startup turkey 2017 - ameer khan
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Innovation, Technology, and Silicon Valley
U.S. Embassy Ankara Turkey
Who Am I? Aamer Khan US Diplomat – Foreign Service Officer (2011-Now) Engineer, Technologist & Entrepreneur (1993-2011) Electrical Engineer - METU/ODTU Ankara
Worked at: IBM, Rational Software, Hewlett Packard, and a few other companies.
Owned and Run: Silicon Valley Startups (1996-2002) Patents on software development processes, tools, and technology.
Expertise: Software Programming, Internet & Information Technology, Designing Software Development Tools, Managing Software Development Teams…. & now representing the United States as a diplomat
Our agenda today A brief history of Silicon Valley….
Why it exists… why in California and what were some of the triggering events.
Intertwined with a little about me…. because it might be relevant to fellow graduates of technical schools in Turkey.
And finally we want to look at what sustains American entrepreneurship?
Caveats I am an Engineer not a historian.
The story can be told with many different perspectives…. This is just one possible perspective.
I will not mention many things that you might consider an important part of the story….
The beginning…. 1946
Fredrick Terman1900-1982
Microwave Valley? Customer = Military Problem = Penetrating and disabling the USSR radar
network. Objective:
Signals Intelligence – to understand the USSR radar systems
Jammers – to disable the USSR radar systems Stealth – to reduce radar footprints of US aircraft
Solution: Microwave power tubes Electronically tunable High power, broad frequency range, and high speed
Stanford Industrial Park…. 1951
Semiconductors…. mid 1950s
William Shockley1910-1989
Integrated Circuits…. on Silicon Jack Kilby – Texas Instruments first
patent for an integrated circuit made on Germanium – 1959
Robert Noyce – Fairchild Semiconductor six months later made on Silicon – 1959
Componentization Miniaturization Mass production Low cost with increasing volume
Customer still the Government……. 1960s Aerospace Program is key motivator:
Apollo Program – Guidance Computer Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles – Guidance
Computer 1966 – 2632 computers in the U.S. of which 1967
work for the Defense Department. 1968 – 37% of the total integrated circuit market
is for US Aerospace Program 1961 - IBM has 81% share of world computer
market
But …. things are about to change
Microprocessor & Memory…. late 1960s
Gordon Moore1929 - Robert Noyce
1927 - 1990
FoundedJuly 18, 1968
1K DRAM1970
I4004 - Microprocessor1971
Storage 1970s
San Jose Research Lab
IBM Floppy Disk1971
IBM Winchester Hard Drive1973
First Successful Microcomputer
Apple Computer1976
Steve Jobs – 1955 - 2011Steve Wozniak – 1950 - Apple II
1977
Why did Apple succeed? Killer Application -- Electronic Spreadsheet
VisiCalc VisiCorp Dan Bricklin Personal Productivity Powerful Cost Savings
IBM & Microsoft IBM PC – 1981
Intel 8088 Off the shelf parts PC DOS 1.0
Time to market
MS-DOS 1.0 IBM PC Clones Q-DOS Very successful
Killer Application Lotus 1-2-3 Mitch Kapor 1983
First Successful Microcomputer
Venture Capital
1958 SBIC Act : Gov’t match private investment 3:11978 - Capital Gains Slashed – 49.5% to 28%1979 - Employee Retirement Income Security Act
- Pension funds can invest in VC funds
The Golden Rule He who has the gold makes the rules.
While all this was going on…. 1969 – ARPANET inaugurated with four nodes
– UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, and UC Santa Barbara, University of Utah.
ARPANET to The Internet 1983 – TCP/IP running
on Unix BSD 4.2 Debut’s on Arpanet.
1985 – Arpanet officially renamed “The Internet’
1986 - Internet Engineering Task Force
1990 – “hypertext” introduced by Tim Berners-Lee CERN
Needs killer applications….
Killer Applications for the Internet Browser – HTTP and Hypertext – in1993 Early
version of Mosaic – NCSA University of Illinois Urbana Champaign
Web Servers with Content – in 1993 only 50 WWW servers known to exist.
Search Engine – in 1990 search engine Archie exists but not much to search.
Email – Most popular application on the Internet
Yet again… the valley is on fire
1994 – Netscape NavigatorInternet Information Server
1995 – Search Engine 1996 – Free Email
1995 – Portal, Email & Search Engine
1997/8 – Search Engine
Investment Venture Capital – 2015
Ref: EY Global VC Trends 2015
What sustains Silicon Valley? Availability, concentration, and fluidity of risk capital.
Business friendly regulatory environment.
Availability of skilled and innovative workers.
Universities, research & development institutions.
Intellectual property rights.
The legend, the dream, the belief that …. Yes You Can!
Questions?
Become a Fan! www.facebook.com/usdos.turkeyFollow us on Twitter @USEmbassyTurkey
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