term paper: gabriel marquez
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A STUDY OF SELECTED WORKS OF
GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ
An Undergraduate Research Paper Presented
to
Prof. Jesus Flor R. Nicolas
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For LITE 1023
by
Abbigail Derige
April Ivy T. Escota
March, 2012
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page .... i
Table of Contents... ii
Dedication... iii
Introduction...... 1
Historical Background 1
Statement of the Problem.......1
Importance of the Problem...1
Scope and Limitations...2
Definition of Terms2
Selected Literary Works...3
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings..3
Death Constant Beyond Love4The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World..5
One Hundred Years of Solitude...7
Conclusion.....8
Bibliography.....9
Secondary Sources.9
Primary Sources.....9
Appendices.....10
Appendix A...
Appendix B...
Appendix C...
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DEDICATION
The students who conducted this research dedicates this term paper to the great author
himself, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a Colombian novelist and short-story writer awarded with the
Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. He is still alive and is fighting cancer at the age of 85. The
students pray for his good health and devote this to him.
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INTRODUCTION
Historical Background of the Study
The student researchers selectively chose Gabriel Garcia Marquez from a list of Nobel
Prize winners for the reason of his exceptional way of telling his stories. It is a style of literature
known as magical realism. Whereas he tells stories that are supernatural and fantastic with
complete naturalness. Thus making the readers believe completely in what he says in his
stories. To make a story believable to readers views, the writer should first be the one who
believes it while making it. Marquez tells his stories with a brick face, an unchanging facial
expression, thus making his fantasies seem realistic. Contrary to what readers presume of his
works, they are not purely fiction but is tied and connected to life; which mostly is about
mankinds absurdities, and political issues and corruptions (politics itself).
Statement of the Problem
This study seeks to establish that Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a Nobel Prize in Literature
winner, is a great author. The student researchers deem to provide facts of his prominence
through his literary works.
Importance of the Problem
This paper is of relevance so as to attest to the greatness of the author Gabriel Garcia
Marquez through some of his works that the students had preferred to analyze.
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Scope and Limitations
The study is conducted in libraries and confines of the mind of the student researchers
in a short period of time. The extent of this study are a number of selected literary works of
Gabriel Garcia Marquez namely 3 short stories, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, Death
Constant Beyond Love, and The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World; and his greatest
novel, One Hundred Years of Solitude. The sources are limited only to books found in libraries.
Definition of Terms
Catechism a book of religious doctrine consisting of a series of questions and answer.
Celestial conspiracy According to the New Testament, Satan was originally an angel who led a
rebellion in heaven. He and his followers, called fallen angels, were exiled to hell.
Great Author - are great on account of how much they have contributed to the world of
fiction/non-fiction or literature. Being great also has much to do with how successfully a writer
is able to get his/her message across to those who are able to read his/her works, and/or how
successfully a writer is able to meet his "writing objectives" (to inspire, to entertain, to make
people laugh, to teach something, etc.) no matter how few the readers.
Ingenuous nave, to easily persuaded to believe.
Nobel Prize in Literature - awarded annually to an author from any country that has, in the
words of the will ofAlfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work
in an ideal direction.
Primate a high-ranking bishop.
Sidereal- of or pertaining to the stars
Supreme Pontiff- the pope.
Solitude state of being alone or withdrawn from society.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel -
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SELECTED LITERARY WORKS
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
In the story, Marquez stimulates the readers instinct to interpret without offering the
reader a clear interpretation. It is a short story in which Death and Rebirth is a reoccurring
theme. The angel starts off nearly dead but he is getting attention. Then one day gets no
attention and grows its wings and flies away.
In the beginning, the angel is found dying in the rain, his wings, dirty and half plucked.
The family who finds him takes him in to try to lessen his suffering and anguish; to prevent him
from dying. The priest looks at him in a pitiful manner. This symbolizes the death of the angel. It
is hard for him to move, For he had been motionless for so many hours that they thought he
was dead. He lies in the chicken coop, motionless to be tormented by the spectators trying to
get him to move. He was as good as dead.
The angel also experiences to time of neglecting. As the angel died, more and more each
day, people stopped being interested in him. To prove it Marquez wrote, ruined the angels
reputation when the woman who had been changed into a spider finally crushed him
completely. The angel went from high popularity at the beginning of his time in the coop to a
constant, boring angel who sat around dying all day. This is vital to death and rebirth making you
pity the angel and wanting something good to happen to him.
As the dying angel suffers, alone and neglected, something positive happens. The
season changes from fall to winter. At the beginning of December some large, stiff feathers
began to grow on his wings, representing rebirth. He starts flapping his wings after his feathers
are grown. His first attempts were clumsy, like a baby walking, but as Elisenda watched, he flew
away off into the distance.
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is wearing a chastity belt, the key in the hands of the father, to be assured of the freedom of
his father. The Senator and Laura never had been intimately linked, only sleeping on her
shoulders. And he in the same position died after six months in the arms of Laura Farina,
debased and repudiated because of this public scandal, both dishonored and further isolated
from people.
The story reveals the idea of isolation in certain situations, for the Senator, Laura, and
her father. And this also clearly shows mankinds powerlessness to make some change in such
situations, the peoples inability to change ones fate or destiny especially love to death.
Furthermore, Marquez gave way to some political corruptions common to politics and
politicians. Rosal del Virrey is an illusory village which by night was the furtive wharf for
smugglers ships; and in broad daylight looked like the most useless inlet on the desert.
Politicians make anomalies, such as smuggling to earn greater amount of money, accepting
sexual bribes to appease desires, and deception by giving false promises to the people in order
to win positions they do not deserve, to suffice their personal ambitions.
Gabriel Garcia Marquez vividly portrays the loneliness and carelessness that some
people experience due to unfortunate circumstances, in this story. The story is about his
obsessive theme, erosion of death. Along comes the pain and loneliness a person undergoes,
by knowing his upcoming death. Also, love is nothing against the unmovable death. Again like
the title plainly says, death is constant beyond love.
The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World
At first the village we're introduced to a dry, bleak little village with no ambition to be
anything other than a dry, bleak little village. But the drowned man's arrival brings any number
of conflicts or questions with it: where did he come from? To whom does he belong? Who is he?
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What will his arrival mean for the village? This is no ordinary body. The various conflicts from
the previous stage take on greater weight now that the drowned man is of such great
importance. When the women decide that he is Esteban, the plotline is further complicated by
the mythical implications of such a name. The final paragraph of "The Handsomest Drowned
Man" is a climactic one. The body is returned to the sea, and as it falls the villagers realize that
they will never be the same. In this moment they "realize the narrowness of their dreams" and
resolve to do better, live larger, and make their village matter.
"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" explores what it means for a person to
be great, and what effect such a person can have on those who admire him or her. Admiration
can be directed outward, but at some point, the story teaches us, it turns inward, toward the
self, and manifests as a desire for self-betterment.It also explores the transformative effect of
one dead man on an entire village. It argues that a truly great person has the power to change
others, to inspire them to be better, to make them want to be extraordinary. It's interesting
that, in this story, the villager's transformation originates entirely from within. The dead man is
dead, after all, which means the villagers are responsible themselves and for the changes that
they make.
Through the genre of magical realism, this story explores the blurring between myth and
reality. What happens when a larger-than-life figure meets the ordinary villagers of an
unexceptional little town? "The Handsomest Drowned World" reminds us that we turn to myths
as a way of explaining the unexplainable. There's something comforting about having stories
that interpret and make accessible the unknown. Myth is also very much a collective experience,
shared and carried on by a community.
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One Hundred Years of Solitude
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CONCLUSION
The student researchers conclude that Gabriel Garcia Marquez is indeed a great
author/writer this according not only from him having won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982
and being famous; but also from reflections upon his short-stories and novels, his wholly
effective style of literature writing, and his perspective of life and how he connects it to his
works and readers..
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Secondary Sources
Marquez, Gabriel G. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Art of Fiction No. 69 the Paris Review.
By Peter H. Stone. Web. 10 Mar. 2012.
Primary Sources
Marquez, Gabriel G. A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings. Elements of Literature: 4th Course.
R. Anderson et al., USA: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc, 1993: 187-192.
Marquez, Gabriel G. Death Constant Beyond Love. The World of the Short Story: A Twentieth
Century Collection. C. Fadiman, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1986: 638-645.
Marquez, Gabriel G. The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World.
Marquez, Gabriel G. One Hundred Years of Solitude. US: Harper & Row, 1998.
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APPENDICES
Authors Biography
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Xerox Copies of Selected Works
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
Death Constant Beyond Love
The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World
One Hundred Years of Solitude
Researchers Profile
Abbigail Derige
April Ivy T. Escota
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APPENDIX A
Authors Biography
Gabriel Garca Mrquez (1927 - ) is one of the most preeminent writers of Magical
Realism. Marquez resists predetermined plot structures. His writing forces readers to actively
engage with it to provide essential details. Some critics view this technique as deriving from
Gabriel Garca Mrquez readings of the dramas ofSophocles since in these plays action often
happens off stage. Marquez was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.
Although Gabriel Garca Mrquez is known as a master of Magical Realism, reality is a
central theme in much of his work. Marquez claims much of his early work, all reflect the reality
of life in Colombia and this theme determines the rational structure of the books. "I don't regret
having written them, but they belong to a kind of premeditated literature that offers too static
and exclusive a vision of reality." His later work he experimented with different way of
addressing reality. One method that Gabriel Garca Mrquez used was to describe the bizarre
and unsettling details of a story with the deadpan expression. Solitude is another key theme
that is thread throughout of much of Gabriel Garca Mrquezs literary work. His acceptance
speech for his Nobel Prize was entitled Solitude of Latin America. Marquez uses the civil conflict
LaViolenciathe war between the liberals and conservatives in Colombia that continued until
the 1960s. Marquez never allowed his writing to devolve into a mere platform for political
commentary.
Gabriel Garca Mrquez was born in Aracataca, Colombia on the sixth of March. 1928.
His mothers father was a retired colonel who had strong left leaning political views. Garcias
father had dropped out of medical school and maintained a very conservative stance. Garcias
father had sired four children out of wedlock and seemed like a poor prospect for marriage. His
http://www.egs.edu/library/sophocles/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/sophocles/biography/ -
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persistence eventually wore down the colonels objections and the marriage was allowed.
Gabriel Garca Mrquez was the first of twelve children to come from this union. Marquez would
use the inspiration of his parents romance as the basis forEl Amor en los Tiempos de
Colera or Love in the Time of Cholera.
Until Marquez was eight, he lived with his maternal grandparents in Aracataca. His
grandmother, Tranquilina Iguaran Cotes, was an avid storyteller. She gave Marquez a deep
reservoir of folkloric knowledge about omens, premonitions, dead ancestors and ghosts. The
sincere manner in which she told her stories would have a profound effect on the mature
writings of Gabriel Garca Mrquez. His grandfather, Ricardo Marquez Mejia, had fought in at
least two Colombian civil conflicts. His stories of battle and conflict captured Gabriel Garca
Mrquezs imagination.
When his grandfather died in 1936, Gabriel Garca Mrquez was returned to the custody
of his parents in north central Colombia. Marquez only stayed with his parents for only a short
time before being sent to boarding school. Marquez was a studious boy who his classmates
called The Old Man. He avoided athletics, but drew comics at an early age as a way of
expressing stories he did not yet have the language skills to express.
The Jesuit Liceo Nacional gave Gabriel Garca Mrquez a scholarship when Marquez was
fourteen. This secondary school was located near Bogot in the city of Zipaquira. He graduated
from this school in 1946. Marquez wanted to pursue a career in journalism.
He attended the National University of Colombia in Bogot. At his familys insistence, Gabriel
Garca Mrquez studied law. Marquez detested this study. In 1947, the literary supplement ofEl
Espectadorpublished one of Marquezs short stories. This marked the first of ten storiesEl
Espectadorwould print.
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In 1948, Jorge Eliecer Gaitan Ayala, a prominent Colombian Liberal Party member, was
assassinated. This act would incite a decade long period of civil strife known as La Violencia. La
Violencia, which engulfed every Colombian, took the lives of over three hundred thousand
individuals and led to the flight of over one million Colombians to neighboring countries. In the
second year of the conflict, the National University of Colombia shut its doors. Marquez
relocated to Cartagena. At the University of Cartagena, Marquez continued to pursue his legal
studies. As Marquez pursued his education, he began to write pieces of journalism. He never
completed his degree.
In 1950, Gabriel Garca Mrquez relocated to Barranquilla. Marquez wrote columns for
El Heraldo, a daily paper. In Barrangulla, Marquez lived in a small room that was located in a
four-story brothel. Despite his limited resources, his literary life took root. He consumed the
literature which was to inspire his later work: Virginia Woolf, Sophocles, William Faulkner, Franz
Kafka, James Joyceand Ernest Hemingway. Marquez wrote his first novella, which in 1952 he
would revise as La Hojarasca or The Leaf Storm. In 1955, the friends of Gabriel Garca Mrquez
would find this manuscript and would have it published.
This first novella shows a clear lineage from William Faulkner in the gothic tone and
complex structure. In addition, Gabriel Garca Mrquezs use of the village of Macondo is used
and returned to as his version of Faulkners Yoknapatawhpa County. However, the irreal
elements and accessibility of the story mark it as a text that has come out from the shadow
ofWilliam Faulkners work.
Marquez returned to Bogot in 1954. He found work at El Espectadoras a reporter and
film reviewer. Marquez used his position to expose government ineptitude and corruption
including the wreck of a ship. This expose came at the expense of irritating the Colombian
http://www.egs.edu/library/virginia-woolf/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/sophocles/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/william-faulkner/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/franz-kafka/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/franz-kafka/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/james-joyce/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/ernest-hemingway/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/william-faulkner/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/william-faulkner/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/william-faulkner/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/william-faulkner/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/william-faulkner/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/ernest-hemingway/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/james-joyce/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/franz-kafka/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/franz-kafka/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/william-faulkner/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/sophocles/biography/http://www.egs.edu/library/virginia-woolf/biography/ -
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dictator Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. In 1989, this story would be published in English as The Story of
the Shipwrecked Sailor..
El Espectadorfeared the backlash from the government for the embarrassing nature of
the expose. In order to stave off any true violent or political revenge, the paper sent Gabriel
Garca Mrquez to Europe as a foreign correspondent. While in Europe, the government
closed El EspectadorGabriel Garca Mrquez was reduced to poverty. Marquez worked hand-to-
mouth during the days and spent his nights writing fiction.
In 1957, Gabriel Garca Mrquez finished El Coronel No Tiene Quien Le Escribaor No One
Writes to the Colonel. Marquez then traveled back across the Atlantic Ocean and found a
position at the magazine, Momento, in Caracas, Venezuela. Until 1959, Marquez continued to
live and work in Venezuela. In 1958, Marquez married Mercedes Barcha Pardo in Barranquilla,
Colombia. Their first son was born in 1959.
Gabriel Garca Mrquez founded a Bogot branch of Prensa Latina, the Cuban press
agency. In 1961, Marquez moved to New York City to work in the office of Prensa Latina. The
same year, he would travel New Orleans, Louisiana before finally settling his young family in
Mexico City.
In 1967, Editorial Sudamericana in Buenos Aires, Argentina, published. One Hundred
Years of Solitude. Gabriel Garca Mrquezs novel was immediately, and has continued to be,
successful. Marquez was awarded with international prizes including the French Prix du Meilleur
Livre Etranger, the Italian Premio Chianciano, the American Neustadt Prize, and Venezuelan
Romulo Gallegos Prize.
With such success Gabriel Garca Mrquez moved his family to Barcelona, Spain, where
he continued to write. By 1973, Marquez returned to political activism. He supported many left
wing causes in Latin America. His political affiliation aligned him with the Communist Cuban
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government, and the United States Department of State forbade him from entering United
States without special permission.
Gabriel Garca Mrquez returned to Columbia in 1974. Marquez created the
newspaperAlternativa based in Bogot. In 1975, he released the novel The Autumn of the
Patriarch. In this novel, Marquez writes of a nameless dictator who clings to power in a
Caribbean nation.
Gabriel Garca Mrquez would flee from Colombia after a trip to Cuba in 1981. The
Colombian government had planned to arrest Marquez and charge him with financially
supporting M-19, a left-wing military group. Mexico granted Marquez asylum, the French
government awarded him the Legion of Honor. Adding to the international shaming of
Colombia, Marquez won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982.
When Belisario Betencur became the new president of Colombia, he asked Marquez to
return home and offered the writer many political appointments. Gabriel Garca Mrquez
rejected the political appointments. Marquez continued his prolific writingalthough he
considered himself a journalist who wrote fiction.
In 1995, he created the Foundation for a New Ibero-American Journalism in Cartagena,
which received UNESCO funds. This organization helps young journalists learn the craft of
journalism. In 1999, Gabriel Garca Mrquez was diagnosed with lymphatic cancer. His
production of literary and journalistic work has subsequently declined.
Carlos Fuentes claims that Gabriel Garca Mrquez is the most popular and perhaps
best writer in Spanish since *Miguel de+ Cervantes. Marquez views his own work as part of a
tradition of Latin American writers. He claims that his Nobel Prize for Literature represented an
acknowledgement of the greatness of Latin American literature.
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APPENDIX B1
A VERY OLD MAN WITH ENORMOUS WINGS
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APPENDIX B2
DEATH CONSTANT BEYOND LOVE
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APPENDIX B3
THE HANDSOMEST DROWNED MAN IN THE WORLD
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APPENDIX B4
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE
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APPENDIX C
RESEARCHERS PROFILE
Abbigail Derige
April Ivy T. Escota
A student in Polytechnic University of the Philippines
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