stereotype & prejudice
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STEREOTYPE & PREJUDICE
COMM 321 & COMM 322 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION The
termstereotypederivesfrom theGreekwords (stereos), "firm,
solidand
(typos)impression" hence "solid impression". Think LOCAL before
Global;
Stereotyping Think LOCAL beforeGlobal; Stereotype STEREOTYPES ARE
GENERALIZATIONSABOUT A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHEREBY WE ATTRIBUTE A
DEFINED SET OFCHARACTERISTICS TO THIS GROUP. ASTEREOTYPEIS A
POPULAR BELIEFABOUT SPECIFIC TYPES OF INDIVIDUALS. STEREOTYPES
STEREOTYPES ARE CLASSIFICATION, ANDSTANDARDIZED AND
SIMPLIFIEDCONCEPTIONS OF GROUPS BASED ONSOME PRIOR ASSUMPTIONS.
THESE CLASSIFICATIONS CAN BE POSITIVEOR NEGATIVE, SUCH AS WHEN
VARIOUS NATIONALITIES ARE STEREOTYPED AS FRIENDLY OR UNFRIENDLY.
STEREOTYPES An oversimplified image or statement applied to awhole
group of people, without regard for theindividual. ANOTHER NAME FOR
STEREOTYPING IS BIAS. Bias is a predisposition to see events,
people oritems in a positive or negative way. Bias is an attitude
or belief. What are stereotypes? STEREOTYPES ARE A HIGHLY
SIMPLIFIED, GENERAL ANDEXAGGERATED TYPE OF REPRESENTATION THEY ARE
ALSOOFTEN NEGATIVE HOWEVER- THEY GENERALLY ALWAYS CONTAIN A GRAINOF
TRUTH. MEN ONLY MOW, TAKE OUT TRASH, AND BUILD/FIX THINGS
MEN ARE STRONGER, BETTER AT SPORTS, AND ALL MEN GET IN FIGHTS
MEN CAN'T COOK MEN DON'T DO LAUNDRY WOMEN STEREOTYPES WOMEN BELONG
IN THE KITCHEN
WOMEN SHOULDN'T PLAY SPORTS
We all need to understand stereotypes
Use these questions to ask yourself how you areinfluenced by
stereotypes: Does something about this persons appearance
orbehavior make me think that they are better or worse? What is the
basis for making this assumption? Stereotypes What labels am I
consciously or subconsciouslyapplying to this person? To what
cultural group am I assuming this personbelongs to? What do I know
about that group and that groupswithin-group differences? Am I
thinking globally? WHY ARE STEREOTYPES USED?
STEREOTYPES OFFER A SHORTCUT FOR MEANINGAS THEY CONVEY A LOT OF
INFORMATIONQUICKLY. STEREOTYPES CONDENSE COMPLEX INFORMATIONINTO A
CHARACTER WHO IS EASY TO RECOGNISEAND EASY TO DEAL WITH.
STEREOTYPES ARE OFTEN OF MINORITY GROUPS. STEREOTYPING CAN BE USED
TO MARGINALISEAND DEVALUE GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY . A "STEREOTYPE" IS
A GENERALIZATION ABOUT APERSON OR GROUP OF PERSONS.
WE DEVELOP STEREOTYPES WHEN WE ARE UNABLEOR UNWILLING TO OBTAIN ALL
OF THE INFORMATION WE WOULD NEED TO MAKE FAIR JUDGMENTS ABOUT
PEOPLE ORSITUATIONS. IN THE ABSENCE OF THE "TOTAL PICTURE,"
STEREOTYPES IN MANY CASES ALLOW US TO "FILL IN THE BLANKS."
TELEVISION, BOOKS, COMIC STRIPS, AND MOVIESARE ALL ABUNDANT SOURCES
OF STEREOTYPEDCHARACTERS.
FOR MUCH OF ITS HISTORY, THE MOVIE INDUSTRYPORTRAYED
AFRICAN-AMERICANS AS BEINGUNINTELLIGENT, LAZY, OR VIOLENCE-PRONE.
IN THE SAME WAY, PHYSICALLY ATTRACTIVEWOMEN HAVE BEEN AND CONTINUE
TO BEPORTRAYED AS UNINTELLIGENT OR UNINTELLECTUAL AND SEXUALLY
PROMISCUOUS. Where Do Stereotypes Come From? STEREOTYPES ARE OFTEN
USED INBOOKS TO PROJECT THE CHARACTERSON TELEVISION SHOWS.
IT IS ALSO USED IN ADVERTISING TOSELL PRODUCTS. STEREOTYPES ARE
ALSO PASSED ONFROM ADULTS TO THEIR CHILDRENTHROUGH COMMENTS MADE
ABOUTPEOPLE AND PLACES. What Problems are caused by Stereotyping?
STEREOTYPES ARE OFTEN ACCEPTED ASTRUTHS.
STEREOTYPES LEADS TO MISTAKEN BELIEFABOUT ONESELF. STEREOTYPING CAN
AFFECT YOURJUDGMENTS OF PEOPLE OR INDIVIDUALS. IT CAN LEAD TO
DISCRIMINATION. IT DAMAGES SELF-IMAGE AND SELF-ESTEEM. Stereotyping
Task The Media and Stereotyping The media uses stereotypes all the
time. In small groups draw and annotate acommon media stereotype.
Remember to focus on how they areconstructed physical
appearance,behavioural and speech characteristics. Describe a Time
When You
were exposed to stereotypes in media (TV, movie,music, etc).What
message did it send? when you have been the recipient or target of
astereotype?How did that affect you? when you have witnessed
someone else beingstereotyped?What did you do? We must be the
change we want to see in the world. Mahatma Gandhi
Communication provides the legs for bias, carryingit from person to
person, from generation to generation. Eventually, however,
communication will be the way to end discrimination. John N.
BaileyABC, Exec. Director, International Association of Business
Communicators We must be the change we want to see in the world.
Mahatma Gandhi Gender Stereotypes Around the World ITS EASY TO
THINK THAT SOME BEHAVIORS AREJUST INHERENTLY MALE OR FEMALE.
BOYS LIKE TO PLAY WITH TRUCKS. GIRLS LIKE TO PLAY WITH DOLLS. MEN
PROPOSE MARRIAGE, WOMEN TAKE THEIRHUSBANDS LAST NAME. BUT WHAT MAY
BE NORMAL IN THE WESTERNWORLD ISNT NECESSARILY SO ACROSS THEGLOBE.
Belgium: Boys Wear Pink
When its time to paint a babys bedroomor pick out an outfit, many
of us in thewestern world immediately choose pink forgirls and blue
for boys. But it wasnt always that way, and, insome places, it
still isnt. In Belgium, this is still considered normal. . E De of
Vietnam: Men Take Womens Last Names
The E De ethnic group of Souther Vietnamhas one of the most
female-centriccultures in the world: all the property is owned by
women, andinherited by daughters. Men move into their brides
longhouse, like the one in the picture, and take their brides
family name : Japan: Only Women Give Gifts on Valentines Day
American men often pick up some roses,a box of chocolates or maybe
even adiamond or two for their female partners. But in Japan, the
reverse is true. Wow!,Japanese women buy their men gifts
onValentines Day usually just chocolate. Various Arab Countries:
Male Friends Hold Hands
, In 2005, George W. Bush made headlines after a pictureof him
holding hands withSaudi Crown Prince Abdullah in the Western World,
where hand-holding among adultsis generally reserved for couples,
its quite common inmuch of the Arab world hand-holding is a common
sign of friendship amongpeople of the same gender. Mauritania:
Obese Women are the Most Attractive
In Mauritania, a small country in West Africa, thefatter a woman
is, the more attractive she is. Obesity is considered a sign of
wealth, and thinnessis considered a sign of poverty and sickliness.
Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau: Women Propose to Men
. Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau: Women Propose to Men On this
small archipelago off the coast of WesternAfrica, its the women who
propose marriage tothe men and the men cant refuse Women prepare a
special dish for their husbands- to-be, a symbolic gesture akin to
the westernworlds getting down on one knee. PREJUDICES Prejudices
WHAT IS A PREJUDICE?
A PREJUDICE IS A JUDGMENT TOWARDS APERSON OR A GROUP OF PEOPLE,
USUALLYUNFAVORABLE PREJUDICES CAN REFER TO... GENDER,
USUALLYAGAINST WOMEN... BUT ALSO AGAINST HOMOSEXUALS PREJUDICES CAN
REFER TO... SOCIAL CLASS,EITHER AGAINST POOR PEOPLE... SOCIAL CLASS
PREJUDICES OR RICH PEOPLE Prejudices PREJUDICES CAN ALSO REFER TO
AGE
SOME PEOPLE HAVE RACIAL PREJUDICES SOME PEOPLE HAVE RELIGIOUS
PREJUDICES OTHERS HAVE PREJUDICES AGAINST DIFFERENTNATIONALITIES OR
AGAINST PEOPLE WHO ARE HANDICAPPEDOR DISABLED Social Sources of
Prejudice
SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION- DIVIDE WORLD INTOIN-GROUP (US) AND OUT-GROUP
(THEM) IN-GROUP BIAS- VIEW OWN GROUP MOREFAVORABLY Prejudices
PREJUDICES ARE: IRRATIONAL UNFAIR DANGEROUS,
BECAUSE THEY MAY RESULT IN IRRATIONALVIOLENCE BASED ON IRRATIONAL
BELIEFS WE ALL HAVE PREJUDICES... PREJUDICES HAVE A CULTURAL AND
HISTORICALORIGIN SOMETIMES. SOME OTHER TIMES, THEY ARE BASED ON
ANIRRATIONAL FEAR TO THOSE WHO ARE DIFFERENTTO US. Prejudices SO
WHEN YOU MEET SOMEONE NEW,
WHEN YOU SEE SOMEONE WHO IS DIFFERENT TOYOU, FORGET YOUR
PREJUDICES! MOST OF THE TIMES YOUR PREJUDICES WILL BEWRONG IF YOU
USE THEM FOR THAT PERSON! TAKE YOUR TIME. DONT JUDGE SOMEONE
WITHOUT TALKING TOTHAT PERSON, OR WITHOUT LISTENING TO HIM ORHER
BEFORE! Reducing Prejudice SOCIAL LEARNING INCREASE INTERGROUP
CONTACT
TEACH PARENTS TO SOCIALIZE CHILDREN TO BE TOLERANT INCREASE
INTERGROUP CONTACT CONTACT MUST INVOLVE COOPERATION AND
INTERDEPENDENCE NORMS FAVORING GROUP EQUALITY MUST EXIST FOCUS ON
INDIVIDUAL-BASED (VS. CATEGORY) PROCESSING FOCUS ON SIMILARITIES
BETWEEN IN-GROUP ANDNONTHREATENING OUT-GROUP EXTENDED CONTACT
HYPOTHESIS KNOWING THAT MEMBERS OF IN-GROUP HAVE FORMEDFRIENDSHIPS
WITH OUT-GROUP MEMBERS MAY REDUCE PREJUDICE 4 10 10 Key Terms &
Concepts Ethnocentrism The belief that ones own cultural or ethnic
group is superiorto all others Chinese word for China = Center of
the World Stereotypes is generalization that does not allow for
differences. Prejudice is a negative opinion, prejudgment or
attitude about a group orits individual members. Often accompanied
by ignorance, fear or hatred Discrimination is a behavior that
treats people unequally because of theirgroup memberships. Often
begins with negative stereotypes and prejudices Racism when one
cultural group oppresses another group Prejudice + power Xenophobia
is dislike or a fear of people from different countries,
cultures,origins, language, religion, etc... IT IS HARDER TO CRACK
A PREJUDICE THAN AN ATOM. ALBERT EINSTEIN
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