project method eleni taratori Ελένη professor at democritus university of thrace comenius regio...
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Project MethodProject Method
Eleni TARATORI Eleni TARATORI ΕλένηΕλένη
Professor at Democritus University of ThraceProfessor at Democritus University of Thrace
Comenius Regio Project 2012-1-GR1-COM13-10099 2 Comenius Regio Project 2012-1-GR1-COM13-10099 2 ICTs in education and project-based learning: Policies, Practices and ICTs in education and project-based learning: Policies, Practices and Knowledge exchange Knowledge exchange
Teacher training seminar-workshop, PEK Alexandroupolis, 17 December 2013
The Project MethodThe Project Method it is a learning process
its borders are changing according to
open collectiveand
Α.
The prevailing situation, when it is
applied
Β.
The participants’ interests
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Projicere Projicere
Show, “put something in
my head”, plan
ProjectProject
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ProjectProject
MethodMethod
The term was primarily used:-in the USA ΗΠΑ-in the 2nd half of the 19th century philosophical movement of pragmatism
Richards: teaching of manual labor in a specific way
Today, we also use the terms: «work plan», «planning method», «hands on method» etc.
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ProjectProject method featuresmethod features (1/2) (1/2)
The participants in a Project: Adopt the proposal that sb else made Discuss and decide about the relationships among them Process the initial initiative, in order for it to have logical content Self-organise themselves in a determined time period Use the determined time and exploit this time allocating various
actions Exchange information in frequent time periods Work on an open action field Discuss about team or individual processes and situations that arise
during Project implementation
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The ProjectThe Project MethodMethod
The Project Method was introduced by W. Kilpatrick («The project method», 1918). According to Kilpatrick, the project is the conception of an activity that is realized in a social environment in a programmed and pleasant way.
According to Kilpatrick, project planning has the following features:
1) Assignation by internal impulse
2) Determination of the action aim
3) Direction of action
4) Insurance of the moving force
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Project implementation in four steps (example)
• The girl wants to sew a dress
• Need to satisfy the lack of dress
•Time & action management for need satisfaction
• Acquisition of dress
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ProjectProject models according to time models according to time durationduration
Α) small projects (2 hours)
Β) projects of larger duration (12 hours)
C) projects of large duration
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Method models according to Project contentMethod models according to Project content
Α) Task detecting model • Statement of the idea • Planning the activity• Implementation• Evaluation
Β) Skills acquisition model • Statement of the skill • Planning of steps• Execution of skill
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STEPS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK PLAN(Project Method)
TOPIC
1. Topic selection 2. Selection of the coordinator and
decision about his/her role 3. Aim of project (work plan)
PLANNING
4. Distribution to teams and their role 5. Action framework of each team
formulation 6. Information and feedback break
IMPLEMENTATION 7. Material collection and classification 8. Presentation of project deliverables
(work plan)9. Conclusions – Evaluation
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The steps for Project method implementationThe steps for Project method implementation
1. Topic SelectionThe selection of topic can happen in many and various ways:
α) Initiative by the team members, after a random conversation about an up-to-date topic
β) By assignation for the selection of a topic that complies with the lesson’s needs
γ) Selection by the teacher and pupils from topic areas of school books, which can be taught with project method. This selection usually happens at the beginning of the school year, when the teacher prepares the lessons plan in macrolevel.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (1/2)(1/2)
2. Selection of the coordinator and decision about his/her role
The selection of the coordinator happens via interest expression by all pupils and vote.
The role of the coordinator has the following duties:
1st Write on the board the project topic and the predetermined aims, they want to achieve.
2nd Contribute to the teams formation (they need to be constituted by an equal number of members).
3rd Assure “companionship” and friendly environment among all project participants.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation
(2/2)(2/2) 2. Selection of the coordinator and decision about his/her role
4th Write on the board the teams’ proposals, which are the results of their cooperation.
5th Mediate and coordinate all teams, whose roles are related to the project.
6th Announce the duration of the phases needed for project implementation.
7th Walk around the space, while the teams are working, trying to remind organizational details.
8th Try to meet the predetermined time limits. 9th Read the project outcomes, when it comes to an end.
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The steps for Project method implementationThe steps for Project method implementation
3. Aim of project (work plan)
The aim: α) is defined after a discussion and is the basis for: - The selection of the appropriate contents that will be used in the
project, - The organization of usable methods on the basis of which they
will move on, - The search for required sources, and- The specification of the expected results.
β) is written on the board by the coordinator, in order- to be visible to pupils, and - for pupils to define their course.
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The steps for Project method implementationThe steps for Project method implementation
4. Distribution to teams and their role Distribution to teams can be done in two ways:α) On the basis of pupils’ interests β) On the basis of pupils’ interpersonal relationships, friendly
relationships, common goals, common interests etc.
The teams’ role on the project is : 1st Choice of the team’s secretary2nd Definition of aim/aims3rd Definition of the work plan structure4th Detailed record of conversations, views exchange and the
proposals in which they all agree
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (1/2)(1/2)
5. Action framework of each team formulation
• Decisive factor for the formulation of the action framework is
the correct phrasing of the aims. • The project participants’ viewpoint contributes to the
formulation of the individual topic areas and the definition of
aims. • Additional topic areas and aims are formed according to the
participants’ viewpoints.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (2/2)(2/2)
5. Action framework of each team formulation
The main questions posed during team cooperation are:
a) Which are the individual aims?
b) How will they be approached?
c) What kind of material is possible to accumulate?
d) Which sources will the material be drawn from?
e) Who will be in charge of negotiating about each individual
aim?
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (1/2)(1/2)
6. Information and feedback break
The coordinator defines the time allotted to each team for:
a) the work progress report,
b) the presentation of the accumulated material,
c) the expression of viewpoints about the sufficiency &
abundance of the material,
d) the reporting of other data collection methods,
e) material search in other spaces,
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (2/2)(2/2)
6. Information and feedback break
The coordinator defines the time allotted to each team for: f) The re-organization and restructuring of the work plan
(organizational issues),g) The presentation of the course of aims (are they attained/
unattained, do we need to restructure our course of action, h) Tracking mistakes, j) The detection of lack of experience, if is not given the
appropriate attention, andk) The replacement of members that do not contribute to their
team or the relocation of them in another team, which is closer to their interests.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (1/2)(1/2)
7. Material collection and classification
• Every team responsible for a project unit, draws its plan (how
it will accumulate the material and the tools that will be used).
• The team secretary gives the floor to each member separately
in order to express his/her opinion, which is crucial for the
project’s course. The members’ views are written down by the
secretary.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (2/2)(2/2)
7. Material collection and classification
In order for the conversation to be productive, it needs to comply
with the following:
a) the team cooperation and the coordinator’s acceptance,
b) the adherence of time limits by the team members and the
avoidance of long talks,
c) the observation of the discussions, the active participation in
the discussion.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (1/2)(1/2)
8. Presentation of project deliverables
The material presentation strategies are determined by the time limis.
Α) For projects that last 2 hours, the presentation ways are:
a) presentation of each team’s findings,
b) presentation of the supporting material,
c) the completion of the presentation with a song, a proverb, a poem
or a prose.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (2/2)(2/2)
8. Presentation of project deliverables
Β) For projects that last from 4 hours to one week, the presentation
ways are:
a) presentation of each team’s findings,
b) upload of the material on a board,
c) music composition of a project part,
d) dramatization of project scenes,
e) exhibition of fake or real objects,
f) use of slides, transparencies, data display etc.
C) For projects of long duration, the presentation ways are more
demanding. Comenius Regio Project 2012-1-GR1-COM13-10099 2 Comenius Regio Project 2012-1-GR1-COM13-10099 2 ICTs in education and project-based learning: Policies, Practices and ICTs in education and project-based learning: Policies, Practices and
Knowledge exchange Knowledge exchange
The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (1/2)(1/2)
9. Conclusions – Evaluation
The project coordinator reads the teams’ conclusions and forms
his/her opinion about what has happened.
For pupils, the project is completed after the conclusions are drawn.
Then, the teacher’s evaluation follows.
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The steps for Project method implementation The steps for Project method implementation (2/2)(2/2) 9. Conclusions – Evaluation
The teacher’s evaluation criteria that render a project successful or not
are:• The quality of the supporting material that shows the thorough
and responsible research of the topic• The variety of the material and the competency in the selection of
the significant items out of the many and various accumulated
items • The “clever presentation” • The appropriately chosen person for the announcement of the
findings/conclusions.
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Basic prerequisites for the Project Basic prerequisites for the Project methodmethod
• Time allotted • Convenient space (open space at schools, arrangement of
furniture) • Cooperation with stakeholders out of school (pupils’ parents)• Project implementation in cooperation with companies and
enterprises • Arrangement of administrative issues (needless breaks)• Coordination service
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The role of the teacher during the The role of the teacher during the Project method implementationProject method implementation
Teacher’s characteristics:
• Action in the backstage• Provision of help, when needed • Participation in equal terms • Patience, not intervention
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