topik 8 saltts
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EXERCISETOPIC: SALTS
1 Which of the following is an insoluble salt?
Antara yang berikut, manakah merupakan garam tak larut?
A Calcium nitrate
Kalsium nitrat
B Potassium nitrate
Kalium nitrat
C Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat
D Potassium carbonate
Kalium karbonat
2 Which of the following substances is not a salt?
A Zinc oxideB Sodium nitrateC Calcium chlorideD Ammonium sulphate
3 Which of the following is a coloured salt?
Antara berikut yang manakah suatu garam berwarna?
A Iron(II) sulphate
Ferum(II) sulfat
B Silver nitrate
Argentum nitrat
C Lead(II) nitrate
Plumbum(II) nitrat
D Calcium carbonate
Kalsium karbonat
4. Reaction between solution A and sodium chloride solution will produce lead(II) chlorideprecipitate and sodium nitrate solution.Tindak balas antara larutan A dan larutan natrium klorida akan menghasilkan mendakanplumbum(II) klorida dan larutan natrium nitrat.
Which of the following substances is A?Antara berikut, yang manakah A?
A Lead(II) iodide
Plumbum(II) iodidaB Lead(II) nitratePlumbum(II) nitrat
A + 2NaCl PbCl2 + 2NaNO3
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C Lead(II) carbonatePlumbum(II) karbonat
D Lead(II) sulphatePlumbum(II) sulfat
5 Substance X + Sulphuric acid Salt Y + Water + Carbon dioxide
Bahan X asid sulfuric Garam Y Air Karbon dioksida
Referring to the equation above, what could substance X be?
Merujuk persamaan diatas , apakah kemungkinan bahan X ?
A Coppe(11) oxide
Kuprum(II) oksida
B Magnesium metal
Logam magnesium
C Zinc carbonate
Zink karbonat
D Sodium hydroxideNatrium hidroksida
6.Diagram 8 shows a method of preparing insoluble salt by mixing solution X and solution Y.Rajah 8 menunjukkan suatu kaedah penyedian garam tak terlarutkan melalui campuran larutan X dan
larutan Y.
Diagram 8Rajah 8
What is the type of the reaction shown in Diagram 8.Apakah jenis tindak balas ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.
A.Neutralisation reactionTindak balas peneutralan
B.Substitutiuon reactionTindak balas penukar gantian
C.Precipitation reactionTindak balas pemendakan
D.Addition reactionTindak balas penambahan
Solution YLarutan Y
SaltGaram
Mixing two solutionCampuran dua larutan
DryKeringkan
Salt crystals
Filter and rinseTuras dan bilas
Solution XLarutan X
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7 Which substance is most normally added to an acid to prepare sodium chloride?
Bahan yang manakah paling biasa ditambahkan kepada suatu asid untukmenyediakan natrium klorida?
A An alkali
Suatu alkali
B A metal
Suatu logam
C A carbonate
Suatu karbonat
D An insoluble base
Suatu bes yang tak terlarutkan
8 R is decomposed by strong heating. The residue is yellow when hot and white when
cold.
What is R ?
R terurai apabila dipanaskan dengan kuat. Baki berwarna kuning semasa panas dan
putih semasa sejuk terhasil.
Apakah R ?
A Lead(II) oxide
Plumbum(II) oksida
B Lead(II) carbonate
Plumbum(II) karbonat
C Zinc oxide
Zink oksida
D Zinc carbonate
Zink karbonat
9 Diagram 2 shows the set up of apparatus for the heating of salt X. The gas releasedturns the lime water chalky.
DIAGRAM 2
Which of the following is salt X ?
Lime water
Salt X
Heat
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A Zinc nitrateB Zinc sulphateC Zinc carbonateD Sodium carbonate
10 The following equation represents the reaction of preparing zinc sulphate salt.Persaman berikut mewakili tindak balas menyediakan garam zink sulfat
ZnO + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2OWhich substances can be used to replace zinc oxide?
Bahan-bahan yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan zink oksida?
I Zinc
Zink
II Zinc hydroxide
Zink hidroksida
III Zinc carbonate
Zink karbonat
IV Zinc nitrate
Zink nitrat
A I and III only
I dan III sahaja
B II and IV only
II dan IV sahajaC I, II and III only
I,II dan III sahaja
D I, II, III and IVI, II, III, dan IV sahaja
11 A precipitate is formed when hydrochloric acid is added to solution X. Which ofthe following solutions is most probably solution X?
Mendakan terbentuk apabila asid hidroklorik ditambah kepada larutan X.
Antara larutan berikut, yang manakah mungkin larutan X?
AB
C
D
Zinc nitrateSilver nitrate
Calcium nitrate
Magnesium nitrate
12 Which of the following salt can be prepared by double decomposition reaction?
Antara garam berikut, yang manakah boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas
penguraian ganda dua?
A
B
CD
Sodium nitrate
Potassium carbonate
Calcium sulphateMagnesium chloride
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13 You are required to verify the cation and anion in a sample of ammonium sulphate salt solution.What reagents can you use to verify the cation and anion?
Anda dikehendaki mengesahkan kation dan anion dalam satu sampel larutan ammonium sulfat.Apakah reagen-reagen yang boleh gunakan untuk mengesahkan kation dan anion?
A
B
C
D
Cation AnionKation Anion
Nessler reagent Dilute hidrochloric acid and barium chloride solution
Reagen Nessler Asid hidroklorik cair dan larutan barium klorida
Nessler reagent Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solutionReagen Nessler Asid nitrik cair dan larutan argentum nitrat
Potassium thiocyanate Dilute hidrochloric acid and barium chloride solution
Kalium tiosianat Asid hidroklorik cair dan larutan barium klorida
Potassium thiocyanate Dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solutionKalium tiosianat Asid nitrik cair dan larutan argentum nitrat
14 Which of the following ions form a white precipitate that is insoluble in excess ammoniasolution?
I Zn2+II Pb2+
III Ca
2+
IV Mg2+
A I and II onlyB II and III onlyC II and IV onlyD III and IV only
15 Zinc chloride solution and aluminium chloride solution are colourless solutions.Which of the following can be used to differentiate the solutions?
Larutan zink klorida dan larutan aluminium klorida adalah larutan tidak berwarna.Antara berikut, yang manakah boleh digunakan untuk membezakan larutan-larutan
tersebut?
A Ammonia solutionLarutan ammonia
B Barium nitrate solution
Larutan barium nitrat
C Silver nitrate solution
Larutan argentum nitrat
D Sodium hydroxide solutionLarutan natrium hidroksida
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16 The equation shows the decomposition of a copper(II) nitrate salt.Persamaan menunjukkan penguraian garam kuprum(II) nitrat.
Calculate the volume of nitrogen dioxide, NO2 gas at room condition if 0.1 mol of Cu(NO3)2salt is heated.
Hitung isipadu gas nitrogen dioksida, NO2pada keadaan bilik jika 0.1 mol garamCu(NO3)2dipanaskan?
Molar volume = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions
Isipadu molar = 24 dm3mol-1 pada suhu bilik.
A
B
C
D
0.6 dm3
1.2 dm3
2.4 dm3
4.8 dm3
17 The reaction between copper(II) oxide and dilute sulphuric acid is represented by the followingchemical equation.Tindak balas antara kuprum(II) oksida dan asid sulfurik cair diwakili oleh persamaan kimia berikut.
CuO(s) + H2SO4(aq) CuSO4(s) + H2O(l)
6.0 g copper(II) oxide is added to 50.0 cm3of 1.0 mol dm
-3sulphuric acid.
what is the mass of of copper(II) oxide left at the end of the reaction?[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Cu = 64]
6.0g kuprum(II) oksida ditambah kepada 50.0 cm3
asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3
Berapakah jisim kuprum(II) oksida yang tinggal pada akhir tindak balas?[Jisim atom relatif: O = 16; Cu = 64]
A 0.3 g
B 2.0 g
C 2.8 g
D 4.0 g
2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
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PAPER 2STRUCTURE
1. Diagram 5.1 shows the set up of apparatus for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.Copper (II) oxide powder is added into acid until in excess.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.Serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambahkan kepada asid sehingga berlebihan.
(a) State the colour of copper (II) sulphate solution.Nyatakan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.
..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1, name the acid used to prepare copper (II) sulphate.Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, namakan asid yang digunakan bagi menyediakan kuprum (II)sulfat.
..............
[1 mark]
(c) Write the chemical equation for the preparation of copper (II) sulphate.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penyediaan kuprum (II) sulfat.
........................................................................................................................................[2 marks]
Excess copper (II) oxide powderSerbuk kuprum (II) oksida berlebihan
AcidAsid
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
HeatPanas
Diagram 5.1Rajah 5.1
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(d) State the reason why copper (II) oxide powder is added until in excess.Nyatakan sebab mengapa serbuk kuprum (II) oksida ditambah sehingga berlebihan.
..............
[1 mark]
(e) 0.1 mol of copper (II) sulphate is produced from the reaction between acid andexcess copper (II) oxide.Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate formed.0.1 mol kuprum (II) sulfat dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara asid dan kuprum (II)oksida berlebihan.Hitung jisim kuprum (II) sulfat yang terbentuk.
[Relative Atomic Mass: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16][Jisim Atom Relatif: Cu = 64, S = 32, O = 16]
[2 marks]
(f) Describe a chemical test to verify the present of cation in copper (II) sulphatesolution.Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengesahkan kehadiran kation dalam larutan kuprum
(II) sulfat.
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(g) Diagram 5.2 shows the decomposition of compound X to form copper (II)oxide and gas Q.Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan penguraian sebatian X bagi menghasilkan kuprum (II) oksidadan gas Q.
+
Gas Q turns the limewater chalky.
Compound XSebatian X
Copper (II) oxideKuprum (II) oksida
Gas QGas Q
Diagram 5.2Rajah 5.2
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Compound X is another copper compound.Gas Q mengeruhkan air kapur.Sebatian X adalah sebatian kuprum yang lain.
Based on the observation of limewater,Berdasarkan pemerhatian ke atas air kapur,
(i) Name gas Q.Namakan gas Q.
...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
(ii) Write the formula of compound X.Tulis formula bagi sebatian X.
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
2. Diagram 4 shows a series reaction of zinc compound.Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu siri tindak balas bagi sebatian zink.
a)Zinc nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution to form zinc carbonateprecipitate.
Larutan zink nitrat bertindak balas dengan larutan natrium karbonat untuk membentuk mendakan zinkkarbonat.
(i) What is the colour of zinc carbonate?Apakah warna zink karbonat?
..
[1 mark]
Zinc carbonateZink karbonat
Zinc oxideZink oksida
Sodium carbonateNatrium karbonatZinc nitrate
Zink nitrat
Zinc sulphateZink sulfat
Diagram 4Rajah 4
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(ii) Name the reaction.Namakan tindak balas ini.
...................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
b) Heating of zinc carbonate produce zinc oxide and gas R.Pemanasan zink karbonat menghasilkan zink oksida dan gas R.
i) Name gas R.Namakan gas R.
..
[1 mark]
ii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.
........................................................
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw a labeled diagram for the heating of zinc carbonate to produce zincoxide and gas R. In your diagram show how gas R is tested.
Lukis gambar rajah berlabel bagi pemanasan zink karbonat untuk menghasilkan zinkoksida dan gas R. Dalam gambar rajah anda, tunjukkan bagaimana gas R itu diuji.
[2 marks]
(c)Zinc carbonate reacts with sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulphate. The chemicalequation is shown below.
Zink karbonat bertindak balas dengan asid sulfuric untuk menghasilkan zink sulfat.Persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas ini ditunjukkan di bawah.
ZnCO3 + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + CO2 + H2O
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6.5 g Zinc carbonate reacts completely with excess sulphuric acid.
Calculate the mass of zinc sulphate produced.
6.5 g zink karbonat bertindak balas lengkap dengan asid sulfuric berlebihan.Hitungkan jisim zink sulfat yang terbentuk.
[Relative molecular mass: ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148][Jisim molekul relative:ZnCO3 = 125, ZnSO4 = 148]
3. A student carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation ofbarium chromate(VI).Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk membina persamaan ion bagipembentukan barium kromat(VI).
Step I 5.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of potassium chromate(VI) solution is pouredinto each test tube labelled 1 to 8.
Step II 1.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of barium chloride solution is added into testtube 1.
Step III Step II is repeated by using test tube 2 to test tube 8 using the volumebarium chloride solution as shown in Table 4.
Step IV All the test tube are shaken and put in the rack to allow bariumchromate(VI) to precipitate. The height of the precipitate is measuredand recorded.
The result of the experiment is shown in Table 4.Keputusan eksperimen ditunjukkan dalan Jadual 4.
Test tubeTabung uji 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Volume of bariumchloride/ cm3Isipadu bariumklorida/ cm
31.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Height of
precipitate/ cmTinggi mendakan/cm 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
a) What is the colour of the precipitate formed?Apakah warna mendakan yang terbentuk?
........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
Table 4Jadual 4
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b) Based on Table 4, plot a graph of the height of precipitate against the volumeof barium chloride solution.Berdasarkan Jadual 4, lukis graf tinggi mendakan melawan isipadu barium klorida.
[3 marks]
c) Based on the plotted graph in (b)Berdasarkan graf yang telah dilukis di (b),
(i) Determine the minimum volume of barium chloride solution needed tocompletely react with 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI)solution.Tentukan isipadu minimum larutan barium klorida yang diperlukan untukbertindakbalas lengkap dengan 5.0 cm
3larutan kalium kromat (VI) 1.0 mol dm
-3.
[1 mark]
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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of barium ions, Ba2+.Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion barium, Ba
2+.
[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42-.
Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO42-
.
[1 mark]
(iv) Calculate the number of moles of chromate(VI) ions, CrO42- that has
reacted with 1 mole of barium ions, Ba2+ .Hitungkan bilangan mol bagi ion kromat(VI), CrO4
2-yang telah bertindakbalas
dengan 1 mol ion barium, Ba2+
.
[1 mark]
(v) Write the ionic equation for the formation of barium chromate(VI).Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi pembentukan barium kromat(VI).
...................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
c) The height of precipitate in test tubes 5,6,7 and 8 remains unchanged. Explainwhy.Tinggi mendakan dalam tabung uji 5,6,7 dan 8 tidak berubah. Terangkan mengapa.
.......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
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ESEI
1(a)The following flow chart in diagram 7 shows the formation of copper (II)
salt solution and a series of its reactions.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
Based on Diagram 7:
Berdasarkan Rajah 7:
(i) Identify salt X, gas Z and Y precipitate
[3 marks](ii) Write a chemical equation for the formation of Y precipitate.
[2 marks](iii) Copper (II) salt solution is a soluble salt. Describe chemical test to verify
the cation and anion in the compound.
[5 marks]
+ sulphuric acid
+ asid sulfurik
+ Barium nitrate solution
+ Larutan Barium nitrat
Pass through
lime water
Alir ke dalam
air kapur
Salt of X compound
Sebatian garam X
Copper (II) salt solution + water + gas Z
Larutan garam kuprum (II) + air + gas Z
Y precipitate
Mendakan Y
Gas ZGas Z
Lime water turns cloudy
Air kapur keruh
Heat
Panaskan
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2 (a) Lead(II) nitrate is a soluble salt and lead(II) sulphate is an insoluble salt.
Plumbum(II) nitrat adalah garam larut dan plumbum(II) sulfat adalah garam taklarut.
(i) State the method of preparation both of the salts.
Nyatakan kaedah penyediaan kedua-dua garam itu.
(ii) State the reactants for the preparation of lead(II) sulphate.
Nyatakan bahan tindak balas bagi penyediaan plumbum(II) sulfat.
[4 marks]
(b) By using lead(II) oxide or lead(II) carbonate as a reactant, describe how a sampleof lead(II) nitrate crystals can be prepared in the laboratory.In your description, include the chemical equation involved.
Dengan menggunakan plumbum(II) oksidaatauplumbum(II) karbonat sebagaibahan tindak balas, huraikan bagaimana satu sampel hablur plumbum(II) nitratdapat disediakan dalam makmal.Dalam huraian anda, sertakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.
[10 marks]
(c) Three test-tubes contain colourless solutions. The labelled on the test-tubes areremoved. Each test-tube contains whether dilute hydrochloric acid, dilutesulphuric acid or sodium sulphate solution.Describe chemical tests that can be used to verify the solutions in each test-tube.
Tiga tabung uji mengandungi larutan tidak berwarna. Label pada tabung uji telahtertanggal. Setiap tabung uji mengandungi sama ada asid hidroklorik cair, asidsulfurik cair atau larutan natrium sulfat.Huraikan ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk menentusahkan larutan dalamsetiap tabung uji.
[6 marks]
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3 (a) Salts can be classified into soluble and insoluble salt.
(i) Name one example of an insoluble chloride salt.
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the chemicals needed to prepare salt in (a) (i) and name the reaction.
[3 marks]
(b) Diagram 8 shows a flow chart of the qualitative analysis of substance X.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan carta alir analisis kualitatif bagi sebatian X.
Diagram 8Rajah 8
(i) Based on diagram 8, identify the
Black powder X
Blue solution Y
Cation and anion of Y solution.
[4 marks]
Black powder X
Serbuk hitam X
Add hydrochloric acid, HCl solution
Tambah larutan asid hidroklorik, HCl
Blue solution Y
Larutan biru Y
Solution Y + Sodium hydroxide,NaOH solution
Larutan Y + larutan natriumhidroksida, NaOH
Blue precipitate
Mendakan biru
Solution Y + Silver nitrate,AgNO3 solution
Larutan Y + Larutan argentumnitrat, AgNO3
White precipitate
Mendakan putih
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(c) An experiment is carried out to construct an ionic equation for an insoluble salt,lead (II) chromate (VI).
A fixed volume of 5.00 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead (II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2solution is placed into each of the 8 test tubes of the same size.
Different volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium chromate (VI), K2CrO4 solutionis added to each test tube.
The height of the yellow precipitate, lead (II) chromate (VI) formed intoeach test tube is measured, recorded and plotted in Graph 8.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Graph 8Graf 8
Height of lead (II) chromate(VI) precipitate / cm
Volume of potassium chromate(VI) solution, K2CrO4 / cm
3
Isipadu larutan kaliumkromat(VI), K2CrO4 / cm
3
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Based on Graph 8
(i) Calculate
The number of moles of lead (II) ions used.
The number of moles of potassium chromate (VI) that has reactedcompletely with 5.00 cm3 of lead (II) nitrate.
[4 marks]
(ii) Based on the answer in (c) (i), construct an ionic equation for the formation
of lead (II) chromate (VI).
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain why
The height of precipitate formed increases and then remain constantTinggi mendakan bertambah dan kemudian menjadi malar.
The colour change in the solution above the precipitate.Perubahan warna larutan di bahagian atas mendakan.
The eight test tubes used are of the same size.Kelapan-lapan tabung uji yang digunakan adalah bersaizsama.
[6 marks]
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