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Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 1
- HERA- Astro-Particle-Physics- Theory- Beyond HERA- Summary
High Energy Programme of DESY
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 2
HERA-I: 1992-2000 - H1+ZEUS: Lmax = 1.8 x 1031cm-2s-1
Lint ~ 100 pb-1 e+p, 15 pb-1
e-p- HERMES: e() + p/d/3He() +eA- HERA-B: pA B, J/Ψ, Χ, D(μμ),
…HERA-upgrade 2000-2001 (aims):
- Lmax ~ 4.5 (6) x 1031cm-2s-1
- Pol. e+/e- for H1, ZEUS, HERMES- upgraded H1 and ZEUS detectors
HERA-II status:- e+ polarisation of ~50% achieved- after a long struggle: background
problems in H1/ZEUS under control
- nominal specific luminosity achieved
- slowly ramping up currents Lmax = 3.8x 1031s-1 achieved
- reliability HERA slowly improving
Background in H1: Ichamber vs Ie for Ip= 105 mA (nom.)
HERA Status - 1
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 3
operation of HERA is getting more efficient and reliable (0.6 pb-1 per fill of 12 hours achieved – so far 37.2 pb-1
delivered in 2004) luminosity prediction of HERA-II: ~(>?) 700 pb-1 e+/e- both pol. until mid
2007
HERA Status - 2
H1 [pb-1]:
HERA 37.2H1rec 32.8H1track 22.1
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 4
e+p and e-p NC and CC-scattering:
• MW in time-like region (MWR > 400 GeV)
• sin2θW complementary to LEP
• light quark couplings:
MW
HERA-I HERA-II
HERA Physics - EW
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 5
F2 vs. x– rapid rise of
F2 as x 0– no slowing
down of rise of F2 seen yet
F2 vs. Q2 – data span
4 decades in Q2
– +/- scaling violations
– SM gives excellent description
HERA Physics – unpol. SF - 1
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 6
Results of QCD-fits to SF-data:• only DIS: theor. clean (H1, ZEUS)• global fits: DIS, DY, jets, W/Z
more constraints (CTEQ,MRST,…)
Precision HERA-only ≈ global fitsprecision at high x needs HERA-II !
Check consistency of pdfs: jet +heavy flavour production ~ xg in LO
F2cc
-
HERA Physics – unpol. SF - 2
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 7
ZEUS: example for HERA only fit- includes all 94-00 e+p & e-p data- still needs add. constraints for x > 0.1
ZEUS: include inclusive DIS jet & high ET di-jet from photoproduction
better precision for gluons at higher x
Precision measurement of proton SF at higher x (high x-Q2 data thanks to higher luminosity) an important part of the HERA-II
programme
HERA Physics – unpol. SF - 3
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 8
How do the partons contribute to the spin of nucleon ?
world data xg1(x)Nucleon
3/2 ~ q-1/2 ~ q+
Nucleon
q := q+-q-
1/2-3/2) ~ g1 := ½Σqzq2q
Integrals at Q02 = 25 GeV2,
QCD analysis of Q2 dependence,
and SU(3):
= u+d+s ~ 0.20 ± 0.04 ± ?
rest? Gluons G ?
orbital ang. momenta
Lq,g ?
HERA Physics – pol. SF - 1
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 9
NLO QCD (MS) fits Assumptions:
- Flavour symmetric spin dependent sea
- uv and dv constrained by F and D (SU(3) symmetry)
low-x extrapolation questionable
results for Q02 = 4 GeV2:
uv 0.73 .....0.86 (0.10) dv -0.40...-0.46 (0.10) qs -0.04 ...-0.09
0.14 ...0.20 G 0.68 ...1.26information from high pT had. pairs (HER-MES, COMPASS) and charm (COMPASS)BB: Blümlein, Böttcher hep/ph 0203155
LSS: Leader et al., hep/ph 0111267GRSV: Glück et al., hep/ph 0011215AAC: Goto et. al., hep/ph 0001046
HERA Physics – pol.SF - 2
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 10
Quark helicity distributions for semi-inclusive spin asymmetries
possible thanks to large acceptance and excellent part. identification HERMES
“leading” have a large probabilityto come from struck quark
knowledge of fragmentation function !
HERA Physics – pol.SF - 3
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 11
First measurement of N-transversity
g1 = - longitudinal quark spin, , q 5q, Ah1 = - transverse quark spin, , q 5 q, Th1 is chiral odd, measurement requires other chiral odd DF (e.g. Drell-Yan), or FF (SIDIS) like the Collins FF H1
(z)
single helicity flip
doublehelicity
flip
Collins FF
main physics programme of HERMES in 2002 to mid 2004
AUTsinΦ from transv. pol H-target
HERA Physics – pol.SF - 4
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 12
Exclusive reactions: - next step at HERA in
deciphering the N –spin: measurement of skewed parton distributions (SPDs)
- first step made by the extraction of DVCS (ep ep) by HERMES, H1 and ZEUS
HERMES Recoil Detector for identi-fying exclusive reactions and mea-suring t is under construction
plans: - installation summer 2005- run 1 year with polarised e+
+ 1 year with polarised e-
HERA Physics – pol.SF - 5
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 13
Results from HERMES, H1, ZEUS and HERAB:
ZEUSM=1522±2 MeV = 8±4 MeVsign = 3.9…4.6
strange penta-quark θ+(K0p)
HERMESM=1528±2 MeV < 20 MeVsign = 3.5…4.5
~
HERA-Bno signal – in spite of largest statistics and excellent mass resolution !
strange pentaquark Ξ-- (Ξπ) – 1862 MeV
also not confirmed by H1 nor by HERA-B
HERA Physics – Pentaquarks - 1
HERMES
ZEUSZEUS
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 14
Results from H1 and ZEUS on charmed pentaquark θc0 (D*p):
puzzle! more data + results from other accel. will tell!
H1: M=3099±7 MeV, Γ<12 MeV, sign = 3.5…4.5seen in DIS + p)
~ ZEUS: does not confirm signal, in spite of similar cuts and larger data samples!
HERA Physics – Pentaquarks - 2
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 15
Precision S: - HERA shows clearly running of S
- high precision with syst down to 2%- consistent values major success of QCD
- excellent collab. with theory now and in future
further progress from HERA-II
aim for ~ 1%
HERA Physics – S
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 16
HERA-BSM – 1
H1/ZEUS results similar - final HERA I limits - comparable to Tevatron
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 17
General search for new phenomena – H1:
HERA-BSM - 2
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 18
HERA-BSM – 3 “HERA-events”
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 19
HERA-BSM – 4 “HERA-events”
2 more events in H1 from 2004 data (expect 0.6)
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 20
HERA-BSM – 5 “HERA-events”
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 21
HERA II status:• upgrade HERA + detectors completed in summer 2001/summer
2002• HERAII achieved most design goals – but not (yet) reliability
• specific luminosity• polarised positrons (for 3 expt.)
beyond HERA II end HERA data taking in mid 2007 (tbc) to:• PETRA PETRA III synchrotron radiation source• free resources for PETRAIII, XFEL and preparation of an e+e- linear collider
Summary HERA
HERA II – physics aims (aim for 1 fb-1 and e+/e- polarised):• high statistics at high Q2 and high ET,• high x partons from high Q2 DIS,• jets at high Q2 and high ET (detector improvements!)• heavy flavours (detector improvements!),• diffraction (detector improvements!),• EW-coupling of light quarks (polarisation!),• mW measurement in CC-DIS,• BSM and HERA zoo events, • exclusive channels (detector improvements!),• transversity distributions,• more long. polarised data,
H1 +
ZEU
S
HER
MES
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 22
High energy neutrino astronomy (at Zeuthen):
- origin and composition of cosmic rays,
- dark matter,- monopoles & other
exotica,- supernova alert, …
Baikal Amanda IceCube
Astro-Particle Physics - 1
Skyplot 2000
Northern hemisphere( 697 upward muons )
first serious challenge of
models
Amundsen-Scott South-Pole Station
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 23
Supernova sensitivity
Astro-Particle Physics - 2
Amanda-II
Amanda-B10
IceCube
LMC
IceTop
1 km3
IceCube
~ 1
500
m
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 24-90 0-45 9045
10-15
10-14 cm-2 s-1
SS-433
Mk-501
/ ~ 1
10-17
10-16
2001
2007
2003
2012
GX339-4
MACRO, SK
AntaresAmanda / IceCube
Km3Net (Med.terr.) IceCube
declination (°)
Sensitivity to static point sources
Astro-Particle Physics - 3
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 25
Astro-Particle Physics - 4
RICE AGASA
Amanda, Baikal2002
2007
AUGER
Anita
AmandaAntares
Bai. Nest.
2012 km3
EUSOAuger
(+radio)Acoustics
2004
RICE AGASA
log (
E2
·
) [
GeV
cm
-2 s
-1 s
r-1]
Sensitivity to diffuse flux
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 26
Astro-Particle Physics at DESY – High Energy Neutrino Astronomy - Baikal has pioneered the field
- Amanda has demonstrated performance of large -detector in ice, and is coming into an interesting sensitivity region
- IceCube is well on its way to a 1 km3 -telescope
- interesting technological developments under way (acoustic detectors, increase light yield via wave-length-shifters, …)
- close collaboration with theoretical community
an attractive programme – central part of DESY’s scientific research
Summary Astro-Particle Physics
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 27
Theory at DESY
Research Topics of the Theory Groups in Hamburg and Zeuthen and at the John-von-Neumann Institute of Computing
- higher orders in perturbation theory (QCD and electro-weak)
- non-perturbative QCD (instantons, small-x-physics, …)
- Collider phenomenology (HERA – LHC – LC)
- Physics beyond the Standard Model
- String Theory
- Particle Cosmology (baryogenesis, dark matter, inflation)
- Lattice technology in QCD, electro-weak physics, super-symmetry
- contribute to the development of massively parallel computers for Lattice Gauge Theory (APE – struggle for funding > 5Tflops)
A broad and strong programme – well embedded in the local (university institutes on-site) and international theory
community
also strongly supported by the recent HGF evaluation
~
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 28
Experimentation beyond HERA
Until mid 2007 HERA II is the highest priority of Experimental Particle Physics at DESY
What for the time between HERA and the LC?
• continue HERA running ? lack of resources and PETRA III
synchrotron radiation source
• participation in an expt. at until HERA II is satisfactorily running in- an external accelerator ? sufficient resources, then various options (LHC, -experiment,… under discussion)
• strengthen Astro-Particle- DESY wants, and is asked by bmbf, to Physics? remain an accelerator laboratory
• …….
in addition significant resources are put into the preparation and
promotion of Global Linear Collider
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 29
e+
e-
e+e-:
•well defined initial state- exact knowledge of quantum
numbers of initial state- energy and momenta of
partons known + can be varied
- polarisation of e+ and e- beams possible + can be varied
•well defined production process- simple kinematics- precise (< %) knowledge of
cross-sections- similar cross-sections for SM
and new physics•low background
discovery by precision
Power and Physics of an e+e- Collider
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 30
A Linear Collider measures:
• mass (indep. of final state!)
• Spin, CP• Couplings/branching ratios test the mechanism of
mass generation
Higgs at e+e-: key to understand origin of mass
Φ(H) = v2H2 + vH3 + 1/4H4
SM: gHHH = 6v, defined by MH
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 31
e+e- Discoveries BSM -Test of Unification
extrapolation of SUSY parameters from weak to GUT scale (mSUGRA):
precision provided by LC for sleptons, charginos and neutralinos will test if masses unify at same scale as forces
Gluino (LHC)
A Linear Collider can measure for supersymmetric particles:• masses• quantum numbers• lifetimes• decay modes
Extrapolation of present measure-ments to high energies (1016 GeV) fails in simple SM and suggests new physics at 100 – 1000 GeV scale
The most favoured possibility: Supersymmety
The key to understanding SUSY is to see a few of these states
SUSY partners of ew bosons and
Higgs (LC)
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 32
e+e- Extra Spatial Dimensions
- emission of gravitons into extra dimensions
+ emission of or a jet
- measurement of cross sections at different energies allows to dnetermine number and scale of extra dimensions
(500 fb-1 at 500 GeV + 1000 fb-1 at 800 GeV)
Cross-section for anomalous single photon production
= no. of extra dimensionse+e- G
Question: In how many dimensions do we live?
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 33
Politics: The Scientific Case for a LC
Based on physics a world-wide consensus has formed for a baseline LC project in which positrons collide with electrons at energies up to 500 GeV, with a luminosity above 1034 cm-2s-1.
The energy should be upgradeable to about 1 TeV.
Above this firm baseline, several options are envisioned whose priority will depend upon the nature of the discoveries made at the LHC and in the initial LC operation.The consensus document has been signed by > 2600 scientists from all around the world.(http:/www-flc.desy.de/lcsurvey)
Substantial overlap in running with LHC recommended
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 34
For the highest energies: hadron colliders - LHC under construction at CERN
For precision measurements: electron-positron colliders - e.g. GLC, NLC, TESLA, … CLIC
physics and experience teach us that we need both tools to answer the open questions and that they complement each other
accelerator R&D essential for progress in our field
The Development of Accelerators
© Physics Today
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 35
The e+e- LC Challenge
Main challenges for TeV LC compared to SLC:
• energy • luminosity
© R. PalmerFactor 5
Fac
tor
10,0
00 SLC TESLA JLC/NLC (500) (500)
Emax(prop.) 100 800 1000 GeV AC Power 140 195 MWfacc 11.4 1.3 11.4 GHzy-spot size IP 500 5 3 nmEacc (500GeV) 22.5 50 MV/mEacc @Emax 35 50 MV/mbunch-sep. 337 1.4 nsLumi 310-4 5 3 1034cm-2s-1
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 36
Beam Sizes
© M. Tigner
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 37
The Technical Design Report including cost was published in
March 2001
TESLA Layout
• super-conducting RF @ 1.3 GHz• loaded gradient up to 35 MV/m• for site length 33 km: Ecm = 800
GeV (can be made longer)
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 38
(GLC)/NLC Overall Layout
- warm RF, 11.4 GHz
- loaded gradient 50 MV/m
- for site length 33 km: Ecm = 1.–1.3 TeV
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 39
Accelerating Structures
GLC/NLC: DDS structure, X-bandcopper cell - iris diamater : 9 mm
TESLA: 9-cell L-bandpure Niobium celliris diameter: 70 mm
L = 1 m
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 40
High Gradients in EP nine-cell Cavities
AC70: 39.4 MV/m gradient at 2K using EP at DESY no 1400oC treatment!
High gradient: high priority item for DESY and the TESLA collaboration
1,00E+09
1,00E+10
1,00E+11
0 10 20 30 40
Eacc [MV/m]
Q0
2 K
1,8 K
1,6 K
1011
109
1010
Test of 1/8th of a TESLA cryo-module at 5 Hz, 500 s fill, 800 s flat-top 35 MV/m with no interruption related to cavity-coupler-klystron for more than 1000 hours
No field emission
TESLA 800
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 41
The TESLA Test Facility
Tasks:- test of all components- operation for > 13 000h- proof SASE-FEL- first experiments - base for costing –- step towards X-FEL
Conclusion:the readiness of the TESLA technology
has been demonstrated
Construction + running of a prototype accelerator:
TTF I
Cavity with
35 MV/m
insta
lled and working in
TTF II
TTF II starting-up running in autumn 2004
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 42
The NLCTA with 1.8 m accelerator structures (ca 1997).
Demonstration of X-band concept, wake-field control, beam loading compensation
Accelerating gradient limited to < 40 MV/m (loaded)
The NLC Test Accelerator
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 43
Future e+e- colliders
CLIC: new acceleration principle: two-beam accelerator
Emax= 3 TeV
L=1035 cm-2s-1
22 drive beams
70 GeV each
E=150 MV/m
f= 30 GHz
several yearsof R&D ahead
Beyond NLC and SC type LC e+e- accelerators for which R&D is done:
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 44
R1: R&D – Recommendation from ILCTRC *)
Where do the individual technologies stand ?
Score Card
Review defines and ranks R&D needed for choosing
technology
In addition, system aspects like uptime, reliability, etc. are of utmost importance to meet the challenges of a LC
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 45
What next ? Technology Choice – Wise Men
The International Linear Collider Steering Committee (ILCSC) has selected twelve members for the International Technology Recommendation Panel (ITRP):
recommendation of one technology (NLC or TESLA) before end of 2004
first meeting end of January at RALmeeting 5.-6. April at DESY, Hamburg, next meetings at SLAC and KEK
Asia:G.S. LeeA. MasaikeK. OideH. Sugawara
Europe:J.-E. AugustinG. BellettiniG. KalmusV. Soergel
North America:J. Bagger B. Barish (Chair)P. GrannisN. Holtkamp
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 46
Next Milestones towards a Global Linear Collider
Roadmap:
2004 selection of collider technology (warm or cold) and setting up of an international project team with branches in America, Asia and Europe
continuation of discussion between funding agencies
further studies of organisation structures
2005 start of work of project teams (‚pre GLC‘)
2006 completion of the project layout including costing
2007 decision in principle by governments to go ahead with LC
2015 start of commissioning
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 47
Political Situation
USA:
mid-term readiness for construction
Germany: „The government is the first one to have announced to be principally committed to participating in the project. “
UK: substantial increase in R&D spending for LCsOECD-Science Ministers: endorsed road-map (Jan. 04)
The consensus of the hep-community is essential for success!
near-
term
read
iness f
or
con
str
ucti
on
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 48
Why? detector challenges LC << LHC ?
Precision of LC needs detectors with precision not achieved so far!
TESLA TDR
GLC-detector
NA-all Si detector
Linear Collider Detector R&D
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 49
TESLA TDR
World-wide co-ordinated R&D activities under way:
Active LC Detector R&D Collaborations
Robert Klanner - DESY Loops and Legs 2004: HEP Programme DESY 27.April 2004 50
- HERA: HERA II until mid 2007
- Astro-Particle-Physics: high energy neutrino astro- physics: Baikal
Amanda IceCube
- Theory: a broad scientific programme
- Experiments beyond prepare for Linear Collider + HERA: participation in an experiment at an external accelerator between HERA II and the LC
High Energy Programme DESY
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