusi diseluruh retina kecuali : optic disc or blind spot
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan retinaBila cahaya dr objek difokuskan ke optic disc ; tdk dilihat
The rods & cones, tdk setiap waktu didistribusikan dlm retina
Rods banyak di perifer, sdkt di pusat retina
Night blindness :
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan retinaCones : memungkinkan melihat dunia penuh warna dlm kondisi terang
Banyak terdapat di center of retina
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lensa Cahaya masuk mata difokuskan ke retina oleh lensa
Waktu muda, lensa, transparan sempurna. Konsistensinya spt jelli. Tua menjadi keras & opaque
Katarak
Faktor lain ; DM, sering terpapar cahaya yh intensif, perokok beratby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan lensaTerdiri dr 2 segmen or chambers
Bagian anterior (aqueous segment): mgd cairan jernih berair (aqueous humor), menjaga tek intraokular, menyediakan nutrisi
Bagian posterior (vitreous segment) : mgd substansi spt gel (vitreous humor), mencegah bola mata collapsing inwardby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Lanjutan lensa Glaukoma : tekanan dalam mata, menekan retina & saraf optic
Timbul nyeri,
Merupakan penyebab blindness pada elderly
Progress slowly, no symptoms
Terapi : eye drops, laser
by Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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Fisiologi melihatMekanisme pembentukan citra
Panjang gelombang cahaya ; 397 723 nm
Citra (image) suatu benda dlm lingkungan difokuskan di
Berkas cahaya yg sampai itu akan mencetuskan potensial dlm sel batang & kerucutby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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lanjutanImpuls yg timbul diteruskan ke kortek sereblum, tjd sensasi penglihatanby Rika Yulia*
by Rika Yulia
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