shelter med 101
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8/13/2019 Shelter Med 101
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NoKill Conference 2013Shelter Medicine for Non-Vets
Session IVaccination, Handling, Cleaning:
Cornerstones of Disease Prevention
Michael R. Moyer, V.M.D.NoKitten Consulting
Bridgewater Veterinary Hospital, Inc.
Pethealth, Inc. Consultant
info@nokitten.com
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Vaccination
When
Ideally, two weeks before admission to
shelter!
Practically, must be as close to immediately
on intake as possible
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Vaccination
Which vaccines
Dogs:
Distemper combination (distemper,
hepatitis/adenovirus II, parainfluenza, parvovirus)
Topical respiratory combination (nasal or oral
bordetella, nasal bordetella, parainfluenza, bordetella,
parainfluenza, adenovirus II)
Rabies (very likely, though not for infectiousdisease control in the shelter)
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Vaccination
Which vaccines
Cats:
Distemper combination (panleukopenia,
rhinotracheitis, calici)
Rabies (again, likely)
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Vaccination
Which products?
Modified live distemper combination (dogs
and cats)
Modified live respiratory topical (dogs)
Killed rabies (or vectored for cats)
Single dose vials preferred
Properly stored and reconstituted
Proper route of administration
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Vaccination
Questions?
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Animal Handling
Humane, safe, effective restraint means as much restraint
as necessary, but no more!
Necessary for the task, for the safety of the pet, and safetyof staff/public.
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Animal Handling
IT IS NEVER APPROPRIATE TO CORRECT
(PUNISH) FEAR, AGGRESSION, ANXIETY
IN A DOG OR CAT
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Dog Handling
Dogs are visually stimulated, if restrained/tethered/caged,
can develop “barrier frustration” and become incited to
display dog-directed aggression
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Dog Handling
Most dog bites in shelters are when dogs are agitated by
other dogs, passing in close proximity in hallways,
attempts at recapture, and during attempts to break up
dog fights.
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Dog Handling
Truly vicious dogs are rare, but they do occur; mis-directed
bites, fear bites feel exactly the same, though, so use all
caution.
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Dog Handling
Questions?
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Cat Handling
Minimize aversive noise stimuli—barking dogs, screaming
cats, mechanical noises, vibrations, blasting your crappy
music while you clean their cages
Photo courtesy Brenda Griffen
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Cat Handling
Handle cats once; don’t repeatedly pull them out to do
“one more thing”—they might give you a hall pass for thefirst effort, you will not escape unscathed on the repeat
attempt
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Cat Handling
Do the least noxious things first, with escalation to the more
noxious things
Give them an escape path towards a cat carrier or their
transport carrier
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Cat Handling
IT IS NEVER APPROPRIATE TO USE A CONTROL
POLE/RABIES POLE/CATCH POLE ON A CAT.
EVER.
SERIOUSLY.
USE OF SAME ON A CAT IS PROOF THAT SAID
PERSON IS GROSSLY INCOMPETENT TO HANDLE
LIVING ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY CATS.
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Cat Handling
Cat bites are very serious human injuries and must be
considered infected no matter how trivial they might look.I have known more people to spend time in a hospital for
cat bites than any other acquired injury/illness.
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Cleaning
Cleaning is the use of an agent (often a detergent) agent to
suspend/solubilize organic debris (think poo) to allow its
removal. Cleaning prepares the surface for disinfection.
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Cleaning
You can only clean surfaces that are smooth,
impervious, and hard.
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Cleaning
Surfaces that lend themselves to cleaning. The following
list is not complete, but should give you an idea. These
materials, in good condition, can be easily cleaned and
disinfected.a. Stainless steel
b. Melamine
c. Various laminates
d. Sealed/coated concrete
e. Various coated natural surfaces (stone)
f. Ceramic tile
g. Non-porous polymers
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Cleaning
Surfaces that are nearly impossible to clean and disinfect:a. Carpeting
b. Degraded polymers—deeply textured/scratched
c. Porous polymers—foam floor pads
d. Pillowse. Thick textiles—comforters, insulated blankets
f. Un-coated wood
g. Drywall (sheetrock)
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Disinfection
Bleach is not magic but appropriately and freshly diluted
bleach is effective; so are several other products which
are less noxious than bleach.
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Disinfection
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is inactivated by
organic matter, exposure to light
It is fairly corrosive, degrades many textiles,
and is moderately noxious
It is cheap, effective, readily identified (I can tellwhen someone has added it to the mop
bucket), though vulnerable to incorrect
dilution
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Disinfection
So how many ounces of bleach to make a 1:32
dilution?
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Disinfection
Calcium hypochlorite
Wysiwash
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Disinfection
Sodium peroxymonosulfate
Trifectant/Virkon-S
Slight detergent action
Must be mixed from dry powder--noxious dust
Leaves slight film on stainless surfaces
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Cleaning in Residence for Cats
Also known as "spot cleaning"
Useful for single (or small group) housed cats
Not for litters of kittens!!
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Cleaning in Residence for Cats
a. Less stress (for cat)
b. Less chance for spread of diseases
c. Can be faster (not always)
d. Perfectly safe to keep a cat in its own, non-disinfectedcage with removal of soil/spills, fresh litter/food/water.
T l f Di M t
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Tools for Disease Management
Quarantine
Isolation
Intake Diversion
General Housing by Species/Age
Risk Assessment
Operating Procedures
Communication with Stakeholders
Convalescent Care
Outsourced vs. In-shelter
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Tools for Disease Management
Quarantine
Foster/rescue households may function as
quarantine for certain diseases (with care to
protect any resident pets!)
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Tools for Disease Management
Isolation
While separate space is the ideal, most reliable type of
space, functional isolation can be achieved with enforcedpeople/animal movement restrictions and temporary
physical barriers. Contagious respiratory diseases in
dogs have been managed using shower curtains as
dividers.
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Tools for Disease Management
Intake Diversion
If your shelter is experiencing a highly contagious or severe
disease problem, intake diversion prevents spread tonew intakes, reducing the population at risk for getting
sick.
Diversion to another facility within or organization,
borrowed space, or via distribution of intake to alternateshelters.
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Tools for Disease Management
General Housing
Minimum by age and by species
Dog
Puppies
CatsKittens (with queens)
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Tools for Disease Management
Adoption Status
For quarantined
For isolated/symptomatic
For exposed but not sick
For convalescent
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Tools for Disease Management
Convalescent Care
Outsourced
Foster/rescue
Outside vet practice
Volunteer network
In-shelter
Isolation (for contagious)
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Questions?
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