rf microelectronics - yolaapinunt.yolasite.com/resources/rfic/lec01.pdf · ตํารา!! rf...

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RF Microelectronics

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Apinunt Thanachayanont

ktapinun@kmitl.ac.th

+ วิชานี้เกี่ยวกับอะไร ?

n  เพื่อศึกษาวงจรรวมและระบบไมโครอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ สําหรับการรับส่งสัญญาณคลื่นความถี่วิทยุ

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+ แผนการสอน

n  Introduction to RF and Wireless Technology.

n  Basic Concepts in RF Design.

n  Modulation and Detection.

n  Multiple Access Techniques and Wireless Standards.

n  Transceiver Architectures.

n  Low-Noise Amplifiers and Mixers.

n  Oscillators.

n  Frequency Synthesizers.

n  Power Amplifiers.

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+ ตํารา

n RF Microelectronics ,2nd edition, B. Razavi, Prentice-Hall, 2012

n The design of CMOS radio-frequency integrated circuits, T. H. Lee, Cambridge university press, 1998

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+ การประเมินผล

n  การบ้าน 10 %

n  สอบกลางภาค 40 %

n  สอบปลายภาค 50 %

n  ช่วงของเกรด (โดยประมาณ)

n A: 76-100, B+: 71-75, B: 66-70, C+: 56-65, C: 41-55, D+: 36-40, D: 31-35, F: 0-30

n  http://apinunt.yolasite.com/rf-microelectronics.php

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1. Introduction to RF and Wireless Technology

+ What is RF? n  Radio Frequency: the

mode of communication for wireless technologies of all kinds, including cordless phones, radar, ham radio, GPS, and radio and television broadcasts.

n  Loosely defined in the band: 3 Hz - 300 GHz.

n  Most of this range is beyond the vibration rate that most mechanical systems can respond to, RF usually refers to oscillations in electrical circuits.

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RF Examples

+ Iphone 5s

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§  2.5G: GSM/EDGE (850, 900, 1800, 1900 MHz); §  3G: UMTS/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA (850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz); §  4G: FDD-LTE (Bands 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 20); TD-LTE (Bands 38, 39, 40) §  802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi (802.11n 2.4GHz and 5GHz) §  Bluetooth 4.0 wireless technology

+ Modern wireless communications

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+ Modern wireless communications

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+ Wireless standards

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+ Applications

n  WLAN: IEEE 802.11 a/b/g =>Enable wireless Local Area Network. 2.4G, 5.2G/5.7G and etc..

n  GPS: global position system. Operating around 1.5 GHz to know where you are at any places.

n  RF IDs: a small and lost-cost tags. Allows to identify who/where you are. Operating at 900-MHz and 2.4-GHz bands.

n  Home satellite network: Operating 10-GHz range and direct broadcast TV through satellite to home with very high quality.

n  Cellular phone: AMPs, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA…

n  PAN (personal area network): Bluetooth, Zigbee

n  Ultra-wide band radio (UWB)

n  Pager: Extinction

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+ Overview of standards

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+ Why RF?

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+ Why RF?

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+ Basic wireless transceiver

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+ Digital wireless receiver

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+ วงจรรับ-ส่งสัญญาณวิทยุ

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+ Digital RF wireless systems

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+ RF front-end of a cellular phone

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+ Wireless environment

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+ RF propagation effects

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+ Design bottlenecks

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n  RF and baseband processing in a transceiver

n  Multi-disciplinary field

+ แนวโน้มการพัฒนาวงจรรับ-ส่งสัญญาณวิทยุ

n  ชิพตัวเดียวโดยมีอุปกรณ์ภายนอกน้อยที่สุด ทําให้วงจรอนาลอกและดิจิตอลต้องถูกรวมไว้ด้วยกัน => System-on-chip (SoC) or System-in-package (SiP)

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+ Choice of technology

n  GaAs: higher breakdown voltage, cutoff frequency, semi-insulating substrate, and high-quality inductors, capacitors. n  Example : Power amplifier

n  Silicon BJT: It’s popular, too. n  Example : LNA

n  BiCMOS: Allow more integration for RF IC, but, somewhat, expensive. n  Example : GSM RF front end

n  CMOS: Cheap and high integration. But, lots of design problems. n  Example : Bluetooth, WLAN

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+ Why CMOS technology?

n  Submicron MOST, 0.13μm today, very fast, fT≈30GHz, perform well up to 3GHz

n  Min.digital supply 1.2V, min.analog supply 1.8V, low power dissipated – good for batteries

n  Low noise figure ~1.5 dB

n  Good linearity for higher signal swing

n  With multiple metal layers good capacitors and inductors (QL up to 20) can be integrated on a chip

n  Upper metal layers far from Si substrate – reduce substrate losses

n  All transceiver components ~can be integrated on one chip

n  CMOS cheaper from other technologies (BiCMOS, GaAs)

n  Many successful RF CMOS designs performed recently

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+ Summary

n Wireless communication systems (mobile, cordless, WLAN, GPS, … ) are in continuous progress

n Wireless communication systems are very complex multidisciplinary field

n  Design, both at system and circuit level (RF IC’s), is a multi-objective task

n  CMOS technology proves to be increasingly competitive for RF IC’s design

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