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Prepared by: Tshepo Motimedi (NWU), Happy Vilakazi (UJ), Kefilwe Thoane (NWU), Ntombizikhona. B Ndlovu (SU), Darya Adamchyk(BLR), Tatsiana Lapatsentava(BLR), Alexandr Petrov (BLR), Elena Govor (BLR)
Supervisor: Prof M. V. Frontasyeva. (FLNP)
Contents• Introduction.• INAA Technique• Sample Preparations• Analytical Technique and practical's• γ-Spectroscopy• Summary • Applications of INAA• References
Founder of FLNP
Ilґja Mikhailovich Frank (1908-1990)
The Nobel Prize winner in Physics
FRANK LABORATORY OF NEUTRON PHYSICSJOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH1956
IntroductionNeutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a sensitive
multi-element analytical technique used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of major, minor, trace and rare elements
NAA was discovered in 1936 by G. Hevesy (Hungary) and H. Levi (Denmark)
Method for NAADestructive (Radiochemical), the elements
of the resulting radioactive sample undergoes decomposition and chemical separation process.
Non Destructive (Instrumental), chemical separation is not performed, and therefore the resulting radioactive sample is not decomposed to elemental fragments.
NAA Principle
Neutron source
IBR
-2 P
ulse
d Fa
st R
eact
or
C h3 C h4
C h0
C dS
C h1 C h2 BS
DC VLR C BU
SU
SM
32
R
d28
d28
D
R 1
d16
R 2
BS
D D
C B
A A C C IBMPC
R 3
INAA Procedure..
8
Sample preparatio
n
Neutron irradiation of
samples
Decay of radioactivity
Decay periods between15s – 7 days
Measurement of γ-ray spectra of samples and standards with HPGe-detector
Evaluation of the γ-ray spectra using a computer program
Calculation of element content giving results
in µg/g
Dec
ay
tim
eC
ount
ti
me
Sample preparation
Sample preparation
Samples
Al encapsulation, long irradiation
Encapsulation in special designed bags, short irradiation
Neutron flux spectrum
X-section of Cd-113
13
Cd cut-off
Summary
Applications of INAA at IBR-2 Life Sciences Material Sciences
Biotechnologies: development of new pharmaceuticals, cleaning the environment from toxic elements (biosorption) and synthesis of nanoparticles
NAA for the technological process of synthesis of diamonds and NB (boron nitride)
Analysis of archaeological and museum objects from Russian and other countries
NAA for decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants and utilization of industrial wastes
Biomonitoring of atmospheric
deposition of heavy metals and other
elements (Project REGATA)
Control of quality and safety of
foodstuffs, grown in industrially
contaminated areas of RF and South Africa (grant of SA)
Assessment of different ecosystems
and their impact on human health
ConclusionNeutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a
useful method for the simultaneous determination of major, minor and trace elements of geological, environmental and biological samples in ppb-ppm range with or without chemical separation.
ReferenceP. Bode: Instrumental and organizational aspects of a
neutron activation analysis laboratotyhttp://www.sciner.com/Neutron/naa.htmlhttp://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geochem/doc/inaa.htmhttp://reactor.engr.wisc.edu/naa/UWNRNAA.htmhttp://www.reak.bme.hu/Wigner_Course/WignerManuals/
Budapest/NEUTRON_ACTIVATION_ANALYSIS.htmhttp://archaeometry.missouri.edu/naa_overview.html
Dream Team
Spasibo!
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