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Extended Mast Terminal for Lightning Protection System Improvement
on transmission Lines in Indonesia
Prof.Dr. Reynaldo ZoroLightning Research CenterSchool for Electrical Engineering and InformaticsInstitut Teknologi Bandung – ITBBandung - Indonesia
Content
• Introduction • Lightning Data• Lightning Protection System • Experience on Improvement of LPS for HV and EHV
lines
Indonesia; Maritime ContinentSt. Petersburg, Rusia
Java Island & Bali
Bali IslandEast Java
Overvoltage due to Lighnting at Transmission Lines
Improvement of LPS
Conventional
• Grounding System• Ground Wire • Insulators• Surge Arrester & Transmission
LineArrester
Grounding System….
7
Natural Grounding
• Using the additional iron bar inside the fondation structure
• According to IEC 62305 – 1 / 2006
GROUNDING IMPEDANCEGROUNDING IMPEDANCE
Overhead Ground Wire….
11
THREE OHGW 275 kV Lines
12
Insulators….
13
BACK FLASHOVER ON TRANSMISSION LINE
TOWERBackflashover voltage :
Vin = R.i + L.di/dt
050
m675.3
m35.3
m45.3
m575.3
m4.5
m5.6
Disc1816
m5.7
m5.6
Disc1816
Disc1816 m5.44
'R
'S
'T
Tipycal Configuration of EHV 275 kV Lines
Removed and installation of tower insulator at Tower 130 L1 & 2 (20 disc) on 25 & 26 June 2002
TOWER no. 103 at 500 kV line Sub. Kediri – Sub. Paiton
18
Installation of TLA with MOA at 150 kV Line
PROTECTION DISTANCE
SURGEARRESTER; L = (Ut – Ua). v
2.( x di/dt) L (meter)Ut BIL Transformer (kV)Ua Voltage Discharge SA (kV)
du/dt = x di/dt (kV/us)di/dt Steepness of impuls current (kA/us) Surge Impedance (ohm)
Protection Distance of Arrester at HV 150 kV Substations
L1
L2
Ltotal = L1 + L2
LIGHTNING DATA….
22
EHV Lines 500 kV JAVA - BALI
24
Lightning Flash Density di Java IslandRecorded by Indonesian LDN
Arus Puncak Petir
Prob
abilit
as
4
5
Statistic of Lightning Current in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Area
Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland : (1) petir pertama total, (2) petir negatif, (3) petir positif. Indonesia by Reynaldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu : (4) petir negatif, (5) petir positif
26
4
5
Kecuraman Arus Petir
Probabilitas
2
1
Statistic of steepness of lightning current in tropical dan sub-tropical area
(1) Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland. (2) Indonesia by Reynaldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu
Summary of lightning characteristic in Indonesia
Lightning Characteristic Negative Polarity Positive Polarity
Peak Current( i )
Maximum T. Perahu 280 kA 298 kA
Jawa Barat 335 kA 392 kA
Probability 50 % 40 kA 18 kA
Average 41 kA 30 kA
Steepness Maximum (kA/s) 119 120
(di/dt) Probability 50 % (kA/s) 30 20
Flash Density (strikes/km2/year) 4,1 – 12,4 1,5 – 3,8
Flash Density total (strikes/km2/year) 7,9 – 15,5
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM ….
28
INSTALLATION OF EXTENDED MAST TERMINAL (EMT)
FOR TOWER PROTECTION ….
29
Vin = R.i + L.di/dt
Figure 1. Lightning Strikes around EHV lines 500 kV Paiton Kediri (square : higher lightning density) & location of research towers.
Lightning Strikes around EHV lines 500 kV Paiton Kediri (square : higher lightning density) & location of research towers.
TOWER 353
TOWER 103
EMT on 500 kV Paiton-Kediri (as extended mast)
Proteksi Tower 500 kV dengan EMT
Result of Magnetic Tape Peak Current Measurement
Tape Type I II Chrom IV FerroT erased
(s) 0 0.74 0.667S erased
(cm) 0 3.552 0.667Peak Current
(kA) 8.23 12.656 7.77
05/07/23 courtessy of Dr. Ir. Reynaldo Zoro 36
Result of Measurement (temporary results)
NONO DATEDATE CURRENT (kA)CURRENT (kA)
11 6 February 20076 February 2007 2626
22 12 February 200712 February 2007 3838
33 15 March 200715 March 2007 2828
44 14 November 200714 November 2007 5454
55 16 December 200716 December 2007 4646
66 8 January 20088 January 2008 2222
77 28 February 200828 February 2008 2828
88 19 November 200819 November 2008 3333
Insulator Broken Data compare to Severity Index
No Nomor Severity Isolator Menara Index Pecah
1 97 13.508 25 2 101 12.870 27 3 23 12.793 9 4 98 12.461 6 5 250 12.342 7 6 103 11.895 17 7 324 11.753 4 8 102 11.658 26 9 104 11.577 3
10 22 11.031 14 11 455 10.967 0 12 24 10.583 4 13 249 10.453 2 14 454 10.103 1 15 477 10.047 1 16 443A 9.975 5 17 353 9.937 1 18 471 9.865 4 19 325 9.809 2 20 446 9.705 2 21 235 9.669 0 22 447 9.584 1 23 245 9.545 0 24 248 9.497 0 25 234 9.466 0
H = 376 m
Double shielded down conductor1 x 70 mm²
Lightning Rod Isolated from the Tower
Bordes for Measuring & Maintenance
Foundation Grouding & Counterpoise
Conclusion• Lightning Protection System using Extended Mast Terminal is a new
innovation compared to the conventional protection used used at transmission lines.
• Lightning strike on Extended Mast Terminal will prevent lightning current parameter to “read” the towers parameters. The lightning current will only flow inside double shielded down conductor cable which has very low inductance value ( < 0.03 microHenry/meter) and it will reduce the tower voltages due to the steepness of the lightning current and reduce also the voltage stress accros the insulators and prevent back flashover.
• Installation of Extended Mast Terminal at tower 353 and 103 on 500 kV EHV lines Paiton-Kediri prevent back flashover that lead to the insualtors damages. No broken insulators were found after installing the EMT on tower 353 and 103 since early 2007.
• Lightning strikes data collected during period of 2007-2008 indicate that the installation of EMT have protected the tower from lightning direct strikes.
Thank You….
41
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