progressive state bihar
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Bihar
A progressive State of India
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mahabodhitemple.jpg -
Bihar Overview 2015
Contemporary Bihar actually came into being through a state Reorganization Bill in 2000 that separated Jharkhand from Bihar.
Bihar has farming as main method of subsistence; some ICT based industry.
87.5 percent of its population lives in rural areas.
Literacy of 63.82 per cent in 2011.
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The Ganges divides Bihar into two unequal halves and flows through the middle from west to east. Other Ganges tributaries are the Son, Budhi Gandak, Chandan, Orhani and Phalgu.
Though the Himalayas begin at the foothills, a short distance inside Nepal and to the north of Bihar, the mountains influence Bihar's landforms, climate, hydrology and culture.
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Central parts of Bihar have some small
hills, for example the Rajgir hills.
To the south is the Chota Nagpur plateau,
which was part of Bihar until 2000 but
now is part of a separate state called
Jharkhand.
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Bihar
Bihar has alluvial soil, replenished by flood
waters, suitable for agriculture.
Often a governing elite that controlled both
the political and the economic aspects of
life.
Trade (and migration) is increasingly
important.
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Population and Land
Bihar has a population of 104 million.
It is a majority male population(52.6%)
The total area of land is 94,163 sq. km
This is divided into two main regions: the North Ganga Plain and the South Ganga Plain
Further divided there are 38 districts
Capital city is Patna
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Population and Other
Statistics
Per capita income was Rs. 28317 in 2012-13
Density: 880 people per sq. mile
Birth rate: 30.9 per 1000
Death rate: 7.9 per 1000
Population grew 28.4% from 1991 -2001
Rural development has three actors i.e. officials, elected representatives and villagers.
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Bihar Economy
Gross state domestic product of Bihar for the year 2013/2014 has been around 3683.37 billion INR.
By sectors, its composition is:
Agriculture = 22%
Industry = 5%
Services = 73%.
The economy of Bihar is largely service-oriented, but it has a significant agricultural base. The state also has a small industrial sector. More recently, Bihar's state GDP recorded a very high growth (in the excess of 10%), making Bihar the fastest growing major state of India.
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Geography
Upper northeast corner of India, right before it gets squeezed between Bhutan and Bangladesh.
Many important rivers pass through Bihar.
In the southern foothills of the Himalaya Mountain Range, touching Nepal.
Bihar is the tan state within the red shape.
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Indo -Gangetic Plain
One of the most notable features of Bihar is its location in the Indo -Gangetic Plain.
This plain is very fertile, making it ideal for an agrarian society.
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Recent History
Located in the northeast of the country, on the
populous state.
Historically, it was the base of an agrarian movement that championed the rights of peasant farmers. Most of its residents were scattered across 45,000 villages, where many cultivated the plain that surrounded the Ganges River.
Bihar than half the population subsisted on less than the equivalent of one US dollar a day.
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Ancient History
Historically Bihar had been a major center of learning
Originated from the time of Buddha or even earlier
Home of one of the earliest universities, Nalanda, which dates back to the 5th century
Vikramshia, which is another university is located there as well
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Education: M edieval History
During medieval period, education was lost.
Believed that marauding armies of the invaders destroyed the centers of learning.
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Education
Has an overall literacy of 63.82%
Male literacy rate of 73.39%
Female literacy rate of 53.57%
Only 21% of all primary school teachers have completed the matriculation
Because of the law of affirmative action that reserves jobs and education for people of backward classes, students from Bihar are performing well in respect to better economically well off states in India
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Education
During 1970s and 1980s government took control over private schools
Because government was ill-equipped the standards of the schools began to fall
However, government did not take over schools ran by Christian missionaries, and these schools still provided quality education
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Education
Central government runs a number of Kendriya Vidyalayas (Central Schools)
Jawahar Navodaya Schools were made by the late Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi for rural children
Have been successful in providing quality education to the weaker sections of the society
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Literacy rate from 1951 to 2011 [99]
Year Total
1961 21.95
1971 23.17
1981 32.32
1991 37.49
2001 47.53
2011 63.82
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar -
Education (In Earlier times)
Modern Bihar had an inadequate educational infrastructure which places a huge impact between supply and demand
The growing population had made the situation
student population to other states in order to obtain better education and jobs.
Only 51% of the children enrolled in primary school actually attended, 59% of those who do attend did not have textbooks, and 13% of the children in Bihar were not enrolled at all.
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Economy
Bihar lagged behind in the overall progress of India.
Per capita GDP: Rs. 4000 per month in Bihar vs. national average of Rs.12000 per month.
Nearly 10% more people living below the poverty line than the average for India
Reasons for slow development
Inadequate investment in infrastructure, irrigation, and technology.
CM Nitish Kumar tried to change this from 2005.
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Economy: Agriculture
2 crop seasons: Kharif & Rabi Major crops:
Rice Sugar Tobacco Wheat Jute
Other minor crops: Chilli Mango Oil Seeds
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Agro -products in Bihar
Bihar has significant levels of production of mango,
guava, litchi, pineapple, brinjal, cauliflower, bhindi, and
cabbage. Despite the state's leading role in food
production, investment in irrigation and other agriculture
facilities has been inadequate.
Historically, the sugar and vegetable oil industries were
flourishing sectors of Bihar. Until the mid -1950s, 25% of
India's sugar output was from Bihar. Dalmianagar was a
large agro-industrial town.
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There were attempts to industrialise the state between
1950 and 1980: an oil refinery in Barauni, a motor scooter
plant at Fatuha, and a power plant at Muzaffarpur.
However, these were forced to shut down due to certain
central government policies (like the Freight Settlement
Policy) which neutralised the strategic advantages of
Bihar. Barauni is still one of the few old industrialised
towns in the state. Hajipur, near Patna, remains a major
industrial town in the Bihar, linked to the capital city
through the Ganges bridge and good road infrastructure
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Economy: Agriculture
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Economy: Mineral Production
Very little due to the division of southern Bihar into the separate state of Jharkhand
Most mineral production takes place in Jharkhand
Some Minerals Produced
Coal
Bauxite
Dolomite
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Economy: Mineral Production
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Economy: Attempts at
Industrialization
Oil refinery in Barauni
Motor scooter plant at Fatuha
Power plant at Muzaffarpur
Attempt to bring in
I C T in Bihar recently.
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Polity
Bicameral Legislature Upper-house Legislative Council
Lower-house Legislative Assembly
Governor appointed by president of India Head of state
Real executive power rests with Chief Minister
7 administrative divisions and 39 divisions
Each division has a divisional commissioner
District magistrate and collector in each division
Sub divisional officer in each of the 76 subdivisions
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