persian and peloponnesian wars. persian war 490-479 bce ● causes o persia takes over ionia o...
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Persian and
Peloponnesian Wars
Persian War
490-479 BCE●Causes
oPersia takes over
Ionia
oAthens aids Ionia:
angers Persians
oPersia (under Darius)
puts down revolt:
vows revenge against
Greece
Persian War
●Major PlayersoDarius, king of
Persia
oXerxes, son of
Darius, who took
over in 480 BCE
oPersia v. the mostly
united Greek city-
states
Persian War – Major Battles
●Marathono25,000 Persians
defeated by 10,000
Athenians.
oMarathon sent runner
to warn city of
Athens
oPheideppides ran 26
miles, collapsing as
he enters city
Persian War – Major Battles
●Thermopylae-Dramatized
in the Movie 300oXerxes meets Greek
soldiers in narrow
mountain pass
oSmaller Greek armies
hold off Persians for
several days
o300 Spartan soldiers
defend pass as others
retreat
oSpartan soldiers sacrifice
to save fellow Greeks
Persian War – Major Battles
●Battle at SalamisoAthenians convinced to
battle Persians on SeaoAfter burning Athens,
Xerxes sent warships to block narrow sea passage
oSmaller, more maneuverable Greek ships defeat Persian navy
oPersians defeated by combined efforts of Greek city-states
Consequences of the Persian War
●Greeks gain sense of
Nationalism●Athens becomes leader
of a new alliance =
Delian League
●Athens enters ‘Golden
Age’●Tensions between
Athens & Sparta grow
The Peloponnesian War
431 – 404 B.C.
Peloponnesian War - Causes
●Athens gains power through Delian League
●Sparta resents Athens’ influence: forms alliance (Spartan Alliance) of like-minded city-states
●Hostilities grew until war declared
Peloponnesian War – Major
Players●Athens & Members
of Delian League
●Sparta & her allies
●Peloponnesian War
is an Ancient Greek
equivalent of a Civil
War
Peloponnesian War – the
Beginning●Sparta = superior
military
●Athens = superior Navy
●Because of wealth, Athens had nearly unlimited supplies
●Sparta needed
HELP!!
Athens
Sparta
Sparta gains an advantage
●Sparta turns to –
Persia●Navy > Ionia
●Athens falls prey to plague = kills 1/3 population
●Spartan navy defeats Athens in two major battles:
oa battle near Sicily ofinal defeat near the city-
state of Syracuse.
Peloponnesian War -
Consequences●Sparta defeats Athens,
however…
●Sparta unable to rule
Greek –city states
●Other city-states will
attempt to rule but fail
●Greece conquered by
Philip II, king of
Macedonia & by his
son, Alexander the
Great
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