political history of the philippines

GAUDENCIO “YARI” N. ANDAYA JR. BSN, MPA

DPA 102 Philippine Administrative System 2nd Semester 2011-2012Professor : Jo B. Bitonio, DPA Lyceum Northwestern UniversityDagupan City

POLITICAL HISTORY of the PHILIPPINES

Prehistoric PhilippinesDatus, Rajahs and SultansSpanish colonyCrown Colony

Philippine Revolution

La Liga FilipinaJose RizalMarcelo H. del PilarGraciano López JaenaMariano PonceLa Solidaridad

KatipunanAndres BonifacioGregorio del PilarMelchora Aquino

Spanish-American War

First Philippine Republic

Emilio AguinaldoApolinario Mabini

Pedro PaternoMariano Trias

Philippine-American War

American territoryUS Military Governor: Arthur MacArthur, Jr.

Commonwealth of the Philippines

Quezon, Manuel L.

Republic of the Philippines

Third Republic of the Philippines

Manuel RoxasElpidio Quirino

Ramon MagsaysayCarlos P. Garcia

Diosdado Macapagal

Martial Law Era

Ferdinand MarcosBenigno Aquino, Jr.EDSA Revolution

Fifth Republic of the PhilippinesCorazon AquinoFidel RamosJoseph EstradaEDSA IIGloria Macapagal-ArroyoBenigno Aquino III

Philippine System of Government and Politics

From the time when the Philippines declared itself a sovereign state in 1898, the nation has had four major constitutions:

(1) the 1899constitution, which established the first republic in Asia;

(2) the 1935constitution, which served as the basic law during the period of self-government while the Philippines was still under American rule and after it became independent in 1946;

(3) the 1973 constitution, which allowed Ferdinand Marcos to continue to hold office as president; and

(4) the 1987 constitution, upon which the present government is based, which essentially restored institutions and processes dismantled by Marcos during his regime

The Executive Branch As chief executive, the president has the power to

execute laws. The president is assisted by a cabinet, which

currently comprises twenty-three departments. Among the more important departments

are Foreign Affairs, National Defense, Finance, Interior and Local Government, Justice, and Trade and Industry.

Both president and vice president are elected at large for a six-year term with no possibility of reelection.

The executive branch consists of the President and his Cabinet. The Senate and the House of Representatives make up the bicameral legislature. The Supreme Court heads the systems of courts under the judicial branch.

The Legislative Branch  The Philippine Congress is a bicameral body, the upper

house being the Senate and the lower house being the House of Representatives.

These two houses possess equal power, although budgetary bills must originate in the lower house, while treaty ratification rests exclusively with the upper house.

Congress consists of a 24-member Senate and a 250-member House of Representatives. The voters of the entire nation elect senators to six-year terms.

Voters from different districts elect 200 of the representatives to three-year terms. The remaining 50 representatives are selected from lists drawn up by the political parties to ensure representation of women, ethnic minorities, and certain economic and occupational groups.

The number selected from each party's list is about one-fourth of the number of the party's elected representatives. All Philippine citizens who are at least 18 years old may vote.

The Judiciary Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and in the lower courts.

Members of the judiciary are chosen by the president from a list of nominees provided by the Judicial and Bar Council, a constitutional body composed of representatives from the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, the legal profession, and the private sector.

Once appointed, judges have secure tenure and can serve until the age of seventy or until they become incapacitated.

Constitutional Commissions 

The constitution also provides for independent constitutional commissions, namely, the Civil Service Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit.

Local Governments The lowest political unit in the Philippines is the barangay (village).

The barangay is administered by a council headed by a punong barangay (chairperson).

Several barangays make up a city or municipality.

Administrative subdivisionsThe Philippines is divided into a hierarchy of local government units (LGUs) with the province as the primary unit. As of 2007, there are 81 provinces in the country.

International organization participationThe Philippines is a founding and active member of the UN since its inception on October 24, 1945 and is a founding member of the  ASEAN.

Islam Influence on the Political System

Islam has a great influence on the political system of the natives in the Southern Philippines. The sultan of the Muslim community is still the sultan of Muslim provinces.

The Philippine Administrative System

The administrative system of the Republic of the Philippines is comprised of a central government and its territorial and political subdivisions, which enjoy local autonomy: the provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays

Politics of the Philippines

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