solar pv cells

SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

Roll no. : 107115009

BASICS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMA photovoltaic (PV), is made up of several photovoltaic solar cells.

An individual PV cell is usually small, producing about 1 or 2 watts of power. To boost the power output of PV cells, they are connected together to form larger units called modules.

Modules, in turn, can be connected to form even larger units called arrays, which can be interconnected to produce more power, and so on.

AC ELECTRICITY THEN TRAVELS THROUGH THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK IN YOUR HOME.

1. GRID-TIED SOLAR ELECTRIC ARRAY

2. OFF-GRID SOLAR ELECTRIC ARRAY

CLASSIFICATION OF PV SYSTEMS

The electricity which the solar PV system generates during the daytime is utilized by powering the loads and feeding excess power to the grid.

IN CASES, WHERE SOLAR POWER IS NOT SUFFICIENT DUE TO CLOUD COVER ETC. THE LOADS ARE SERVED BY DRAWING POWER FROM THE GRID.

THE GRID- INTERACTIVE ROOFTOP SPV SYSTEMS THUS WORK ON NET METERING BASIS WHEREIN THE BENEFICIARY PAYS TO THE UTILITY ON NET METER READING BASIS ONLY.

In grid interactive systems, it is to be ensured that in case the grid fails, the solar power has to be stopped immediately feeding to the grid so as to safe-guard the technician from getting electrocuted while working on the grid for maintenance etc. This feature is termed as ‘Islanding Protection’.

As your PV system is now stopped for safety purpose, it leaves unused solar electricity sitting on the roof.

As a safety feature within grid-tied systems, when the grid is down, users can neither sell energy back to the utility, nor supply their homes with power.

THE DISADVANTAGE

An off-grid solar electric array has no connection with the utility grid and so grid outages are meaningless to off-grid systems.

The system’s energy storage is limited to what is contained in the batteries. When there is no sun, the system must run from the stored energy in the batteries.

However, due to the expense of batteries, the battery storage of off-grid systems is typically quite limited.