tta 성종진(jsung@tta.or.kr)krnet.or.kr/board/data/dprogram/1154/a1-1%bc%ba%c1%be%c1%f8.pdf · 39...

2007. 62007. 6

TTA TTA 성종진 (jsung@tta.or.kr)

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Dense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader Environments

Global Trends on DRMGlobal Trends on DRMGlobal Trends on DRM

DRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in Korea

RFID InterferenceRFID InterferenceRFID Interference

ContentsContents

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RFIDRFID서비스서비스 환경환경

Stationary Stationary 리더리더

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RFID Interference (1/3)RFID Interference (1/3)

◈ Tag signal vs Interfering Reader Signal

Reader in CW

Tag Backscatter

Distant readerin modulation

Interference

약50~60dB(1/1000,000)

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RFID Interference (2/3)RFID Interference (2/3)

◈ Neighboring Reader Interference

((CWCW)) ((Modulated signalModulated signalat Adjacent Channel)at Adjacent Channel)

((BackscatteringBackscattering))

Neighboring ReaderNeighboring Reader

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RFID Interference (3/3)RFID Interference (3/3)

*출처: RFID Operation in Europe(2006.2)

Tag ConfusedTag Confused

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Reader CReader Commandommand vsvs Tag BacTag Backkscatteringscattering

Reader CommandReader Command

Tag Tag BackscatteringBackscattering

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Tag signal DetectionTag signal Detection

다른리더 Tx변조신호

태그응답신호(Millier,BLF=250kHz)

태그응답신호(Millier,BLF=250kHz)

Filtering

통신리더CW신호

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Interference under Multiple ReadersInterference under Multiple Readers

Interfered

Eeach Reader’s CW

Tag Backscatter

Intefering Reader Signal

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복수복수 RFIDRFID리더리더 동작동작

고정형고정형RFID RFID 리더리더77대대 동작동작((FHSS, FHSS, 예시예시))

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Dense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader Environments

Global Trends on DRMGlobal Trends on DRMGlobal Trends on DRM

DRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in Korea

RFID InterferenceRFID InterferenceRFID Interference

ContentsContents

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DRM (DenseDRM (Dense--Reader Mode)Reader Mode)

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DenseDense--Reader OperationReader Operation

DRM service is a MUST DRM service is a MUST for expanding RFID! for expanding RFID!

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Worldwide UHF(860~960MHz) PassiveWorldwide UHF(860~960MHz) Passive--RFIDRFID

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Reader EnvironmentsReader Environments

◈ Single-reader environmentA single reader operating in the environment

◈ Multiple-reader environment# of simultaneously active readers < # of available channelsExample: 10 readers operating in 50 channels

◈ Dense-reader environment

# of simultaneously active readers ≈ # of available channelsExample: 50 readers operating in 50 channels (USA RFID Regulation 기준)

Readers require knowledge of operational deployment and the ability to adjust their RF parameters for a given environment -One nonOne non--dense readerdense reader in a dense reader deployment will spoil the

whole frequency plan

ISO 18000ISO 18000--6C(EPC Gen 2)6C(EPC Gen 2)DRM DRM 정의정의

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Spectrum Mask Spectrum Mask (Multi(Multi--Reader Reader vsvs DenseDense--Reader)Reader)

36dBm EIRP

36dBm EIRPTagTag

BackscatteringBackscattering

TagTagBackscatteringBackscattering

MRM Reader’s Modulated signal(Interference)

DRM Spectrum maskDRM Spectrum mask

MRM Spectrum maskMRM Spectrum mask

DRM Reader’s Modulated signal(Interference, even narrower than MRM signal)

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DRM example 1DRM example 1

◈ 500kHz(미국, 50개 채널/고속 태그응답) channel-width, Channel boundary backscatter

{PR-ASK, Tari=25us, BLF=250kHz, M=4} => 62.5kbps속도로Miller subccarrier backscatter

62.562.5kbpskbps전송전송 BWBW

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DRM example 2DRM example 2

◈ 200kHz channel-width, Reader Tx 600kHz separation(3-channel) (유럽, 10개 채널중 4개 채널에서만 Reader Tx/고속 태그응답)

{SSB-ASK, Tari=25us, BLF=300kHz, M=4} => 75kbps속도로Miller subccarrier backscatter

7575kbpskbps전송전송 BWBW

300-300

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DRM example 3DRM example 3

◈ 500kHz (미국, 50개 채널/저속태그응답) channel-width, In-channel backscatter

{PR-ASK, Tari=25us, BLF=200kHz, M=8} =>25kbps속도로Miller subccarrier backscatter

2525kbpskbps전송전송BWBW

200-200

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Revised Revised DRM ConceptDRM Concept

*출처: EU Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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Ideal DRM Spectrum AllocationIdeal DRM Spectrum Allocation

*출처: UHF Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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Dense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader Environments

Global Trends (ETSI 동향) on DRMGlobal Trends (ETSIGlobal Trends (ETSI 동향동향)) on DRMon DRM

DRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in Korea

RFID InterferenceRFID InterferenceRFID Interference

ContentsContents

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RFID RegulationRFID Regulation--USA(North America)USA(North America)

2626MHz (902~928MHz) Spectrum is enough MHz (902~928MHz) Spectrum is enough for DRM using FHSSfor DRM using FHSS

*출처: UHF Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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Europe RFID Regulation Harmonization(1/2)Europe RFID Regulation Harmonization(1/2)

Nov.2006 Nov.2006 ProposedProposed

2MHz Spectrum is not enough & inappropriate

for DRM using LBT

22MHz SpectrumMHz Spectrumis enough for DRM,is enough for DRM,in casein case no LBT no LBT &&

600kHz 600kHz TxTx spacing spacing &&Reader SynchronizationReader Synchronization

*출처: UHF Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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ETSI ETSI DRM DRM Harmonization (2/2)Harmonization (2/2)

*출처: www. rfidjournal.com

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Japan Japan && KoreaKorea

[Japan]

[Korea]

22MHz Spectrum isMHz Spectrum isnot enough not enough

for DRM using FHSSfor DRM using FHSS

*출처: UHF Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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ChinaChina

*출처: www. rfidjournal.com

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ETSI ETSI ChannelizationChannelization for DRMfor DRM

75 75 kbpskbps((TagTag→→ReaderReader))

Each ReaderEach Reader’’s s TxTx Frequency must be controlled(synchronized) for DRMFrequency must be controlled(synchronized) for DRM

*출처: EU Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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Reader Reader TxTx Frequency spacing ( >500kHz)Frequency spacing ( >500kHz)

◈ Frequency offset 0Hz, Signal to Interferer = 10dB (최소 13dB이상 필요)

◈ Frequency Offset 500kHz, Signal to Interferer = 10dB

*출처: White paper on Dense-Reader problem in Europe(ISO/SC31/SG3발표, 2006.1)

Tag ConfusedTag Confused

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Revised ETSI Spectral PlanRevised ETSI Spectral Plan

*출처: EU Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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ETSI Plan to Eliminate LBTETSI Plan to Eliminate LBT

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

4.4.

*출처: EU Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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Interim Plan: SynchronizationInterim Plan: Synchronization

*출처: EU Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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ETSI DRM Test using SynchronizationETSI DRM Test using Synchronization

*출처: www. rfidjournal.com

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Revised ETSI Spectrum MaskRevised ETSI Spectrum Mask

*출처: EU Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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ReaderReader RF signalRF signal--synchronizationsynchronization

ETSI DRM TestETSI DRM Test*출처: Impinj 발표자료 (2006.2)

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ETSI DRM Test ResultETSI DRM Test Result

*출처: EU Regulatory Status(2006.11)

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USA DRM(FHSS) Test ResultUSA DRM(FHSS) Test Result

*출처: Impinj 발표자료(2006.2)

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Dense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader EnvironmentsDense Reader Environments

Global Trends (ETSI 동향) on DRMGlobal Trends (ETSIGlobal Trends (ETSI 동향동향)) on DRMon DRM

DRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in KoreaDRM Issues in Korea

RFID InterferenceRFID InterferenceRFID Interference

ContentsContents

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국내국내 900900MHzMHz대대 RFIDRFID기술기준기술기준FHSS 방식

구분FHSS 방식 송신전감지기능추가

전파형식 N0N(CW), A1D, A7D주파수허용편차 ±20x10-6이하

사용주파수대역 910~914MHz 908.5~914MHz공중선전력 1W(4W EIRP) 이하

점유주파수대역폭 200kHz이하안테나이득 6dBi 이하(6dBi를 초과할 경우 공중선전력에서 차감)

호핑채널수 중첩하지않는 15개이상 -

체류시간 한채널당 0.4초이내 -

최대송신시간 - 호핑채널수 x 0.4초이내 4초이내

최소중지시간 - 100mS 이상

불요발사사용주파수대역바깥쪽의주파수에서측정, 다만, 바로바깥쪽의

±500kHz 범위는 RBW 3kHz로측정1GHz 미만: -36dBm/100kHz(RBW), 1GHz 이상: -30dBm/1MHz(RBW)

감지레벨 - ≤-96dBmP<50mW: ≤-83dBm

50mW≤P<250mW: ≤-90mW250mW≤P≤1W: ≤-96mW

감지요구시간 - - 최소 5ms 이상의시간동안

LBT 방식

Need to change current RFID regulation for DRM ! DRM !

No No ChannelizationChannelization

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국내국내 DRM DRM 요구사항요구사항 (1/2)(1/2)

◈◈ ChannelizationChannelizationPerfect SeparationPerfect Separation between between ““ReaderReader→→Tag signalTag signal”” and and ““TagTag→→Reader signalReader signal””Dedicated Reader Dedicated Reader TxTx FrequencyFrequency

Especially Fixed(Stationary)Especially Fixed(Stationary)--Reader operating in Reader operating in DRM EnvironmentDRM Environment

TagTag--toto--Reader data rate Over 50kbpsReader data rate Over 50kbpsEach ReaderEach Reader’’s s TxTx Channel Allocation & Management under DRM Channel Allocation & Management under DRM EnvironmentsEnvironments

i.e. Synchronizationi.e. Synchronization

ChannelizationChannelization( ( ≥≥ 4 4 TeaderTeader TxTx channels) for DRMchannels) for DRM

Reader Tx

(BLF/M > 50kbps)

Reader Tx Reader Tx Reader Tx

DRM SM DRM SM DRM SM DRM SM

Reader TxSpacing( >500kHz)

TagBackscattering

(BLF/M > 50kbps)

Tag Backscattering

(BLF/M > 50kbps)

Tag Backscattering

(BLF/M > 50kbps)

Tag Backscattering

(BLF/M > 50kbps)

Tag Backscattering

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국내국내 DRM DRM 요구사항요구사항 (2/2)(2/2)

◈◈ No InterferenceNo Interference between RFID servicesbetween RFID servicesFixed RFID, Portable RFID, Mobile RFIDFixed RFID, Portable RFID, Mobile RFID

◈◈ DRM Spectrum MaskDRM Spectrum Mask

◈◈ 36dBm ERIP for only Fixed(Stationary)36dBm ERIP for only Fixed(Stationary)--ReaderReaderProper Power level for PortableProper Power level for Portable--Reader & MobileReader & Mobile--ReaderReader

◈◈ Verification processVerification processIn advance of approval for new RFID regulation !In advance of approval for new RFID regulation !

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ReferenceReference

◈◈ Jens Jens KunglKungl, , ““EU Regulatory StatusEU Regulatory Status””, November 2006, November 2006

◈◈ Chris Chris DiorioDiorio, , ““UHF Regulatory StatusUHF Regulatory Status””, November 2006, November 2006

◈◈ ISOISO--IEC/JTC1/SC31/WG4/SG3, IEC/JTC1/SC31/WG4/SG3, ““AdAd--hoc committee on Densehoc committee on Dense--Reader Reader problem in Europe, January 2006problem in Europe, January 2006

◈◈ EPCglobalEPCglobal, EPC, EPCTMTM RadioRadio--Frequency Identity ClassFrequency Identity Class--1 Generation 2 1 Generation 2 UHF Protocol for communications at 860UHF Protocol for communications at 860--960MHz Version 1.2.0, 960MHz Version 1.2.0, March 2007March 2007

◈◈ Chris Chris DiorioDiorio, , ““RFID Operation in EuropeRFID Operation in Europe””, February 2006, February 2006

◈◈ http://www.http://www.rfidjournalrfidjournal.com.com