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PENGEMBANGAN NANOTEKNOLOGI: Prospek dan Aplikasinya Berbasis SDA Indonesia
Prof. Dr. Nurul Taufiqu Rochman, M. Eng., PhD
PENDIRI MASYARAKAT NANO INDONESIA
DEWAN PEMBINA YAYASAN NANOCENTER INDONESIA
PENELITI UTAMA PUSAT PENELITIAN FISIKA LIPI
Indonesia dalam Perspektif
Nanoteknologi
Perkembangan Nanoteknologi di
Indonesia
Tim Fonseca http://www.nanotech-now.com/Art_Gallery/tim-fonseca.htm
Robot sel darah putih berenang dalam
peredaran darah menemukan bakteri/ virus
atau patogen lainnya dan membunuhnya Nanorobot
?
Nano-Nano ?
iPOD Nano ?
NANO RIANTIARNO?
NANOTEKNOLOGI
NANO
Nano Suratno
artist name
Nama Artis?
1 nanometer = 1 per billion meter
1
1.000.000.000 One Billion!!!!!
1 nm = m
50 mikrometer = 50.000 nanometer
Berapa besar ukuran nanometer?
• Ketebalan ukuran kulit gelembung sabun ketika ada warna pelangi sebelum meletus
Ukuran partikel merubah sifat material?
Warna EMAS? Struktur
Arang?
Nanosains dan Nanoteknologi?
Nanosains? Ilmu yang mempelajari tentang sifat-sifat bahan/ objek dan fenomena alam yang terjadi dalam ukuran di bawah 100 nanometer (1 nm =10-9 m).
Nanoteknologi? Ilmu dan teknik menyusun dan
mengkontrol atom demi atom
atau molekul demi molekul
untuk membuat “new world”.
Skala meter VS Skala nanometer
Perbandingan skala meter dan nanometer,
seperti bumi dan bola pimpong.
Selamat datang di dunia NANO…
1 centimeter
100 micrometer
10 micrometer
1 micrometer
100 nanometer
10 nanometer
1 nanometer
DNA; 2-3 nm
MATERIAL NANO: BLOK LEGO
Perbedaan LEGO
Jumlah produk nano yang terdaftar pada data base Inventori
produk konsumen
Produk2 berbasis nanoteknologi
Dewasa ini, banyak produk-produk berbasis nanoteknologi yang telah dijual bebas di Indonesia!
Peningkatan Market Global pada Produk Berbasis
Nanoteknologi
Nanotechnology
Time
Revolution of nanotechnology
Steam Engines
Computers
Railways
Automobiles
(Middle Ages)
Nanotech revolution will give significant societal impact that equals to 4 previous industrial revolutions in relatively short period.
Center for Responsible Nanotechnology www.CRNano.org
Peningkatan Investasi Global pada Nanoteknologi
Pendanaan dunia
melebihi 15 rb
triliun rupiah
Peluang Pengembangan Nanoteknologi
Time (R&D effort)
(EC and FP6, at NRM Conference Roma 2004)
INDONESIA
Nanotech in Indonesia
Nanotechnology development in
Indonesia in brief ~ 2004: Several research centers and Universities have started nanotechnology
researches mainly conducted by young researchers who just came back from abroad.
2004~2005: The State Ministry of Research and Technology started to identify research on nanotechnology.
April 2005: Indonesian Society for Nano or Masyarakat Nano Indonesia (MNI) was established. In order to accelerate development of nanotechnology R&D in Indonesia, MNI has created programs such as workshops, national and international conferences, nanotechnology road show, establishing MOU with universities to collaborate with researches and educate students, also creating information center for nanotechnology via website.
2005~2008: The State Ministry of Research and Technology gave financial support for nanotechnology R&D and then research on Nanotechnology has become significant issue at research centers and universities in Indonesia.
2008~2010: Ministry of Industry in collaboration with MNI made nanotechnology roadmap for supporting National industry
2010-2011: Ministry of Agriculture has started giving research grant for nano and proposes nano-center for foods application.
2012~ 2018 Nanotech era in Industry begins 2020 - Nanotechnology is expected to become national issue
22
Paradigm shift of Nanotechnology Development in Amerika
M.C. Roco, Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology, National Science Foundation,
Chair, U.S. National Science and Technology Council's subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology
(NSET)
Paradigm shift of Nanotechnology
Development in Indonesia
<2005
Before MNI
2005-2008 Transition
2008-2012 Industrial
Roadmap
2012-2018
Nano era in
industry begins
Limited
interest
Limited
information
Limited R&D
NT: Science
fiction
NT
Research
trend
NTExpect
in the future
Start up company
National Issue
Nano activities in Indonesia
Nanotechnology development in Indonesia is getting more active since 2005, where many institutions from several ministries have been involved seriously
Pioneers – Ministry of Research and Technology (LIPI, BATAN, BPPT) – Ministry of Industry (Research Center under MoI) – Ministry of National Education (Universities)
Followers – Ministry of Agriculture (Research Center under MoA) – Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Research Center under MoEMR)
Coming soon – Ministry of Marine and Fishery – Ministry of Environment – Ministry of Justice and Human Right – Ministry of Health – Ministry of Public works
New Policy/New Program/Initiative/
Funding for nanotech in each ministry (1)
• Ministry of Research and Technology (since 2005) – National Research Agenda in White Book (2005-2025): New Priority
Field on Advanced Material and Nanotechnology. – Research grants for development and implementation of
nanotechnology for supporting national industry (2005-2013)Advanced Materials
• Ministry of Industry (since 2008) – Agency for Industrial Research and Development decree
(No.06/BPPI.2/SK/1/2010 regarding Nanotechnology Roadmap for supporting national industry) • Roadmap for Textile & Ceramics industries (2008), Food and Chemical
industries (2009), Polymer Industry (2010) • Assessment of incentive program for national industry which apply
nanotechnology (2010), for down stream of chemical industry (2013) • Research grant for development and implementation nanotechnology for
supporting industry (2008-2010)
New Policy/New Program/Initiative/
Funding for nanotech in each ministry (2)
Ministry of agriculture: Indonesia Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) (since 2010)
– Research consortium on nanotechnology application for fertilizer (2010-2012)
– Development of Nanotechnology for Foods and Agriculture in Indonesian
– Establishment of nanotechnology laboratory for foods and agriculture in fiscal year 2012-2013 with total amount: 5,4 Million USD (3,1 Million USD for Laboratory Equipments and 2,3 Million USD for Infrastructure/Building). )
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
– Research grant for nanotechnology development based on mineral resources (since 2007)
• Etc
Update on Nanotech policy (Funding, new
initiatives, strategy areas etc). Cont’..
Nanotech policy at several universities – University of Indonesia began building center of excellence for nano with budget from private
sector (US $ 500.000).
– Bandung Institute of Technology in collaboration with JICA for Nano-Science development Project (US$ 20 million).
– Sepuluh November Institute of Technology (ITS) proposes Center of excellence including nano-center.
– University of Gajah Mada: allocated budget for nanotechnology infrastructure (TEM etc)
– University of Airlangga allocated budget for nanotechnology infrastructure (TEM etc)
– Padjajaran University established Nanotechnology center for carbon material.
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and BATAN o New budget (US $ 4 million) for Advanced Material and Nanotechnology R&D (2008-2014) and
White book for development strategy on Advanced Material and Nanotechnology at LIPI (2012-2017).
o BATAN (PTBIN) built Nanotechnology Lab with new equipments (AFM, PSA, SEM, etc) in 2011-2012.
Indonesian Society for
Nano
It was established in April 2005 and composed of more than 500 young
researchers from many national research institutions (government
institutions, universities, private sectors) in interdisciplinary of
nanotechnology.
300 Scholarships
20 Students N a n o C l u b
500+ Seminar
Nanotechnology activities
AGES OF NANOTECH EXPERTS Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”
EDUCATION
84,4%
13,9%
1,7%
Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”
AFFILIATION
Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”
EDUCATION BACKGROUND (COUNTRY)
Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”
Fields of nano-R&D in Indonesia
Source: Book of “300 Nanotechnology Experts”
Nano-material
Nano-policy Nano-electronic &
device
Nano-
biotechnology
Nano-chemistry
35% 38% %
Source of technology
11%
local
89% import
Although many industries applied nanotechnology in their products, human
resources for nano-based R&D are still few. This is because, the industries
using import technology in their production. Moreover, the nano-products are
only small portion in the production line.
(150 industries: Textile, Ceramics, Chemistry, Consumer goods, ICT, Automotive, foods)
Conducted by:
The Ministry of Industry and Indonesian Society for Nano
41%
32%
11%11%
5%
Informasi
Teknologi
SDM
Lain-lain
Dana
Problems occurred during the implementation of
nanotechnology in national industry
Information
Technology
Human
Resources
Etc.
Financial
37
Tech
no
log
y p
ush
Sumber daya
Teknologi
proses awal
Produk
teknologi
Industri
Prioritas
Mineral Sumber nabati & hewani SDM
Filtrasi PemurnianSeparasiEkstraksi
Nano-katalis
Nano-poros
Nano-polimerNano-coating
Nano-komposit
Energy Storage and Converter
Superior Material
Super absorbent
Nano-sensor
Time release material
Infrastuktur
Self AssemblyMilling Spay dryer AtomisasiPenguapan Sol-gel
IndustriKonstruksiTekstil
Kimia IndustriOtomotifPangan
Keramik
PT, LPND, Litbang Departemen, Litbang Industri
Presipitasi Elektrolisa
Produk
bahan baku
Nanopartikel
Nano-keramik Nanopartikel logam Nano-poros Carbon nano tube Material berstruktur nano
Finansial
IndustriPolimer
Energi
Ma
rke
t p
ull
FASE 1 FASE 2 FASE 35 th 10 th 15 th
EpitaxyLithography
Smelting
Nano-polishing
IndustriElektronik
Roadmap of nanotechnology development to support
national industry
(push technology and market pull approach)
Indonesia from nanotechnology perspective:
A new way to look into the future of our nation
INDONESIA
Indonesia dikarunia
kekayaan sumber
daya alam termasuk
keragaman hayati
(no 2 di dunia)
Sbg bahan baku
produk nano
Populasi terbesar no
3 di Asia dan no 4 di
dunia ± 275 juta
populasi Potensi
Market
Tanaman untuk Kesehatan (Obat Herbal)
Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza ROXB.)
Source: from many literatures
Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness)
Pegagan (Centella asiatica)
Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.)
Jahe (Zingiber officinale)
Laban Abang (Aglaia odorata)
Kina (Chinchona spp)
Keji Beling (Strobilanthes
crispus)
TANAMAN UNTUK PERAWATAN TUBUH DAN
KOSMETIK
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis
Milleer)
Source: from many literatures
Papaya (Carica Papaya L)
Cananga (Canangium odoratum)
Jasmine (Jasminum sambac
Air)
Seaweed (Zingiber officinale)
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)
Kemuning (Murraya
paniculata)
Langsat (Lansium
domesticum)
SDA Indonesia tanpa diolah diekspor besar2 an dengan harga murah
Impor bahan ½ jadi dari bahan mentah yang kita ekspor
Harga naik menjadi minimum 10 kali lipat hingga 1000 kali lipat
APA YANG SALAH DI NEGARA KITA? Kemampuan mengolah bahan
baku rendah. Strategi pengelolaan bahan alam
menjadi bahan baku lemah.
Industry generated by nanomaterial from Indonesia natural resources
Nanotechnology can increase the value added of Indonesia's natural resources
Who controls raw materials
will win global competition in
the world
Intermediate
process I
Nano
particle
Nano
interm.
particle
Intermediate
process …
Nano
productIntermediate
process I
Nano
particle
Nano
interm.
particle
Intermediate
process …
Nano
product
Simple ComplexTechnological level
Rp 10 rb~10 jt/kg
Rp 100 rb~100 jt/kg
Rp100 rb~100jt/kg
Rp100 rb~100jt/kg
Luther, Wolfgang, International Strategy and Foresight Report on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2004).
Peningkatan tren pemakaian nanopartikel selama
periode 2005 - 2010
Sumber bahan baku untuk nanopartikel dari tanaman herbal
• Nanopartikel dapat dibuat dengan berbagai ukuran dengan fungsi tertentu dari bagian-bagian tanaman seperti:
– Pohon, Tangkai daun,
– Akar,
– daunleaves,
– buah,
– Bijih dlsb
Inte
rnat
ional
Journ
al o
f H
erbal
Med
icin
e 2016;
4(3
): 2
1-2
7
KUNYIT
Nanopartikel Kunyit
IMPAK NANO
Kulit Manggis
Nanopartikel kulit manggis
IMPAK NANO
NANO JAHE, NANO SPIRULINA, NANOTEMULAWAK, NANOBERAS, NANOSAMBILOTO
Nanopartikel Kitosan dari limbah cangkang udang
For Cosmetics (anti aging, sun screen etc)
Wound Healing
Drug Delivery
Anti bacteria
crustaceans
Development and production of nanoherbal materials
Nano-propolis, nano-spirulina, nano-ginseng, nano-curcumin, nanotongkat ali, etc.
Nano Herbal Commercialization
IRON SAND
NANOTECH IMPACT
Black Oxide Nanoparticle for
Toner
Red Oxide Nanoparticle for Coating anti-corrosion
Karang Laut
Bahan baku Nanokalsium organik
IMPAK NANO
Dengan Nanoteknologi SDA kita dapat
ditingkatkan nilai tambahnya secara signifikan
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Super slim Laptop
Rp. 10.000.000,-
The value of
nanotech
5 ton curcuma: Rp 10,000,000,-
5 kg curcuma nanoparticle
Rp 10,000,000,-
Smart and compact HP
Rp. 2,000,000,-
The value of
nanotech
Mangosteen rind
nanoparticle
1 kg: Rp. 2,000,000,-
58
“The (nano) tsunami is gaining height “,
Tim Harper, Cientifica
APLIKASI NANOTEKNOLOGI BERBASIS SDA INDONESIA
(Farmasi, Kosmetik dan Kedokteran Gigi)
In recent year, there is a global interest to “back to nature” relating to safety issue.
Research on medicinal plants has attracted a lot of attention globally. A number of evidence has been demonstrate promising potential of medicinal plants used in the maintenance of personal health and well-being
WHO estimated 80% of world population uses herbal preparation and noted that 119 plants are with efficacy and used in making modern medicines
74% of those plants are used in the modern medicines the same way they use in the traditional medications
TREN GLOBAL DALAM DUNIA
HERBAL
medicinal plants will, seemingly, continue to
play an important role as an health aid.
• The Health Applications and cosmetics industry was among the first to implement nanotechnological principles in product development. Of 1814 registered nanotechnology-based products on the global market in 2013, more than 12% were classified as products for cosmetic use [Woodrow Wilson Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies]
Penerapan Nanoteknologi pada industri kesehatan dan kosmetik termasuk yang pertama
OKSIDA LOGAM (TiO2 dan ZnO) untuk Produk2 Kosmetik
Aktor utama industri nano
117
83
462
388
0 100 200 300 400 500
Jumlah aktor nanoteknologi global
Industri besar
Ventur bisnis
Strat up/ IKM
Institusi riset/
Universitas
Sumber: Publikasi Cientifica 2003
Phytomedicine 15: 23–30 (2008)
Enhanced antioxidant bioactivity of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen)
products prepared using nanotechnology
Liu et al, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Goal: to compare the antioxidant activities of medicinal plant materials prepared using nanotechnology or traditional grinding methods.
Results: Stronger antioxidant bioactivities were observed for the extracts prepared using nanotechnology. It suggested that the release of the constituents will be more rapid and more complete in nanotechnology preparations compared to those prepared using the traditional methods.
1. Bioaktifitas antioksidan Tanaman Taiwan Danshen dengan nanoteknologi
DPPH radical scavenging activity Concentration differences of salvianolic
acid
Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2007, 5:3 Polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin ("nanocurcumin"):
a novel strategy for human cancer therapy Bisht et al, University of Delhi, India
Goal: to improve the solubilty of hydrophobic curcumin by nanoparticle-based drug delivery approaches
Results: Nanocurcumin, unlike free curcumin, is readily dispersed in aqueous media. Nanocurcumin demonstrates comparable in vitro therapeutic efficacy to free curcumin against a panel of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Further, nanocurcumin's mechanisms of action on pancreatic cancer cells mirror that of free curcumin.
2. Enkapsulasi nanopartikel kunyit: Strategi baru untuk terapi kanker
Solubility difference Nanocurcumin inhibits the clonogenic potential of
pancreatic cancer cell lines
PLANTS EXPLORED: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness)
It is an herbaceous plant, commonly known as „King of Bitters”, in the family
Acanthaceae. It is widely cultivated in sourthern Asia. It has been traditionally used over
the centuries for many medicinal pusposes, particularly for diabetes therapy
A.
paniculata Nano-extracts
In this study, we are trying to prepare the plant material in nanoscale system and
investigate the influence of the size on its pharmacological activity by in vitro
analysis (enzyme inhibition and insulin secretion analysis).
Size distribution analysis by PSA
Mean diameter: 150 nm
This study is just in early stage, therefore need many collaborations, particularly for investigation the difference of
activity when the plants is prepared in nano-scale system.
3. Aplikasi nanoteknologi untuk peningkatan efisiensi tanaman
obat untuk terapi diabetes Dr. Etik et all BPPT
4. Nanoencapsulasi ekstrak herbal dan formulasi pada produk kosmetik
(Joint Research Collaboration: BPPT and National Cosmetic Industry)
GOAL:
a) Development of method for preparing nanoherbal extracts
b) Evaluation of the improvement activity
c) Application study in cosmetic products
PLANTS EXPLORED:
1. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) herbs:
2. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) shell:
Research Members: Eriawan R, Susi K., and Idah R.
Mangosteen
Pegagan
Cosmetic formulation Nano-
extracts
Bacteria inhibition
activity
5. Nanoencapsulasi vitamin dan formulasi pada produk kosmetik
(Joint Research Collaboration: BPPT and National Cosmetic Industry)
GOAL: a) Development of method for preparing vitamin A ester with high efficacy
as antiageing agent by encapsulation in chitosan nanoparticles b) Evaluation of the improvement activity c) Application study in cosmetic products (antiageing topical cream)
BIORESOURCES EXPLORES:
Chitosan (deacetilated chitin; from shrimp shell)
Research Members: Etik M, Sjaikhurrizal EM., and Damai RS
Nanoencapsulated Vit A (size ± 130 nm)
In vitro diffusion profile (using mouse skin)
0
3
6
9
12
15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Waktu (jam)
% R
ele
ase
Sample 1
Sample 2
Cream formulation
Chitosan
Nanotech in dentistry
Nanotech in dentistry
Nanotech in dentistry
Tim Fonseca http://www.nanotech-now.com/Art_Gallery/tim-fonseca.htm
Nanotech in dentistry
Nanotech in dentistry
Nanoteknologi menjadi harapan baru bagi negara-negara berkembang yang
memiliki kekayaan SDA. Dengan sentuhan nanoteknologi, SDA Indonesia
dapat ditingkatkan nilai ekonominya secara signifikan.
Lalu bagaimana mengakselerasi penerapan Nanoteknologi di
Indonesia?
-Ilmuwan yang berjiwa entrepreneur
-Hasil Invensi/paten/ temuan yang berdampak
-Mitra Industri dan networking yang luas
-Sinergisitas dan kerjasama yang solid antara ilmuwan dan para pelaku usaha
PENUTUP
NANOTEKNOLOGI:
KERETA TERAKHIR INDONESIA!!!
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