selecting appropriate statistical procedures
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SELECTING APPROPRIATE STATISTICAL PROCEDURES
報告者:許之馨授課老師:任維廉 教授
OUTLINE Introduction Decision-tree model
Decision-tree flowcharts Major characteristics of the study Selecting appropriate descriptive and
inferential statistics Secondary analyses Caveats and disclaimers
Summary2
INTRODUCTION Research is a systematic process of inquiry.
Determine exactly what statistical procedures to use in analyzing the results in design phase.
Characteristics of the research determine what statistical procedures to use.
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DECISION-TREE MODEL(1/2) Organize the process of systematically
determining appropriate statistical procedures.
Decision-tree model is organized in five decision-tree flowcharts.
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DECISION-TREE MODEL(2/2) The procedures for determining an
appropriate statistical analysis1. Describe the study.2. Identify the study’s major characteristics.3. Make systematic decisions, but now using
the flowcharts.
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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(1/5)
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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(2/5)
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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(3/5)
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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(4/5)
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DECISION-TREE FLOWCHARTS(5/5)
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MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY(1/2)
1. Level of constraint?2. Independent variables?3. Levels of the independent variables?4. Type of design?5. Dependent variables
what they are how they are measured levels of measurement type of data for each
8.
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MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY(2/2)
9. Research hypotheses?10. What kind of test is needed?
Dependent measure Levels of measurement
Type of data
Score on the social-skills multiple-choice
testRatio Score
Ranking of subjects on social competence Ordinal Ordered
Independent classification of social
competenceNominal Nominal
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SELECTING APPROPRIATE DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS(1/2)
Descriptive Statisticsusing statistic to describe the characteristics of the data
Inferential Statisticsaccording to sample infer the characteristics of the population
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SELECTING APPROPRIATE DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS(2/2)
Different type of data use different flowchart.
If study has more than one research hypotheses, we would find the correct descriptive and inferential statistics for all dependent measures.
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SECONDARY ANALYSES After completing descriptive and
inferential analyses.
Categories Post hoc analyses Secondary analyses to help explain results Data snooping
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CAVEATS AND DISCLAIMERS Inferential statistics portion
there are other kinds of questions not covered by the set of flowchart.
The statistical procedures suggested by the flowcharts are not only appropriate procedures for answering a specific question.
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SUMMARY Selecting an appropriate statistical
procedure is often one of the most confusing steps in the research process for beginning students.
A flowchart system is presented that organizes for students a process of selecting an appropriate statistical procedures.
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Thanks for your attention
Q&A18
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