structuralism presentation

Structuralism

Lets Begin

Karachi University Department Teacher EducationBatch 2013th

PARTICIPANTS• Nabeel Ahmad• Maleeka Mehmood• Anum Hanif• Wajeeha Manzoor• Namra Mushtaq

Coming Up Next!• Brief history.• What Structuralism Actually Is?• INTROSPECTION (method which forms the basis of

Structuralism.)

What is introspection, its merits and limitations.

• Exemplification

Wilhelm Wundt• Wrote FIRST systematic book of psychology

(Physiological psychology)• After receiving M.D degree, he began career

as a Physiologist.• Later became interested in COMPLEX

MENTAL PROCESSES.• He was convinced that experimental

methods of PHYSIOLOGY could be applied to RESEARCH on

CONSCIOUSNESS

Wilhelm Wundt is regarded as Father Of Experimental

PsychologyWundt broke

Consciousness into two categories

(Objective sensation and Subjective

feelings)

So What Structuralism Really Is

Refers to a theory of Consciousness developed by William Wundt and Edward Bradford Titcehner.

It seeks to analyze the ADULT MIND (birth-present) in terms of simplest definable components.

These components fit together to from complex experiences which are also related to Physical events

Parts Leading To A Whole In

Mind

GOAL OF STRUCTURALISM

Understanding Consciousness!

having Self

awareness and ability

to introspect

Angry Girl V/S Angry Cat

If you are angry, you can try to understand your anger, why you are angry, what that anger feels like, etc.

But can a cat?

ELEMENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

• Consciousness the sum of our experiences that exist at any given time.

Introspectionhave You Seen An Inspector?

Oldest research method of psychology

Introspection?¤ Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.

¤ In psychology, the process of introspection relies solely on observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul.

¤ Introspection is closely related to human self-reflection and is contrasted with external observation.

¤ The philosopher Plato asked, "…why should we not calmly and patiently review our own thoughts, and thoroughly examine and see what these appearances in us really are?"

Introspective Observation is what we have to rely on first and foremost and

alwaysWILLIAM JAMES

•Cheapest and most economical method•No need of apparatus or laboratory•Can be used anytime anywhere.•Easiest and readily available to individual•Only method which helps a person to know and discover own feelings and emotions•This method gradually led to the development of more objective methods.

Limitations

Data collected by introspection can not be verified/ proved .

It is possible that the reporter may knowingly lie or hide facts to mislead.

It can only be done by adults and not children.

It needs Highly TRAINED AND SKILLED workers

In introspection mind studies its own working but actually mind can not accurately study itself.

EXAMPLE When one is in fear/ anger he can not study his mind. After a while when anger disappears he can study his mind.

(To expect an individual to study the working of mind during an emotional state is a mistaken belief)

• Human beings are NOT Static Objects.• Their mental process is under constant change.• So when attempts to introspect, the STATE of

mental process disappears.• Hence introspection is generally carried out

when a particular state of mind we wish to study has passed.

• So it really is RETROSPECTION that we do.

How Do Structuralism and Introspection Relate to

Education

"cold", "crisp", and "sweet"