preliminary findings dvaw pakistan - rutgers.international · jacobabad 237,150 754 800 7 18...

Objective:� Prevalence of domestic Violence against women in

PGRN districts of Pakistan.� Men’s perception about VAW in their respective

districts and their role in stopping violence.Research Design� QUAL / QUAN Design (Qualitative & Qualitative

Design)� Cross sectional Design� Focus Group discussion

Tools & Pre testing� Consent Form

� DVAW Questionnaire (WHO multi country study version 9).

� Basic information

� Violence by intimate partner

� Injuries due to violence

� Impact and coping

� Other experiences of life

� Recommendation for a safe place

Sample Size� Reported prevalence of domestic violence in Pakistan

= 65% (Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 2004)� Margin of error = 5%� Power of study = 80%� Confidence level = 95%� Design Effect = 1.7� Non response rate = 25%� Ratio of urban /rural household as same as ratio of

urban/rural Ucs.� 4,513Focus Group Discussion� Six FGDs: One/district with 78 males of local community

Sampling Technique� Multi stage Random Sampling� Selection of Urban Rural UCs� Selection of Enumeration block and villages out of

Urban rural UCs� Random selection of household

Ethical approval from Hope (IRB approved ethical board)

Data Collection

� Urdu translation� Content added� Marriage customs� Honor Killing� Sex selective abortion� Access to health care services� Recommendations to improve the situation

� Pre testing in slums of Islamabad� Content� Language� Duration of interview� Interview setting criteria� Ethical consideration for data collection team training

� Team composition� Six female Interviewers per district� One male Supervisor

� Trainings� Two trainings for 2 days on sensitization and data

collection (Jacobabad & Muzaffergarh).

� Monitoring� Field Visits

� Data entry & Cleaning: � SPSS Version 13

� Balochistan� Jafferabad: Society for community Organization and

Promotion of Education (SCOPE)� Naseerabad: The National Education & Environment

Development (NEED)

� Punjab� D.G.Khan: Al–Asar Development Organization (ADO)� Muzaffergarh: Social Youth Council of Patriots (SYCOP)

� Sindh� Jacobabad: Community Development Foundation (CDF)� Kashmore: Kainat Development Association

District No. of Females ≥ 18

Samplesize

FinalSample size

No. of EBs (Urban)

No.ofvillages

Muzaffargarh 79,050 751 800 3 22

D.G.Khan 45,900 749 800 3 22

Jacobabad 237,150 754 800 7 18

Kashmore 216,750 754 800 6 19

Jafferabad 169,736 753 800 5 20

Naseerababd 90,689 753 800 2 23

839,275 4,513 4800 25 124

Sex selective abortion

Abortion

Violence during

pregnancy

Child Sexual Abuse

Parents in abusive

relationship

Leaving house

Honor Killing

Prevalence of Violence

Women Health

Social Context

Impact and Coping

Recommendations by women

Variables Median RangeAge 32 18-83Age at Marriage 16 9-37

No. of childrenBoysGirls

422

1-181-111-10

Husband age 38 18-90Family Income in PKR 6000 1000 - 100,000

Variables n %

Ever married 4885 100

No Schooling 3102 63. 5

Husband alive 4539 93

34%

60%

5,800% ,740%,340% Percentage

< = 1516-2021-2526-37No information

n= 4885

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

PhysicalViolence

SexualViolence

PsychologicalViolence

Any form ofViolence

75,000%66,000%

80,000% 84,000%

Physical Violence Sexual Violence Psychological Violence Any form of Violence

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

PhysicalViolence

SexualViolence

PsychologicalViolence

Any form ofViolence

73,600%58,100%

72,100% 81,300%

Physical Violence Sexual Violence Psychological Violence Any form of Violence

25%

23%

22%

23%

23%

24%

24%

25%

25%

26%

15 > Sexual Violence < 15 Sexual Violence

15 > Sexual Violence

< 15 Sexual Violence

n= 4885

,700%2,900%

24,710%

1,500%4,600%

3%

12,300%10,300%

19,700%

2,500%3,900%4,800%

8,900%

,000%

5,000%

10,000%

15,000%

20,000%

25,000%

30,000%

n= 1121

75%

64%

44%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Physical Violence Injury Injuries during 12months

Percentages Physical Violence

Injury

n= 3665

25%

11,200%

62,500%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Sometime Always Never

PercentagesSometime

Always

Never

n= 2357

42%

13,300%

7,000%

35,000%

2,700%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Didn’t feel like

Healthfacility notavailable

Healthfacility notaccessible

Not allowedto go

Other

Percentages

n= 1476

,00%10,00%20,00%30,00%40,00%50,00%60,00%70,00%80,00%90,00%

100,00%

Ever Pregnant Violence duringPregnency

94,500%

46,800%

Ever Pregnant (4620) 94.5 %

Ever had abortion (968) 21%

Abortion due to female fetus (391) 40.1 %

Ultrasound(338)86.4 %

12,200%

58%

7%

,180% ,320%

22%

,600%,000%

10,000%

20,000%

30,000%

40,000%

50,000%

60,000%

70,000%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Never 0-9 Years 10 years & above

66%

27%

7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%58,400%

46,500%

20,700%

9,800%15,700%

19,400% 20,400%

,000%

10,000%

20,000%

30,000%

40,000%

50,000%

60,000%

70,000%

80,000%

Father Physically abusedmother

Children witnessed

62,200%

75%

,000%

10,000%

20,000%

30,000%

40,000%

50,000%

60,000%57,400%

34,900%

25,400%

33,400%

12%

5,800%,400%

0

10

20

30

17,6

10,7 10,8

21,2

4,99,5 7,8

0,7

16,2

0,08

Percentages

4647 women suggested solution

� Supportive FamilyHusbands should understand their wives. Both should be

supportive with each other. In laws, parents and siblings should be helpful in resolving problems. Parents should raise their children with good training.� Women rights/empowermentWoman should support and respect other women. They

should not be cruel for each other. Their should be unity among them. Violence against women should be stopped. Women issues should be focused. � Institutional supportGovernment, police and local jirgas should facilitate

women in resolving their problems. Their should be complaint cell where women can register their problems.

� No customary PracticeMarriages should be settle under any customary

practice i.e. watta satta, vanni, swara etc. Girls should not get married in early age. Consent should be obtained before marriage. � Economic Inflation should be controlled. A woman should have

separate house. He should be provided employment or loans to work.� Awareness raisingGirls should be provided education. Raise health

awareness. Media including TV, radio, newspaper should play their role in resolving women problems. Their should be hospital to provide health services.

� Religion/ traditional healing methodAllah must support. Through religious teachings men

should be informed. Taveez and other traditional spiritual healing method should be used.� Women cant do any thingWomen are weak they cannot do anything for

themselves.� DivorceIf problems are not resolved then divorce or

separation should be taken.

Quantitative

•How to bridge gap between their solution and reasoning of violence?•Association between age and honor killing information•Association between age/education and any form of violence.•Preventive long term role of media etc.•Protective, legislation•Supportive identify areas •Disseminate data through web even for students •Also involve child movement in •Make recommendations on national level, provincial, districts. What is the impact on women empowerment in presence of crisis in those district?•Need to be collaborate at GBV strategy –•Next step in developing program:

•How to address men compenent to address Domestic violence. •Add material in current curicula•Involve Service providers•Involve media

•Structural context of violence. Anger is related to financial. Interventions focused on livelihood, income generation sources.•Need to break the traditional role of men and women.