temperature sensitivity of vaccines...speaker’s notes\爀嘀愀挀挀椀渀攀猀 愀爀攀...
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Rubella
Typhoid PS
JE live
Temperature sensitivity of vaccines
Freeze dried
Liquid, no adjuvant
Liquid, with alum adjuvant
Vaccine formulation
Rotavirus Rotavirus
HPV
Pneumo PS-PCV
JE inactivated
Measles
OPV
BCG
Hib
HepB
DTwP Penta- valent
T, DT, dT
Rabies
Yellow fever
MenA PS-PCV*
Hib
Least sensitive
Most sensitive
Vaccines to the left of the line are not damaged by freezing
Most sensitive
Least sensitive
Heat sensitivity
Freeze sensitivity
HepA
Influenza inactivated IPV
MMR
Varicella- zoster virus
DTaP Hexa- valent
MenC PS-PCV
*The diluent for MenA PS-PCV contains alum adjuvant and is freeze sensitive.
Cholera inactivated
Not sensitive
Heat sensitivity Vaccine
Most sensitive Oral poliovirus Varicella-zoster virus
Influenza (inactivated, split)
Inactivated poliovirus Japanese encephalitis (live) Measles, mumps, rubella
Cholera (inactivated) DTaP DTwP DTaP-hepatitis B-Hib-IPV (hexavalent) DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib (pentavalent) Hib (liquid) Measles Rotavirus (liquid and freeze dried) Rubella Yellow fever
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Human papillomavirus Japanese encephalitis (inactivated) T, DT, dT
Least sensitive Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hib (freeze dried) Meningitis A (polysaccharide-protein conjugate) Meningitis C (polysaccharide-protein conjugate) Pneumococcal (polysaccharide-protein conjugate) Rabies Typhoid PS
Vaccine sensitivity to heat
All freeze-dried vaccines become much more heat sensitive after they are reconstituted.
Note: Bolded vaccines are freeze dried.
Use vaccine vial monitors to monitor heat exposure.
Freeze sensitivity Vaccine Most sensitive Least sensitive
DTaP DTaP-hepatitis B-Hib-IPV (hexavalent) DTwP DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib (pentavalent) Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Human papillomavirus Meningitis C (polysaccharide-protein conjugate) Pneumococcal (polysaccharide-protein conjugate) T, DT, dT
Cholera (inactivated) Influenza (inactivated, split) Hib (liquid) Inactivated poliovirus Typhoid PS Rotavirus (liquid)*
These vaccines are not damaged by freezing.
Meningitis A (polysaccharide-protein conjugate)† Yellow fever
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Hib (freeze dried) Japanese encephalitis (live and inactivated) Measles Measles, mumps, rubella Oral poliovirus Rabies Rotavirus Rubella Varicella-zoster virus
Vaccine sensitivity to freezing
Cautions: Never expose these
vaccines to zero or subzero temperatures.
Avoid the use of ice for transport.
Note: Bolded vaccines are freeze dried.
* While the stability data for liquid rotavirus vaccines demonstrate some resistance to freezing, the temperature handling recommendations in the vaccine product insert should be followed. † The diluent for MenA PS-PCV contains alum adjuvant and is freeze-sensitive.
Abbreviations
Information sources 1. PATH, Working in Tandem. Summary of Vaccine Stability Data. Seattle: PATH; 2012. Available at:
http://www.path.org/publications/detail.php?i=1696. 2. World Health Organization. Temperature Sensitivity of Vaccines. Geneva: WHO; 2006. Available at:
http://www.path.org/vaccineresources/files/Temp_sensitivity_WHO.pdf.
Acknowledgments These slides have been adapted from an original slide set produced by Julie Milstien and John Lloyd at the Technet 2006 consultation.
BCG: bacillus Calmette-Guérin IPV: inactivated poliovirus vaccine
DTaP: diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis JE: Japanese encephalitis
DTwP diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis Men A: meningitis A
HepA: hepatitis A Men C: meningitis C
HepB: hepatitis B MMR: measles, mumps, rubella
Hexavalent DTaP-hepatitis B-Hib-IPV OPV: oral polio vaccine
Hib: Haemophilus influenzae type b Pentavalent DTwP-hepatitis B-Hib
HPV: human papillomavirus Pneumo: pneumococcal
Influenza: influenza (inactivated, split vaccine) PS: polysaccharide
PS-PCV: PS-protein conjugate vaccine
T, DT, dT: tetanus, diphtheria tetanus, diphtheria (low-dose) tetanus
Rubella
Typhoid PS
JE live
Temperature sensitivity of vaccines
Rotavirus Rotavirus
HPV
Pneumo PS-PCV
JE inactivated
Measles
OPV
BCG
Hib
HepB
DTwP Penta- valent
T, DT, dT
Rabies
Yellow fever
MenA PS-PCV*
Hib
Least sensitive
Vaccines to the left of the line are not damaged by freezing
Most sensitive
Least sensitive
Heat sensitivity
HepA
Influenza inactivated IPV
MMR
Varicella- zoster virus
DTaP Hexa- valent
MenC PS-PCV
Freeze dried
Liquid, no adjuvant
Liquid, with alum adjuvant
Vaccine formulation
*The diluent for MenA PS-PCV contains alum adjuvant and is freeze sensitive.
Cholera inactivated
Not sensitive
Freeze sensitivity
Most sensitive
Temperature sensitivity of vaccines
Freeze dried
Liquid, no adjuvant
Liquid, with alum adjuvant
Vaccine formulation
Least sensitive
Vaccines to the left of the line are not damaged by freezing
Most sensitive
Least sensitive
Heat sensitivity
Hib
Measles
OPV
BCG
Hib
HepB
DTwP Penta- valent
T, DT, dT
MMR
“Traditional” EPI vaccines
Rubella
Not sensitive
Freeze sensitivity
Most sensitive
Temperature sensitivity of vaccines
Rotavirus Rotavirus
HPV
Pneumo PS-PCV
Freeze dried
Liquid, no adjuvant
Liquid, with alum adjuvant
Vaccine formulation
Least sensitive
Vaccines to the left of the line are not damaged by freezing
Most sensitive
Least sensitive
Heat sensitivity
Hib
Measles
OPV
BCG
Hib
HepB
DTwP Penta- valent
T, DT, dT
MMR
“Traditional” EPI and newer vaccines
Rubella
Not sensitive
Freeze sensitivity
Most sensitive
Temperature sensitivity of vaccines
Typhoid PS
JE live
Rabies
Yellow fever
MenA PS-PCV*
JE inactivated
Freeze dried
Liquid, no adjuvant
Liquid, with alum adjuvant
Vaccine formulation
Least sensitive
Vaccines to the left of the line are not damaged by freezing
Most sensitive
Least sensitive
Heat sensitivity “Traditional” EPI and regionally specific vaccines
Hib
Measles
OPV
BCG
Hib
HepB
DTwP Penta- valent
T, DT, dT
MMR
Rubella
*The diluent for MenA PS-PCV contains alum adjuvant and is freeze sensitive.
Cholera inactivated
Not sensitive
Freeze sensitivity
Most sensitive
Temperature sensitivity of vaccines
Rotavirus
Rotavirus
HPV
Pneumo PS-PCV
Freeze dried
Liquid, no adjuvant
Liquid, with alum adjuvant
Vaccine formulation
Least sensitive
Vaccines to the left of the line are not damaged by freezing
Most sensitive
Least sensitive
Heat sensitivity
Hib
Measles
OPV
BCG
Hib
HepB
DTwP Penta- valent
T, DT, dT
MMR
HepA
Influenza inactivated IPV
Varicella- zoster virus
DTaP Hexa- valent
MenC PS-PCV
“Traditional” EPI, newer and middle-/
upper-income country vaccines
Rubella
Not sensitive
Freeze sensitivity
Most sensitive
Temperature sensitivity of vaccines
Freeze dried
Liquid, no adjuvant
Liquid, with alum adjuvant
Vaccine formulation
Least sensitive
Vaccines to the left of the line are not damaged by freezing
Most sensitive
Least sensitive
Heat sensitivity
HepA
Influenza inactivated IPV
DTaP Hexa- valent
MenC PS-PCV
Middle-/upper- income country vaccines
Varicella- zoster virus
Not sensitive
Freeze sensitivity
Most sensitive
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