philosophical background

LISSA LYNNE O. ABENOJA, MBA 02

Some Question we AskWhat is Philosophy?What is Ethics?Divisions of PhilosophyEthics and MoralityEthics as Normative Science (3

categories of Ethics)The Moral Sense in Us (Saint Thomas

Aquinas and Freud’s theory

The Ethics in Business15 elements of Leadership

PhilosophyHistory of Business Ethics

“What is the meaning of existence?” "What does life mean?” "Did I have any existence before I

was born?” "Is there life after death?" “Does God exist?” “What is the meaning of existence?”

80% of people in the world presume that it is a waste of time to think through things the way philosophers have done……

To philosophize is to articulate and express our personal reactions to the mystery which we call life, both with regard to the nature of that mystery and with regard to its meaning and purpose.

We want to understand out of everything we see, touch and feel.

To understand deep meanings of seemingly simple things

We philosophize for the same reason that we move and speak and laugh and eat and love. We breathe because we cannot help breathing and we philosophize because we cannot help philosophizing..

WHAT IS

PHILOSOPHY

Greek words philos-sophia meaning:• love (philos) • wisdom (sophia)

Philosophy-LOVE OF WISDOM

Philosopher---LOVER of WISDOM

seeks to understand the mysteries of existence and reality

examines the relationship between humanity and nature Individual and society

Philosophy

Philosophy• form of inquiry – a process of analysis, criticism, interpretation and speculation

• Reflect, think, analyze the content of one’s thought.

WHAT IS

ETHICS

Practical science of morality of human acts.

Study of human conduct from the standpoint of morality

Normative scienceA science which lays down the

principle of right livingScience of human acts with

reference to right and wrong

Cosmology-studies the origin, evolution and fate of universe

Metaphysics- nature of mind, self, and consciousness

Ontology- deals with the nature of existence of things and status of reality

Psychology- study the nature of the soul of the person

Theodicy- study the nature, being and attributes of God

Epistemology- addresses the philosophical problems surrounding the theory of knowledge

Semantics- study the meaning of words and its linguistic forms

Axiology-study value of judgments or worthiness

Aesthetics- study of beauty and artLogic-deals with nature of thinking

and reasoningEthics- investigate the nature of the

human act or human conduct

Studies and describes the morality of a people, culture and society

Closely related to anthropology, sociology and psychology

Examples are: Psychological egoism and cultural relativism

Involves moral judgment based on ethical norm or theory.

3 task of normative ethics are: Formation of related whole from various

norms, rules and values of society's morality

Finding basic principle from the particular norm

Justifying ethical norm or moral principle

Concerned with the meaning of philosophical language and moral propositions. This means that the focus is on the grounds used to justify moral judgments rather than on making moral judgments.

Sense of morality is gift from the Creator

Man is a moral being with a moral sense

Knows the distinction between what is good and bad

•Born at Rocca Secca in the Kingdom of Naples, 1225; died at Fossa Nuova, 7 March, 1274. •Italian philosopher, theologian, and priest•Prince of Scholastics

“The Study of philosophy is not that we may know what men have thought, but what the truth of things is. ”

Man can distinguish what is good and what is bad

Man has the obligation to do good and avoid evil

Man has the accountability on his action

Sigmund Freud (German pronunciation: ), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis

“Analysis does not set out to make pathological reactions impossible, but to give the patient's ego freedom to decide one way or another”.

Man must learn to control inborn desires

Man must achieve fulfillment in ways that are harmonious with others

Superego- Social rules and values of the society that govern one’s behavior

Ego- rational or conscious self

Id- irrational part in us or the unconscious instinct

Sigmund Freud and what really on his mind is

A business (also known as enterprise or firm) is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers for profit.

The Myth of Amoral Business-business is concerned primarily with profit . Businessmen are not concerned with ethics.

They are not unethical or immoral, rather they are amoral

Business is not structured to handle questions of value and ethics; managers has no training in business school.

The breakdown of the Myth of Amoral Business:

1.By reporting of scandals and the concomitant public reaction to these reports.

2.Formation of popular groups-environmentalist and consumerists

3.Concern of business in ethics

Shareholder theory is understood to be an encapsulation of the views advanced by Milton Friedman (1970) “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.”

'Theory Of The Firm‘

A microeconomic concept founded in neoclassical economics that states that firms (corporations) exist and make decisions in order to maximize profits. Businesses interact with the market to determine pricing and demand and then allocate resources according to models that look to maximize net profits. 

Business activity is human activity and can be evaluated in moral point of view.

Business presupposes a background of morality:

▪ Employers expect their employees not o steal from the firm

▪ Parties to a contract honour an agreement▪ Co-workers expecting each other to tell truth,

respect rather than assault them

Business ethics- the interaction of ethics and business. It is a national, international, or global as business itself

the application of everyday moral or ethical norms to business.

1. Applying of general ethical principles to particular cases or practices in business.

2. Methaethical-aka analytical ethics concerned with analysis

3. Analysis of the presuppositions of business- both moral presuppositions and presuppositions from a moral point of view.

4. Going beyond other areas of philosophy and into other domains of knowledge

5. Describing morally praiseworthy and exemplary actions of an individual in business or firm.

DE LA SALLE – HEALTH SCIENCES INSTITUTEVISION – MISSION STATEMENT

Vision

We envision De La Salle Health Sciences Institute as a world class, 

God-centered health institution committed to achieving the 

highest quality of life and equity in health for our people.

Mission

De La Salle Health Sciences Institute shall be a leading institution of excellence in health professions education, health care and research.

We shall nurture life-long learning, competent teaching,compassionate holistic healing and scientific inquiry.We shall produce God-loving, person-oriented and patriotic health professionals in the spirit of St. John Baptist De La Salle.

Through visionary leadership, careful stewardship and synergy with global and local partners,we shall continuously catalyze the spiritual, social and economic transformation of our communities and country.

Values

Spirit of Faith,Zeal in Service,

Communion in MissionReverence for Life

Lasallian Prayer

"I will continue O my God to do all my actions for the love of Thee”

1. Leadership is all about relationships.2. Leaders need to understand the organization’s

business, operation and goals.3. Leaders must have knowledge – and diversity of it.4. Leaders must have a vision and be able to

communicate and move followers to understand and “buy into” the vision.

5. Leaders must understand and consider how decisions will affect the “big picture” later down the road.

6. Leaders are teachers and coaches.7. Leaders must know how to communicate.

8. Leaders must treat everyone with respect.9. Leaders must earn and be able to maintain the respect

of the followers.10. Leaders must give openly and unquestionably.11. Followers need to know how a task will benefit them.12. Motivation comes from the individual, NOT the leader.13. There is enough success for everyone. 14. Be honest. Have integrity.15. Be organized.

Above all a leader must be God loving and God centered person

15 Elements of Leadership Philosophy(Paul Gerhardt, Jr.)

If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization

Robert Noyce, inventor of the silicon chip

French, Peter A. 1995, Corporate Ethics, Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace.

Friedman, Milton. 1970, “The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits,” New York Times Magazine

De George, Richard T. (1999) Business Ethics 4th Ed. Saint Thomas Aquinas: Philosophy and Work-www.

Infoplease.com Business Ethics, Fr. Floriano Roa Singer, Peter (1994) Ethics www.wikipedia.com www.google.com http://www.businessballs.com/

ethical_management_leadership.htm