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FIRST AID

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First aid

First aid is the immediate care to a personwho injured or suddenly becomes ill .

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The principle aims of first aid

To care for life threatening condition To minimize infection. To make the victim as comfortable as possible and

to conserve strength To arrange for transport the victim to a medical

facility, when necessary.

In the first aid the following obligations are also met

: Moral Legal Economic

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Victim assessment stage

primary survey checking for andcontrolling life threatening

secondary survey checking for andstabilizing injuries or illness notthreatening

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Life Threatening Emergency Survey( primary survey )

The ABCs are emergencies

immediately threatening to life:

Airway Breathing

Circulation & bleeding.

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State of consciousness: establish responsiveness

check pupils

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Arrested or abnormal breathing :

observe chest and feel for exhaled air at

mouth and nose as appropriate : clear or open the airway

perform artificial ventilation seal chest wounds stabililize flail chest

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flail chest

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Arrested or abnormal pulse :

check carotid pulse if none , provide CPR if rapid and weak , anticipate shock elevate

patient's legs ( if there are no head or chest

injuries), maintain body temperature

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external bleeding observe for indication of external bleeding use direct pressure dress and bandage wound preserve avulsed parts. dont replace exposed organ dont remove penetrating objects

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Internal bleeding and shock

observe skin color , temperature andpupils

place in shock position , and maintainbody temperature

check for and eliminate cause if possible

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Survey of problem not threatening to life secondary survey

Skull injury or brain damage: Observe for confusion, unresponsiveness,

unconsciousness. Check to see that pupils of the eye function

together and are the same size. Observe for laceration and contusions about the

face and scalp; dont move the head any morethan is absolutely necessary.

Feel gently for depressions in the skull.

Look for fluid or blood from ears or nose. If there is evidence of skull injury or brain damage,

suspect a neck (spinal cord) injury.

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Spinal cord injury: Ask the patient if he can move his arms

and legs.

Touch the arms and the legs and ask thevictim if he feels the touch If the victim is unconscious, assume there

is a spine injury.

Splint the spine as appropriate

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Fractures, dislocations, and wounds:

Observe obvious wound and deformities(including a leg turn out or in ).

Ask the victim if he feels tenderness or painin any area.

Straighten angulated fractures of longbones except the spine. Immobilize all fractures or dislocations as

appropriate.

Dont replace protruding bones. Dress and bandage all open wounds

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