pvdis: 6 gev results and the solid program · 2016-07-19 · pvdis at 6 gev (jlab e08-011, ran in...

1X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

PVDIS: 6 GeV Results and the SoLID ProgramXiaochao Zheng ( 郑晓超 ) (Univ. of Virginia)

August 5th, 2015

PVDIS and electron-quark effective couplingsThe 6 GeV PVDIS experimentPVDIS with SoLID

2X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Basics of Electron Scattering on a Fixed Nuclear Targetto detector

target (at

rest)

electron beam

recoil

Before After

λ=hc

6GeV=0.2 fm

Inclusive: only the scattered electron is detected

3X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

“Resonance”: 1<W<2GeV

“Deep Inelastic”: W>2 GeV, (structure functions, parton

distribution functions)

10-18m or smaller

Three Kinematics Regions of Electron Scattering

“Elastic”: W=Mt or Mp

(form factors – fourier transformation of the charge distribution in

the nucleon)

4X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Parity Violation in the Standard Model

5X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Measuring PVES Asymmetryto detector

target (at

rest)

electron beam

λ=hc

6GeV=0.2 fm

Inclusive: only the scattered electron is detected

change helicity of the electron

beam

count how many electrons are scattered, using the same detector system

7X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Parity Violation in the Standard Model

In weak interaction, all elementary fermions behave differently under parity transformation

They have a preferred chiral state when coupling to the Z0

8X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Unlike electric charge, need two charges (couplings) for weak interaction: gL, gR

or “vector” and “axial” weak charges:

Parity Violation in the Standard Model

fermions

u, c

d, s

e

e-, -

g Vf= I 3−2Q sin2W

12

12

−122sin

2W

12−43sin

2W

−1223sin

2W

g Af= I 3

−12

12

−12

Z0

e e

−ig Z

2

[ g V

e−g A

e5]

gV~(gL+gR) gA~(gL-gR)

9X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Unlike electric charge, need two charges (couplings) for weak interaction: gL, gR

or “vector” and “axial” weak charges:PVES asymmetry comes from V(e)xA(targ) and A(e)xV(targ)

Parity Violation in the Standard Model

Z0

e e

gV~(gL+gR) gA~(gL-gR)

V-A -V-A

-V-A

e e

V-A

10X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Unlike electric charge, need two charges (couplings) for weak interaction: gL, gR

or “vector” and “axial” weak charges:PVDIS asymmetry comes from:

Effective Couplings in the Standard Model

Z0

e e

gV~(gL+gR) gA~(gL-gR)

V-A -V-A

-V-A

e e

V-A

C1q≡2 g Ae g V

q , C 2q≡2 gVe g A

q

q q q q

“electron-quark effective couplings”

11X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Unlike electric charge, need two charges (couplings) for weak interaction: gL, gR

or “vector” and “axial” weak charges:PVDIS asymmetry comes from:

Effective Couplings and New Contact Interactions

gV~(gL+gR) gA~(gL-gR)

C1q≡2 g Ae g V

q , C 2q≡2 gVe g A

q

“electron-quark effective couplings”V-A

V-A

e e

q q

-V-A

-V-A

e e

q q

12X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Unlike electric charge, need two charges (couplings) for weak interaction: gL, gR

or “vector” and “axial” weak charges:PVDIS asymmetry comes from:

gV~(gL+gR) gA~(gL-gR)

C1q≡2 g Ae g V

q , C 2q≡2 gVe g A

q

“electron-quark effective couplings”V-A

V-A

e e

q q

-V-A

-V-A

e e

q qC1q=g AV

e q ,C2q=g VAe q

Erler&Su, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 71, 119 (2013)

Effective Couplings and New Contact Interactions

13X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Accessing C1q,2q

Need electron beam on hadronic targetIn elastic PVES– directly probes C1q, electrons' parity-violating

property;– quarks' parity-violation is represented by the nucleon

axial form factor GA, and extracting C2q from GA is model-dependent

Only in PVDIS, electron probes the quark and PVDIS asymmetry depends on C2q directly.

14X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

a x =310

2C1u−C1d 1 0.6 s.

u.d . b x =

310

2C 2u−C 2d uV d V

u.d .

Formalism for Parity Violation in DIS

For an isoscalar target (2H), structure functions

largely simplifies:

APV =GF Q 2

2 [a x Y y b x ]

x≡x Bjorken y≡1−E ' / E

q i−. x =q i

V x≡q i x−q i. x

a x =12

g Ae F1

Z

F1

=12

∑iC1iQ i q i

. x

∑iQi2q i

. x b x =gV

e F 3 Z

F 1

=12

∑iC2iQi qi

−. x

∑iQi2qi

. x

q i.

x ≡q ix q i. x

16X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Best Data on C1q (eq AV couplings) from PVES+APV

Androic et al., PRL 111, 141803 (2013);

17X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Projecting to C1q vs C2q (e-q AV vs. VA couplings)

2C1u-C1d

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

18X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

Add E122

19X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

and combine them

20X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

then zoom in

-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

21X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

PVDIS at 6 GeV (JLab E08-011)

22X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Staff: ~700User community: ~1300

A CB

Beam first delivered in 10/95 ~1/3 of US PhDs in Nuclear

Physics Energy: 6 GeV, 12 GeV ongoing The largest superconducting RF accelerator in the world, the highest polarized luminosity.

23X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

100uA, 90% polarized electron beam

High-Resolution Spectrometers20cm liquid

deuterium target

PVDIS at 6 GeV (JLab E08-011, ran in Oct-Dec. 2009)

Students: Xiaoyan Deng, Kai Pan, Diancheng Wang (PhD)Postdoc: Ramesh Subedi

Measured two DIS points: Q2=1.085 and 1.901 (GeV/c)2

Collected 170 billion (E9) electrons in total

24X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

From Measured to Physics Asymmetry (Unblinded in 2012)A

Q 2=1.085, x=0.241

raw =−78.45±2.68±0.07 ppm

●beam polarization●counting deadtime●EM radiative correction●box correction●target aluminum endcap●beam depolarization

●beam-normal asym●Q2 determination●pair production●target impurity●charged pion background

AQ 2

=1.085, x=0.241

phys =−91.10±3.11±2.97 ppm

AQ 2=1.901, x=0.295

raw=−140.30±10.43±0.16 ppm(L)

AQ 2=1.901, x=0.295

raw=−139.84±6.58±0.46 ppm(R)

AQ 2

=1.901, x=0.295

phys =−160.80±6.39±3.12 ppm

25X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Compare to Standard Model?

AQ 2

=1.085, x=0.241

phys =−91.10±3.11±2.97 ppm

AQ 2

=1.901, x=0.295

phys =−160.80±6.39±3.12 ppm

ASM=2.022×10−4

[ 2C1u−C 1d 0.594 2C2u−C2d ]=−158.9 ppm

ASM=1.156×10−4

[ 2C1u−C1d 0.348 2C2u−C 2d ]=−87.7 ppm

26X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Extracting Effective Couplings

AQ 2

=1.085, x=0.241

phys =−91.10±3.11±2.97 ppm

AQ 2

=1.901, x=0.295

phys =−160.80±6.39±3.12 ppm

ASM=2.022×10−4

[ 2C1u−C 1d 0.594 2C2u−C2d ]=−158.9 ppm

ASM=(1.156×10−4

)[ (2C1u−C1d )+0.348 (2C 2u−C2d ) ]=−87.7 ppm

uncertainty due to PDF: 0.5% 5%uncertainty due to HT: 0.5%/Q2, 0.7ppm

uncertainty due to PDF: 0.5% 5%uncertainty due to HT: 0.5%/Q2, 1.2ppm

27X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

Previous data: Elastic PVES + APV

28X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

Add JLab 6 GeV PVDIS

-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

29X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

best fit

-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

Wang et al., Nature 506, no. 7486, 67 (2014);

factor five improvement

30X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

best fit

-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

Wang et al., Nature 506, no. 7486, 67 (2014);

2 from zero – clearly identified parity-violating

contribution from quarks' axial

charge

“Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering”

Wang et al., Nature 506, no. 7486, 67 (2014);

31X. Zheng, Hadron 20152C1u-C1d

5

4

3

2

1

0

-1

2C2u

-C2d

-1.50 -1.25 -1.0 -0.75 -0.50

best fit

-0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.4

0.2

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5

Marciano., Nature 506, no. 7486, 43 (2014);

“Measurement of parity violation in electron-quark scattering”

Wang et al., Nature 506, no. 7486, 67 (2014);

32X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

BSM Mass Limit on eq VA contact interaction

(2C1u-C1d) (TeV)15 10 5 0 5 10 15

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

(2

C 2u-

C 2d)

(TeV

)

Wang et al., Nature 506, no. 7486, 67 (2014);

Complementary to LHC results

on the mass limit of eq

contact interactions

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Coherent PVDIS Program with SoLID @ 11 GeV

““SoLID” spectrometerSoLID” spectrometer

SoLID Physics topics:

PVDIS

SIDIS

J/

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Coherent PVDIS Program with SoLID @ 11 GeV

Goal on C2q: one order of magnitude improvement over 6 GeV

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Coherent PVDIS Program with SoLID @ 11 GeV

Goal on C2q: one order of

magnitude improvement over 6 GeV

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Coherent PVDIS Program with SoLID @ 11 GeV

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Wang et al., Nature 506, no. 7486, 67 (2014);

What do you expect a biologist to get from reading your paper?

Marciano., Nature 506, no. 7486, 43 (2014);

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Disclaimer: The following slides are for promoting curiosity and new ideas ONLY.

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

pharmaceuticals must be chirally correct to work.

Well, the whole biological world is chiralWell, the whole biological world is chiral

An object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror

image is called chiral

ChiralityAll living organisms contain almost only ‘left-handed’ amino-acids and ‘right-handed’ sugars

Natrulose (left-handed

sugar) – blessing or

curse?

(Only spider-man has left-handed DNAs)

For physicists: do you know the difference between chirality and helicity?

caraway spearmint

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

pharmaceuticals must be chirally correct to work.

Well, the whole biological world is chiralWell, the whole biological world is chiral

An object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror

image is called chiral

ChiralityAll living organisms contain almost only ‘left-handed’ amino-acids and ‘right-handed’ sugars

Natrulose (left-handed

sugar) – blessing or

curse?

(Only spider-man has left-handed DNAs)

For physicists: do you know the difference between chirality and helicity?

caraway spearmintPhysicists are studying the Physicists are studying the same thing – chirality of same thing – chirality of

elementary particles!elementary particles!

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Why is the whole world chiral?Why is the whole world chiral?

10,000,000,00110,000,000,000

The existence of our universe

CP violation

How does parity violation “show up” in the macroscopic world?

?

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

How does parity violation “show up” in the macroscopic world?

10,000,000,00110,000,000,000

The existence of our universe

CP violationParity violation

?

Why is the whole world chiral?Why is the whole world chiral?

?

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Chirality contributes to complexity of molecules, which is essential for the origin of life.

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

How does parity violation “show up” in the macroscopic world?

10,000,000,00110,000,000,000

The existence of our universe

CP violation

The existence(?) of life?

Parity violation

?

Why is the whole world chiral?Why is the whole world chiral?

?

X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Symmetry in the macroscopic world comes from symmetry in the underlying building blocks and interactions. So what is the cause of the chiral structure of our biological world? Could it be explained from physics? Could it come partially from parity violation?

How does parity violation affect the macroscopic world?

46X. Zheng, Hadron 2015

Summary and Perspectives

The 6 GeV PVDIS from JLab:Improved world data on the eq VA effective coupling term 2C2u-C2d by factor of five

agrees with the SM

showed 2C2u-C2d is 2 from zero – indicating a nonzero contribution to PVDIS asymmetry due to quark's chirality preference

BSM mass limits complimentary to collider experiments.

“New construction” experiments at JLab 12 GeV:Will improve C2q by another order of magnitude.

Subedi et al, NIM-A 724, 90 (2013); Wang et al., PRL 111, 082501 (2013);Wang et al., Nature506,no.7486, 67 (2014); long paper accepted by Phys. Rev. C.