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Civil Rights: Elite and Mass Interactions

TOPIC

Ibrar Arshad 507 Mubeen Ahmad 525Awais Mansoor 510Nargis Qasim 512

Group Members

Awais MansoorRoll No: 509

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CIVIL RIGHTA civil rights are those rights which protect citizens of any state from discrimination . Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, , and assembly; the right to vote; freedom from involuntary servitude; and the right to equality in public places

Elite is a group of people that consider superior in a state and their views and interest are consider more when making policy.

Masses are majority people in a state, their views, interest have no such importance as elite.

Elite & Masses

Fundamental right is one, which is protected and guaranteed by the constitution of a state.

These fundamental rights operate like a double-edge sword.

Fundamental rights

Personal Rights Social Rights Educational Rights Economic right Equality Rights Cultural Rights

Six Major Categories

Personal rights are the rights that a person has over their own body. Among personal rights are associated rights to protect and safeguard the body, Furthermore, aspects of personality are protected, such as a person's reputation, by the tort of defamation, and legislation protecting the privacy of individuals, and freedom of movement.

Personal Rights

Social rights are those that are necessary for full participation in the life of society. They include at least the right to education and the right to found and maintain a family but also many of the rights often regarded as ‚civil’ rights: for example, the rights to recreation, health care, privacy and freedom from discrimination.

Social Rights

Economic rights are normally thought to include the right to work, to an adequate standard of living, to housing and the right to a pension if you are old or disabled. The economic rights reflect the fact that a certain minimal level of material security is necessary for human dignity, and also the fact that, for example, a lack of meaningful employment or housing can be psychologically demeaning. 

Economic Rights

Cultural Rights refer to a community’s cultural “way of life” and are often given less attention than many of the other types of rights. They include the right to participate freely in the cultural life of the community.

Cultural Rights

Every individual should be treated on the bases of equality.

Housing Education Services Transport & travelling Employment Public places

Equality Rights

They are always available to everyone at all times. Few are available to citizens only, and few are subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by law. In addition, they are not available when life of a nation is jeopardized, particularly, in exceptional circumstances of an emergency or Civil Martial Law.

Suspension of Fundamental Rights

Mubeen AhmadRoll No:525

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The 1973 Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 contains Fundamental Rights and Principles of Policies which give basic rights to citizens.

Some of the Articles (8 to 28) pertaining to Human Dignity & Respect given in Constitution of Pakistan are as follows:

Civil rights as per constitution of Pakistan 1973

Security of persons: No person shall be deprived of life or

liberty.Safeguards as to arrest and detention:

no person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, of the grounds for such arrest

nor shall he be denied the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice.

slavery, forced labor, etc., prohibited: slavery is forbidden and no law shall permit or facilitate its introduction into Pakistan in any form.

Sacredness of Dignity of Man, etc :The dignity of man and, subject to law, the privacy of home, shall be firm.

Freedom of Movement, etc.:Every citizen shall have the right to remain in, and subject to any reasonable restriction imposed by law in the public interest, enter and move freely throughout Pakistan and to reside and settle in any part thereof.

Freedom of Assembly: Every citizen shall have the right to assemble peacefully and without arms, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of public order.

Freedom of Association: Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of (sovereignty or integrity of Pakistan, public order or morality.)

Freedom of Trade, Business or Profession: Subject to such qualifications, if any, as may be prescribed by law, every citizen shall have the right to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation, and to conduct any lawful trade or business.

Freedom of Speech, etc:Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom to the Press,

subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defense or Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of Court.

Freedom to profess religion & maintain religious institution

Right to education Equity of citizen Right to information Property rights Non-discrimination to access public places Preservation of language & culture

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Disability rights of disabled people through the National Policy for Persons with Disabilities 2002. The Government of Pakistan introduced quota

system for persons with disabilities. The Employment and Rehabilitation Ordinance of 1981 ensures 1% quota for employees in organizations which was increased to 2% through the modification in the National Policy for Person with Disabilities 2002.

Civil Right Acts

Incentives to employers who employee disabled people and honor the quota system in terms of financial assistance and priority approval of contracts, shipments or material thus encouraging the employment of persons with disabilities.

Women Rights through Pakistan Factories Act 1934, Pakistan Penal Code, Women Protection Bill 2010.

Equal Employment through Constitution’s Article 27 & 45 and Pakistan Civil Rights Act 1964.

Child Care Benefits: Pakistan Factories Act 1934.

Restriction to Work on Specific Traits: Pakistan Factories Act1934.

Article 25 Equality of citizens: ◦All citizens are equal before law and are

entitled to equal protection of law.◦There shall be no discrimination on the

basis of gender alone.◦Nothing in this Article shall prevent the

State from making any special provision for the protection of women and children.

Racial Discrimination: Discriminating people based on their race, color, culture, background, norms and values.

Disability Discrimination: Discriminating people based on their physical and mental disability, illness and age.

Types of Discrimination

Gender Discrimination: Discriminating people based on their sexual classification 

Religious Discrimination: Discriminating people based on their religious and faithful affiliations.

Recruitment◦Word of Mouth◦Misleading Information◦Help Wanted Ads

Personal Appearance◦Dress◦Hair◦Uniforms

Selection◦Educational

Requirements◦Preference to Relatives◦Height, Weight, and

Physical Characteristics◦Arrest Records◦Application Forms

Discriminatory Employment Practices (example)

Nargis QasimRoll No: 512

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Equal employment opportunity◦ Aims to ensure that anyone, regardless of race, color,

disability, sex, religion, national origin, or age, has an equal chance for a job based on his or her qualifications.

Affirmative action◦ Requires the employer to make an extra effort to hire and

promote those in a protected group that results in measurable, yearly improvements in hiring, training, and promotion of minorities and females in all parts of the organization.

Equal Employment Opportunity Versus Affirmative Action

1. Issues a written equal employment policy.2. Appoints a top official to direct and implement the

program.3. Publicizes the equal employment policy and

affirmative action commitment.4. Surveys minority and female employment to

determine where affirmative action programs are especially desirable..

Steps in an Affirmative Action Program

5. Develops goals and timetables to improve utilization of minorities, males, and females.

6. Develops and implements specific programs to achieve these goals.

7. Establishes an audit and reporting system to monitor and evaluate progress of the program.

8. Develops support for the affirmative action program, both inside the company and in the community

we concluded that, government of any state should play their role and struggles to balance the right of citizens e.g. both Elite and Masses of state, and to address the issues of discrimination that might happen due to any reason e.g. color, religion, race, through the power of law, policies or rules that people follow and if they not follow they would be punished. Moreover, when through law their rights will be protected their will be no discrimination and equal protection of law will be there.

Conclusion

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Any Question

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