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ANJURANJPN SELANGOR
TEMPATHOTEL ROSA PASSADENA, CAMERON
HIGHLANDS
KUMPULAN 3KASMAIDI BIN AB.KADER (SMK
KG.SOEHARTO)HANITA SAMADI (SMK SEKSYEN 24 SHAH
ALAM)ROZEE BT HJ.RUSLANI (SMK BDR TUN
HUSSEIN ONN 2)NOR AZLINA ZAINAL ABIDIN (SMK TAMAN
SEA)NORPISHAH BT MD.REJAB (SMK DENGKIL)
OBJEKTIF PEMBELAJARAN1. Menyatakan latar belakang tamadun
Yunani, Rom, India dan China.2. Mengenal pasti aspek-aspek yang membawa
kepada peningkatan tamadun.3. Menghuraikan sumbangan tamadun Yunani,
Rom, India dan China.4. Merasionalkan kepentingan agama dan
ajaran utama dunia dalam perkembangan tamadun manusia.
YUNANIROM
CHINA INDIA
KEDUDUKAN TAMADUN DALAM PETA DUNIA
ASPEK PENINGKATAN TAMADUN:PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRANPERUNDANGANPERLUASAN KUASAPENINGKATAN EKONOMIPENINGKATAN SOSIAL
PENDIDIKANFALSAFAHSAINS DAN TEKNOLOGISENI BINABAHASA & SASTERASISTEM SOSIAL
TUKESAHDAPATFULUSTAPIBUATSAMPAHSARAP
MONARKI
OLIGARKI
ARISTOKRASI
TIRANI/DIKTATOR
DEMOKRASI
PERBEZAAN DEMOKRASI
UNDANG-UNDANG DIGUBAL
OLEH DEWAN PERHIMPUNAN
NEGARA HARUS DIPERINTAH OLEH AHLI
FALSAFAH KERANA HANYA MEREKA FAHAMI UNDANG-
UNDANG(PLATO)
PENYATUAN MACEDONIA DENGAN YUNANI OLEH PHILIP II
Telah menyebarkan kebudayaan Hellenistik ke negara-negara
Jajahan takluknya.
Hellenistic civilization thus represents a fusion of the Ancient
Greek world with that of Asia, and a departure from the traditional Greek attitude to "barbarian" cultures. The
extent to which a genuinely hybrid Greco-Asian cultures emerged is
contentious; consensus tends to point towards pragmatic cultural
adaptation by the elites of society; for the mass of the population, life would
probably have continued much as before[1].
During the Hellenistic period the importance of Greece proper within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. The great centers of Hellenistic culture
were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic Egypt and Seleucid Syria
respectively. Cities such as Pergamon, Ephesus, Rhodes and Seleucia were also
important, and increasing urbanization of the Eastern Mediterranean was
characteristic of the time.
Hellenistic culture. The name derives from the fact that Greek culture spread throughout the area in the last 3 centuries before
the common era. In the Hellenistic period, It was in the cities that the descendants of the Greco-Macedonian conquerors became a professional class
of rulers and soldiers and merchants, which provided a cultural and economic bond throughout the area, even though political
unity did not survive the death of Alexander. As the administrators and the merchants of their world, in spite of
being in the minority, they had an influence out of proportion to their numbers.
The city of Alexandria, founded by Alexander, located on the Mediterranean at the mouth of the Nile, became the most
prominent center of commerce and learning. The library in Alexandria became the depository for recording many of the
literary and scientific achievements of the time. Although women continued to have a subordinate status, some
lucky few of the wealthy and ruling classes, would have the opportunity to become involved in commerce or in intellectual
activities. For the most part, however, women had no part in public life.
Slavery, which had been a commonly accepted practice throughout the history of ancient civilization, remained a
prominent part of Hellenistic culture.
Serba sedikit tentang riwayat hidup dan perjuangan Alexander The Great meluaskan empayar…
The Iliad (Greek: Ἰλιάς [iliás] (Ancient), Ιλιάδα [ili'aða] (Modern)) is, together with the Odyssey, one of two ancient Greek epic
poems traditionally attributed to Homer. However, the claim of a single author is disputed, as the poems show evidence of a long
oral tradition and hence, possible multiple authors.Many scholars believe the poem to be the oldest extant work of
literature in the ancient Greek language. The poem concerns events during the tenth and final year of the
Trojan War, the siege of the city of Ilion or Troy, by the Greeks. The plot centers on the Greek warrior Achilles and his anger
toward the king of Mycenae, Agamemnon, which proves disastrous for the Greeks.[2] It provides many of the events that
the later poems of the Epic Cycle build on, including the death of the Trojan captain Hector.
Written in dactylic hexameter, the Iliad comprises 15,693 lines of verse. Later ancient Greeks divided it into twenty-four books or
scrolls, a convention that has lasted to the present day with little change.
The word Iliad means "pertaining to Ilios" (in Latin, Ilium), the city proper, as opposed to Troy (in Greek, Τροία, Troía; in Latin,
Troia, Troiae, f., in Turkish Truva), the state centered around Ilium.
Boys were taught at home by their mothers until they were 6 or 7 years old. In Athens the education was left up to the
father. Students were taught by private schoolmasters. The boys from wealthy families were taken to school by a
trusted slave. The students learned to write on wax-covered tablets with a stylus. Books were very expensive, so they
were rare. The students in Athens learned to add, subtract, multiply, and divide. They also learned about fractions.
Students learned the words of Homer and how to play the lyre. Boys were trained in sports. Wealthy children learned to ride horseback. Other sports included wrestling, using a bow and a sling, and swimming. At age 14 boys attended a higher school for four more years. At age 18 boys went to
military school. They graduated at age 20.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Spartan SchoolsWhen babies were born in Sparta, Spartan soldiers would come by the
house to examine them. If the baby did not look healthy, it was taken away and left to die or trained as a slave. If the baby was healthy, it
was assigned membership in a brotherhood or sisterhood.The boys in Sparta were sent to military camps of their brotherhood
when they turned 7. They learned how to read and write until they were about 14. The Spartan government wanted to make the boys tough. To do this they were given little clothing and no shoes. They
slept on hard beds made of reeds and were not given any covers. They were not given enough food. They were trained in survival skills and
how to be a good soldier. Reading and writing were taught as secondary skills.
Between ages 18 to 20 each boy had to pass a fitness test. If he did not pass the test, he became a perioidos. This was a person of middle class
who had no political rights and was not even considered a citizen. If the boy passed he served in the military and continued to train as a
soldier. Military service lasted until the boy reached age 60.The girls were trained in the school of their sisterhood. They were
taught physical education. Classes include wrestling, gymnastics, and combat training. The Spartans wanted girls to be strong so that they
would have healthy children. At age 18 the Spartan girl had to pass a fitness test. She was then assigned a husband and allowed to return
home. If she failed the test, she became a perioikos.
WARGA SPARTA
ACROPOLIS
PARTHENON – RUMAH IBADAT (TUHAN ATHENA)
The most famous games held at Olympia, South- West of Greece, which took place every four years. The ancient Olympics seem to
have begun in the early 700 BC, in honour of Zeus. No women were allowed to watch the games and only Greek nationals could
participate. One of the ancient wonders was a statue of Zeus at Olympia, made of gold and ivory by a Greek sculptor Pheidias. This
was placed inside a Temple, although it was a towering 42 feet high.The games at Olympia were greatly expanded from a one-day
festival of athletics and wrestling to, in 472 BC, five days with many events. The order of the events is not precisely known, but the first day of the festival was devoted to sacrifices. On the Middle Day of
the festival 100 oxen were sacrificed in honor of a God. Athletes also often prayed and made small sacrifices themselves..
On the second day, the foot-race, the main event of the games, took place in the stadium, an oblong area enclosed by sloping banks of
earth.At Olympia there were 4 different types of races; The first was
stadion, the oldest event of the Games, where runners sprinted for 1 stade, the length of the stadium(192m). The other races were a 2-stade race (384 m.), and a long-distance run which ranged from 7 to
24 stades (1,344 m. to 4,608 m.).The fourth type of race involved runners wearing full amor, which was 2-4 stade race (384 m. to 768
m.), used to build up speed and stamina for military purposes.On other days, wrestling, boxing, and the pancratium, a
combination of the two, were held. In wrestling, the aim was to throw the opponent to the ground three times, on either his hip,
back or shoulder. In ancient Greek wrestling biting and genital holds were illegal.
Boxing became more and more brutal; at first the pugilists wound straps of soft leather over their
fingers as a means of deadening the blows, but in later times hard leather, sometimes weighted with
metal, was used. In the pancratium, the most rigorous of the sports, the contest continued until one or the
other of the participants acknowledged defeat.Horse-racing, in which each entrant owned his horse,
was confined to the wealthy but was nevertheless a popular attraction. The course was 6 laps of the track,
with separate races for whereupon the rider would have no stirrups. It was only wealthy people that
could pay for such training, equipment, and feed of both the rider and the horses.
So whichever horse won it was not the rider who was awarded the Olive wreath but the owner. There were also Chariot races, that consisted of both 2-horse and
4-horse chariot races, with separate races for chariots drawn by foals. There was also a race was between
carts drawn by a team of 2 mules, which was 12 laps of the stadium track.
OLIMPIK – upacara sembah Tuhan Zeus di Athena
Peserta Olimpik….. Hanya lelaki. Mengapa?
TAMADUN ROM
Jelaskan ciri-ciri demokrasi di Athens.
(8 markah)
ASPEK PENINGKATAN TAMADUN:PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRANPERUNDANGANPERLUASAN KUASAPENINGKATAN EKONOMIPENINGKATAN SOSIAL
PENDIDIKANFALSAFAHSAINS DAN TEKNOLOGISENI BINABAHASA & SASTERASISTEM SOSIAL
TUKESAHDAPATFULUSTAPIBUATSAMPAHSARAP
PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRAN ROM
PERUBAHAN PENTADBIRAN PEMERINTAHAN ROM DIAMBILALIH OLEH JULIUS CAESAR
UNDANG2 PAPAN DUA BELAS/TWELVE TABLES
EMPAYAR ROM di bawah pentadbiran AUGUSTUS CAESAR
EKONOMI ROMTIADA REKOD
FALSAFAH ROM
SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGIILMU MATEMATIK DIKAITKAN
DGN MUZIK, GEOMETRI & ASTRONOMI
TOKOH: BOETHIUSPENYERAPAN UNSUR YUNANI
SENI BINA
PERTARUNGAN GLADIATOR ROMDI COLLOSEUM
If you had lived in ancient times, you could have applied to become a Roman citizen. Not everyone who applied was
accepted, but anyone could apply. Would you have wanted to become a Roman citizen? You might have. The ancient Romans invented more games than any other ancient
civilization. The ancient Romans were very different from the ancient
Greeks. The ancient Romans were down-to-earth realists, not idealists. You can see this in their statues. The Greeks
made statues of perfect people. The Romans created real life statues. A statue of one of the Roman emperors is a good
example. His nose is huge! The ancient Greeks would never have done that.
The Romans were fierce soldiers and wonderful builders. They built roads all over the empire, and all roads led to
Rome. The ancient Greeks had roads, but they were not built nearly as well, and the Greek's roads did not connect in any
particular order. Connect to what? Each Greek city-state was its own unit. In ancient Rome, Rome was the heart of the
empire!
ASPEK PENINGKATAN TAMADUN:PEMERINTAHAN & PENTADBIRANPERUNDANGANPERLUASAN KUASAPENINGKATAN EKONOMIPENINGKATAN SOSIAL
PENDIDIKANFALSAFAHSAINS DAN TEKNOLOGISENI BINABAHASA & SASTERASISTEM SOSIAL
TUKESAHDAPATFULUSTAPIBUATSAMPAHSARAP
MAHARAJA
KERAJAAN BERPENGARUH – EMPAYAR MAURYA
Peta Empayar Maurya
TIANG ASOKA
ASHOKA
The Kalinga War a Change of Heart During Ashoka's grandfather's time the Kalinga army had only 60,000 infantry, 1,000 cavalry and 700 elephants. During
Bindusara's reign and at the beginning of Ashoka's reign Kalinga must have improved its armed forces considerably.
The mighty Magadha army marched towards Kalinga. Ashoka himself went at the head of his vast army.
The Kalinga army resisted the Magadha army and fought bravely. They were not afraid even of death. But their valor and sacrifices were in vain. Every thinner and
finally it accepted defeat. Ashoka won a glorious victory.
'What Have I done! True, Ashoka was victorious and Kalinga was his.
What was the price of this victory? One of Ashoka's own inscriptions describes it:
One and a half people were taken prisoners. A lake was killed during the battle. Many more died as a result of the war.'
Ashoka who led the army saw the battlefield with his own eyes. As far as his eye could see he saw only the corpses of elephants and horses, and the limbs of soldiers killed in the battle. There were streams of blood. Soldiers
were rolling on the ground in unbearable pain. There were orphaned children. And eagles flew about to feast on the dead bodies.
Not one or two but hundreds of terrible sights greeted Ashoka's eyes. His heart was broken with grief and shame.
He felt unhappy over the victory, which he had won at the cost of so much suffering. 'What a dreadful deed have I done! I was the head of a vast empire, but I
longed to subjugate a small kingdom and caused the death of thousands of soldiers; I widowed thousands of women and orphaned thousands of children. With these oppressive thoughts in his minds he could not stay there any longer. He led
his army back towards Pataliputra with a heavy heart.
PENINGKATAN EKONOMI INDIA
HASIL PERDAGANGAN
HASIL BUAH-BUAHAN
SARA ANGGOTA TENTERA,
PENTADBIR, RAJA
KEMAJUAN EKONOMI
PENDIDIKAN DI INDIA
FALSAFAH INDIA
SENI BINA
BAHASA DAN KESUSASTERAAN
BAHASA
SISTEM KASTA
TUJUAN
KAWAL TINGKAH LAKU MANUSIA
PERUNDANGAN
JALAN SUTERA DARAT
HINDUBUDDHA
KRISTIANISLAM
CONFUCIANISMETAOISME
HINDU
HINDU
TERIMA KASIH
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